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  1. Nonmonotonic reasoning based on incomplete logic.Tuan-Fang Fan, I. -Peng Lin & Churn-Jung Liau - 1997 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 7 (4):375-395.
    ABSTRACT What characterizes human reasoning is the ability of dealing with incomplete information. Incomplete logic is developed for modeling incomplete knowledge. The most distinctive feature of incomplete logic is its semantics. This is an alternative presentation of partial semantics. In this paper, we will introduce the general notion of incomplete logic (ICL), compare it with partial logic, and give the resolution method for it. We will also show how ICL can be applied to nonmonotonic reasoning. We define nonmonotonic derivation as (...)
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  • Circumscription — A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning.John McCarthy - 1980 - Artificial Intelligence 13 (1-2):27–39.
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  • A sceptical theory of inheritance in nonmonotonic semantic networks.John F. Horty, Richmond H. Thomason & David S. Touretzky - 1990 - Artificial Intelligence 42 (2-3):311-348.
    inheritance reasoning in semantic networks allowing for multiple inheritance with exceptions. The approach leads to a definition of iaheritance that is..
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  • Theories of reasoning and the computational explanation of everyday inference.Mike Oaksford & Nick Chater - 1995 - Thinking and Reasoning 1 (2):121 – 152.
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  • The theory of nomic probability.John L. Pollock - 1992 - Synthese 90 (2):263 - 299.
    This article sketches a theory of objective probability focusing on nomic probability, which is supposed to be the kind of probability figuring in statistical laws of nature. The theory is based upon a strengthened probability calculus and some epistemological principles that formulate a precise version of the statistical syllogism. It is shown that from this rather minimal basis it is possible to derive theorems comprising (1) a theory of direct inference, and (2) a theory of induction. The theory of induction (...)
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  • Why cognitive science is not formalized folk psychology.Martin Pickering & Nick Chater - 1995 - Minds and Machines 5 (3):309-337.
    It is often assumed that cognitive science is built upon folk psychology, and that challenges to folk psychology are therefore challenges to cognitive science itself. We argue that, in practice, cognitive science and folk psychology treat entirely non-overlapping domains: cognitive science considers aspects of mental life which do not depend on general knowledge, whereas folk psychology considers aspects of mental life which do depend on general knowledge. We back up our argument on theoretical grounds, and also illustrate the separation between (...)
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  • Non-Monotonic Reasoning in Medieval Theology: Problems and Assumptions.Marcin Trepczyński - 2022 - Studia Humana 11 (3-4):53-66.
    Some interesting cases of non-monotonic reasoning have already been identified in medieval theological texts. Jacob Archambault proved in 2015 that the argumentation presented by St Anselm of Canterbury in his Proslogion has non-monotonic “embeddings”. My own contribution from 2011 indicated that we can argue that a non-monotonic logic underlies some discussions provided by St Thomas Aquinas in his Summa theologiae, and showed that Boethius of Dacia used non-monotonic reasoning in his De aeternitate mundi. In this article, I would like to (...)
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  • Gelfond–Zhang aggregates as propositional formulas.Pedro Cabalar, Jorge Fandinno, Torsten Schaub & Sebastian Schellhorn - 2019 - Artificial Intelligence 274 (C):26-43.
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  • Nonmonotonic reasoning, preferential models and cumulative logics.Sarit Kraus, Daniel Lehmann & Menachem Magidor - 1990 - Artificial Intelligence 44 (1-2):167-207.
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  • Autoepistemic logic revisited.Robert C. Moore - 1993 - Artificial Intelligence 59 (1-2):27-30.
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  • Uniform semantic treatment of default and autoepistemic logics.Marc Denecker, Victor W. Marek & Mirosław Truszczyński - 2003 - Artificial Intelligence 143 (1):79-122.
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  • An argument-based approach to reasoning with specificity.Phan Minh Dung & Tran Cao Son - 2001 - Artificial Intelligence 133 (1-2):35-85.
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  • Default reasoning from conditional knowledge bases: Complexity and tractable cases.Thomas Eiter & Thomas Lukasiewicz - 2000 - Artificial Intelligence 124 (2):169-241.
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  • Invitation to Autoepistemology.Lloyd Humberstone - 2002 - Theoria 68 (1):13-51.
    The phrase ‘autoepistemic logic’ was introduced in Moore [1985] to refer to a study inspired in large part by criticisms in Stalnaker [1980] of a particular nonmonotonic logic proposed by McDermott and Doyle.1 Very informative discussions for those who have not encountered this area are provided by Moore [1988] and the wide-ranging survey article Konolige [1994], and the scant remarks in the present introductory section do not pretend to serve in place of those treatments as summaries of the field. A (...)
