Switch to: References

Add citations

You must login to add citations.
  1. Should we discount the welfare of future generations? : Ramsey and Suppes versus Koopmans and Arrow.Graciela Chichilnisky, Peter J. Hammond & Nicholas Stern - unknown
    Ramsey famously pronounced that discounting “future enjoyments” would be ethically indefensible. Suppes enunciated an equity criterion implying that all individuals’ welfare should be treated equally. By contrast, Arrow accepted, perhaps rather reluctantly, the logical force of Koopmans’ argument that no satisfactory preference ordering on a sufficiently unrestricted domain of infinite utility streams satisfies equal treatment. In this paper, we first derive an equitable utilitarian objective based on a version of the Vickrey–Harsanyi original position, extended to allow a variable and uncertain (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Iris Murdoch's romantic platonism.Tony Milligan - unknown
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • The ‘Is’ in Animal-is-m.Tristan Tondino - 2011 - Ithaque 9:107-129.
    Eric T. Olson argues for a position in personal identity called Animalism. Olson's definition of ‘what we are’ is what the biological community currently defines as the ‘human animal’. While Olson argues his definition is determinate and anti-relativist, I object by maintaining that his definition is fundamentally soft relativist. This is accomplished by asking : 1) why favour the biological definition over other cultural definitions? – and by arguing : 2) that nothing stops the biological definition from changing ; 3) (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • The most important thing about climate change.John Broome - 2010 - In Jonathan Boston, Andrew Bradstock & David L. Eng (eds.), Public policy: why ethics matters. Acton, A.C.T.: ANUE Press. pp. 101-16.
    This book chapter is not available in ORA, but you may download, display, print and reproduce this chapter in unaltered form only for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organization from the ANU E Press website.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  • How a Modern-day Hume Can Reject a Desire Categorically: A Perplexity and a Theoretically Modest Proposal.Regan Lance Reitsma - 2014 - European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 9 (2):48-66.
    We often treat our basic, unmotivated desires as reason-giving: you’re thirsty and take yourself to have a reason to walk to the drinking fountain; you care intrinsically about your young daughter and take yourself to have a reason to feed and clothe her. We think these desires generate normative practical reasons. But are there basic desires that don’t? It might seem so, for we sometimes find ourselves impelled to do some very strange, and some very awful, things. For example, would (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  • (1 other version)Metafyzické a morální předpoklady debaty o interupci.Radim Bělohrad - 2009 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 16 (2):214-237.
    The work analyzes two competing arguments in the issue of abortion and shows that each requires a different theory of personal identity. Further, I analyze those theories and show what moral premises they are compatible with and what implications there are for the abortion debate.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Sanctity of life : exploring its significance in modern medicine and bioethics.Fabián Andrés Ballesteros Gallego - unknown
    This thesis explores the concept of "Sanctity of Life" from the perspective of what "life," in particular human life, means today. With the rapid advances in science and modern medical practice, the concept of life has undergone many changes, shaking the foundations of what before made us view life as sacred. Modern thought has brought new forms of understanding to the concept of life.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Moore on the right, the good, and uncertainty.Michael Smith - 2006 - In Terry Horgan & Mark Timmons (eds.), Metaethics After Moore. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 2006--133.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  • Philosophical method and Galileo's paradox of infinity.Matthew W. Parker - 2009 - In Bart Van Kerkhove (ed.), New Perspectives on Mathematical Practices: Essays in Philosophy and History of Mathematics. World Scientific.
    We consider an approach to some philosophical problems that I call the Method of Conceptual Articulation: to recognize that a question may lack any determinate answer, and to re-engineer concepts so that the question acquires a definite answer in such a way as to serve the epistemic motivations behind the question. As a case study we examine “Galileo’s Paradox”, that the perfect square numbers seem to be at once as numerous as the whole numbers, by one-to-one correspondence, and yet less (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  • Welfare and Posthumous Harm.Douglas W. Portmore - manuscript
    WHEN ONE ASSUMES, as I will, that death marks the irrevocable end to one’s existence, it is difficult to make sense of the idea that a person could be harmed or benefited by events that take place after her death. How could a posthumous event either enhance or diminish the welfare of the deceased, who no longer exists? Yet we find that many people have a prudential (i.e., self-interested) concern for what’s going to happen after their deaths.1 People are, for (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Modal metaphysics and the Everett interpretation (BA thesis).Alastair Wilson - 2005 - Dissertation, Oxford
    Recent work on probability in the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics yields a decision-theoretic derivation of David Lewis’ Principal Principle, and hence a general metaphysical theory of probability; part 1 is a discussion of this remarkable result. I defend the claim that the ‘subjective uncertainty’ principle is required for the derivation to succeed, arguing that it amounts to a theoretical identification of chance. In part 2, I generalize this account, and suggest that the Everett interpretation, in combination with a plausible (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Neural unpredictability, the interpretation of quantum theory, and the mind-body problem.Matthew J. Donald - 2002 - Quant-Ph/0208033.
    It has been suggested, on the one hand, that quantum states are just states of knowledge; and, on the other, that quantum theory is merely a theory of correlations. These suggestions are confronted with problems about the nature of psycho-physical parallelism and about how we could define probabilities for our individual future observations given our individual present and previous observations. The complexity of the problems is underlined by arguments that unpredictability in ordinary everyday neural functioning, ultimately stemming from small-scale uncertainties (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Making Sense of Doing Wrong: On the Justification of Compromise Decisions.Rafael Cejudo Córdoba - 2013 - Critica 45 (135):29-53.
    El artículo defiende que los compromisos son tanto un tipo de acuerdo como un tipo de decisión. Los principales objetivos son: 1) identificar la estructura formal de las situaciones de compromiso en las que alguna decisión de compromiso es inevitable, incluyendo CDs que ponen en riesgo la integridad del decisor; 2) mediante las nociones de juicio básico y compulsivo propuestas por Amartya Sen, establecer cuándo una CD en una situación de compromiso podría estar moralmente justificada. Se concluye que las CDs (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Methods in ethics: Introduction.Ben Colburn - 2015 - The Virtual Issue of the Aristotelian Society 3: Methods in Ethics.
    The Aristotelian Society’s Virtual Issue is a free, online publication, made publically available on the Aristotelian Society website. Each volume is theme-based, collecting together papers from the archives of the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society and the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume that address the chosen theme. This year's Virtual Issue includes a selection of papers from across the Society’s fourteen decades, each accompanied by a specially commissioned present-day response. The aim of the volume is to aid reflection (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Perdure and Murder.David B. Hershenov - unknown
    The rich resources of the Four-Dimensional metaphysics have been brought to bear upon many traditional philosophical problems in recent years. Alas, the implications of Four-Dimensionalism for bioethics have gone largely unexplored. Hud Hudson is the rare exception. Relying upon a Four- Dimensional metaphysics of temporal parts and a belief in unrestricted composition, he argues that there is little reason to identify the perduring human embryonic animal and the perduring human person. He makes the intriguing claim that if abortion is wrong, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • How It All Relates : Exploring the Space of Value Comparisons.Henrik Andersson - 2017 - Dissertation, Lund University
    This thesis explores whether the three standard value relations, “better than”, “worse than” and “equally as good”, exhaust the possibilities in which things can relate with respect to their value. Or more precisely, whether there are examples in which one of these relations is not instantiated. There are cases in which it is not obvious that one of these relations does obtain; these are referred to as “hard cases of comparison”. These hard cases of comparison become interesting, since if it (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  • (1 other version)A New History of Modern Moral Philosophy.Robert Shaver - 2000 - Dialogue 39 (3):585-592.
    Of Sidgwick’s Outlines of the History of Ethics, J. B. Schneewind wrote that the author.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • (3 other versions)On the social and personal value of existence.Marc Fleurbaey & Alex Voorhoeve - 2015 - In Iwao Hirose & Andrew Evan Reisner (eds.), Weighing and Reasoning: Themes From the Philosophy of John Broome. New York, NY: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 95-109.