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  • Using approximate reasoning to represent default knowledge.Ronald R. Yager - 1987 - Artificial Intelligence 31 (1):99-112.
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  • Brief study of G'3 logic.Mauricio Osorio Galindo & José Luis Carballido Carranza - 2008 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 18 (4):475-499.
    We present a Hilbert-style axiomatization of a recently introduced logic, called G'3 G'3 is based on a 3-valued semantics. We prove a soundness and completeness theorem. The replacement theorem holds in G'3. As it has already been shown in previous work, G'3 can express some non-monotonic semantics. We prove that G'3can define the same class of functions as Lukasiewicz 3 valued logic. Moreover, we identify some normal forms for this logic.
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  • Motivated action theory: a formal theory of causal reasoning.Lynn Andrea Stein & Leora Morgenstern - 1994 - Artificial Intelligence 71 (1):1-42.
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  • Parallel Theories and Routine Revision in First-Order Logic.Gerold Stahl - 1987 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 33 (5):457-459.
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  • Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation.Yoav Shoham - 1990 - Cognitive Science 14 (2):213-252.
    It is suggested that taking into account considerations that traditionally fall within the scope of computer science in general, and artificial intelligence in particular, sheds new light on the subject of causation. It is argued that adopting causal notions con be viewed as filling a computational need: They allow reasoning with incomplete information, facilitate economical representations, and afford relatively efficient methods for reasoning about those representations. Specifically, it is proposed that causal reasoning is intimately bound to nonmonotonic reasoning. An account (...)
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  • Efficient reasoning about rich temporal domains.Yoav Shoham - 1988 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 17 (4):443 - 474.
    We identify two pragmatic problems in temporal reasoning, the qualification problem and the extended prediction problem, the latter subsuming the infamous frame problem. Solutions to those seem to call for nonmonotonic inferences, and yet naive use of standard nonmonotonic logics turns out to be inappropriate. Looking for an alternative, we first propose a uniform approach to constructing and understanding nonmonotonic logics. This framework subsumes many existing nonmonotonic formalisms, and yet is remarkably simple, adding almost no extra baggage to traditional logic. (...)
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  • Nonmonotonic consequence based on intuitionistic logic.Gisèle Fischer Servi - 1992 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 57 (4):1176-1197.
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  • In search of a “true” logic of knowledge: the nonmonotonic perspective.Grigori Schwarz - 1995 - Artificial Intelligence 79 (1):39-63.
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  • Formalizing falsification: Three delete operations.Rüdiger Schätz - 1990 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 36 (5):455-470.
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  • Formalizing falsification: Three delete operations.Rüdiger Schätz - 1990 - Zeitschrift fur mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 36 (5):455-470.
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  • Dynamic reasoning with qualified syllogisms.Daniel G. Schwartz - 1997 - Artificial Intelligence 93 (1-2):103-167.
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  • From systems to logic in the early development of nonmonotonic reasoning.Erik Sandewall - 2011 - Artificial Intelligence 175 (1):416-427.
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  • A social contract account for CSR as an extended model of corporate governance (II): Compliance, reputation and reciprocity. [REVIEW]Lorenzo Sacconi - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 75 (1):77 - 96.
    This essay seeks to give a contractarian foundation to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), meant as an extended model of corporate governance of the firm. Whereas, justificatory issues have been discussed in a related paper (Sacconi, L.: 2006b, this journal), in this essay I focus on the implementation of and compliance with this normative model. The theory of reputation games, with reference to the basic game of trust, is introduced in order to make sense of self-regulation as a (...)
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  • A Social Contract Account for CSR as an Extended Model of Corporate Governance : Compliance, Reputation and Reciprocity.Lorenzo Sacconi - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 75 (1):77-96.
    This essay seeks to give a contractarian foundation to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, meant as an extended model of corporate governance of the firm. Whereas, justificatory issues have been discussed in a related paper, in this essay I focus on the implementation of and compliance with this normative model. The theory of reputation games, with reference to the basic game of trust, is introduced in order to make sense of self-regulation as a way to implement the social contract (...)
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  • Henry Prakken, logical tools for modelling legal argument: A study of defeasible reasoning in law. [REVIEW]L. M. M. Royakkers - 2000 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 9 (3):379-387.
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  • Reasoning about Minimal Knowledge in Nonmonotonic Modal Logics.Rosati Riccardo - 1999 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 8 (2):187-203.
    We study the problem of embedding Halpern and Moses's modal logic of minimal knowledge states into two families of modal formalism for nonmonotonic reasoning, McDermott and Doyle's nonmonotonic modal logics and ground nonmonotonic modal logics. First, we prove that Halpern and Moses's logic can be embedded into all ground logics; moreover, the translation employed allows for establishing a lower bound (3p) for the problem of skeptical reasoning in all ground logics. Then, we show a translation of Halpern and Moses's logic (...)
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  • The effect of knowledge on belief.David Poole - 1991 - Artificial Intelligence 49 (1-3):281-307.
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  • A logical framework for default reasoning.David Poole - 1988 - Artificial Intelligence 36 (1):27-47.
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  • How to reason defeasibly.John L. Pollock - 1992 - Artificial Intelligence 57 (1):1-42.
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  • How to use probabilities in reasoning.John L. Pollock - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 64 (1):65 - 85.
    Probabilities are important in belief updating, but probabilistic reasoning does not subsume everything else (as the Bayesian would have it). On the contrary, Bayesian reasoning presupposes knowledge that cannot itself be obtained by Bayesian reasoning, making generic Bayesianism an incoherent theory of belief updating. Instead, it is indefinite probabilities that are of principal importance in belief updating. Knowledge of such indefinite probabilities is obtained by some form of statistical induction, and inferences to non-probabilistic conclusions are carried out in accordance with (...)
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  • Languages with self-reference I: Foundations.Donald Perlis - 1985 - Artificial Intelligence 25 (3):301-322.
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  • Autocircumscription.Donald Perlis - 1988 - Artificial Intelligence 36 (2):223-236.
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  • John McCarthy's legacy.Leora Morgenstern & Sheila A. McIlraith - 2011 - Artificial Intelligence 175 (1):1-24.
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  • Inheritance comes of age: applying nonmonotonic techniques to problems in industry.Leora Morgenstern - 1998 - Artificial Intelligence 103 (1-2):237-271.
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  • The complexity of predicate default logic over a countable domain.Robert Saxon Milnikel - 2003 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 120 (1-3):151-163.
    Lifschitz introduced the notion of defining extensions of predicate default theories not as absolute, but relative to a specified domain. We look specifically at default theories over a countable domain and show the set of default theories which possess an ω -extension is Σ 2 1 -complete. That the set is in Σ 2 1 is shown by writing a nearly circumscriptive formula whose ω -models correspond to the ω -extensions of a given default theory; similarly, Σ 2 1 -hardness (...)
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  • Embedding modal nonmonotonic logics into default logic.Robert Milnikel - 2003 - Studia Logica 75 (3):377 - 382.
    We present a straightforward embedding of modal nonmonotonic logics into default logic.
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  • Variable precision logic.Ryszard S. Michalski & Patrick H. Winston - 1986 - Artificial Intelligence 29 (2):121-146.
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  • A general framework for reason maintenance.Drew McDermott - 1991 - Artificial Intelligence 50 (3):289-329.
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  • Logic programs, well-orderings and forward chaining.V. W. Marek, A. Nerode & J. B. Remmel - 1999 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 96 (1-3):231-276.
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  • A context for belief revision: forward chaining-normal nonmonotomic rule systems.V. W. Marek, A. Nerode & J. B. Remmel - 1994 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 67 (1-3):269-323.
    A number of nonmonotonic reasoning formalisms have been introduced to model the set of beliefs of an agent. These include the extensions of a default logic, the stable models of a general logic program, and the extensions of a truth maintenance system among others. In [13] and [16], the authors introduced nonmonotomic rule systems as a nonlogical generalization of all essential features of such formulisms so that theorems applying to all could be proven once and for all. In this paper, (...)
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  • 1995 European Summer Meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic.Johann A. Makowsky - 1997 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 3 (1):73-147.
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  • Conservative augmentation of classical theories.J. D. Mackenzie - 1986 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64 (2):150 – 157.
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  • Defeasible reasoning and logic programming.Timothy R. Colburn - 1991 - Minds and Machines 1 (4):417-436.
    The general conditions of epistemic defeat are naturally represented through the interplay of two distinct kinds of entailment, deductive and defeasible. Many of the current approaches to modeling defeasible reasoning seek to define defeasible entailment via model-theoretic notions like truth and satisfiability, which, I argue, fails to capture this fundamental distinction between truthpreserving and justification-preserving entailments. I present an alternative account of defeasible entailment and show how logic programming offers a paradigm in which the distinction can be captured, allowing for (...)
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  • A logic of knowledge and justified assumptions.Fangzhen Lin & Yoav Shoham - 1992 - Artificial Intelligence 57 (2-3):271-289.
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  • Assumptions, beliefs and probabilities.Kathryn Blackmond Laskey & Paul E. Lehner - 1989 - Artificial Intelligence 41 (1):65-77.
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  • A two-level system of knowledge representation based on evidential probability.Henry E. Kyburg - 1991 - Philosophical Studies 64 (1):105 - 114.
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