    If a potential person would have a good life if he were to come into existence, can we regard his coming into existence as better for him than his never coming into existence? And can we regard the situation in which he never comes into existence as worse for him? In this paper, we argue that both questions should be answered affirmatively.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • The evil of death: What can metaphysics contribute?Kegan Paul - unknown
    For most us, learning which quantum theory correctly describes human bodies will not affect our attitudes towards our loved ones. On the other hand, a child’s discovery of the nature of meat (or an adult’s discovery of the nature of soylent green) can have a great effect. In still other cases, it is hard to say how one would, or should, react to new information about the underlying nature of what we value—think of how mixed our reactions are to evidence (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Quantum probability and decision theory, revisited [2002 online-only paper].David Wallace - 2002
    An extended analysis is given of the program, originally suggested by Deutsch, of solving the probability problem in the Everett interpretation by means of decision theory. Deutsch's own proof is discussed, and alternatives are presented which are based upon different decision theories and upon Gleason's Theorem. It is argued that decision theory gives Everettians most or all of what they need from `probability'. Contact is made with Lewis's Principal Principle linking subjective credence with objective chance: an Everettian Principal Principle is (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  • Reasons and Normativity.Jakob Green Werkmäster - 2019 - Dissertation, Lund University
    Normative reasons are of constant importance to us as agents trying to navigate through life. For this reason it is natural and vital to ask philosophical questions about reasons and the normative realm. This thesis explores various issues concerning reasons and normativity. The thesis consists of five free-standingpapers and an extended introduction. The aim of the extended introduction is not merely to situate the papers within a wider philosophical context but also to provide an overview of some of the central (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • CHILD JUSTICE AND THE LITTLE DAILY DROPS OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE: A CASE OF TROUBLED WATERS.Mar Cabezas - 2017 - OXÍMORA REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE ÉTICA Y POLÍTICA 10:165-181.
    This article addresses the debate on fuzzy cases concerning the so called ‘mild’ and sporadic instances of physical violence against children by caregivers. The end of violence toward children is a current goal in the international scenario. However, myths on the use of violence and the scope of parental rights still survive. Thus, I examine the main theoretical, ethical and political challenges regarding conceptual clear-cut boun- daries and the burden of proof when justifying violence. Finally, I defend the role of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Narrative identity as a theory of practical subjectivity. An essay on reconstruction of Paul Ricœur’s theory. T. - 2012 - Russian Sociological Review 11 (2):100-121.
    The concept of personal identity is one of the most sensitive questions in Paul Ricoeur’s oeuvre. In this article we show what makes originality of Ricoeur’s conception of narrative identity by analyzing the way it is presented in Oneself as Another and by pointing out the difference between the ricoeurian concept and the concept of narrative identity, introduced by Alasdair MacIntyre. For this reason we would like to focus on the analysis of configuration and refiguration, studied by Ricoeur in his (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • 10 Individual choice and social exclusion.Julian Le Grand - 2004 - In Keith Dowding, Robert E. Goodin & Carole Pateman (eds.), Justice and Democracy: Essays for Brian Barry. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • (1 other version)Self-Awareness: Issues in Classical Indian and Contemporary Western Philosophy.Matthew D. Mackenzie - 2004 - Dissertation, University of Hawai'i
    In this dissertation I critically engage and draw insights from classical Indian, Anglo-American, phenomenological, and cognitive scientific approaches to the topic of self-awareness. In particular, I argue that in both the Western and the Indian tradition a common and influential view of self-awareness---that self-awareness is the product of an act of introspection in which consciousness takes itself as an object---distorts our understanding of both self-awareness and consciousness as such. In contrast, I argue for the existence and primacy of pre-reflective self-awareness (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Why Not Just Ask? Preferences, “Empirical Ethics” and the Role of Ethical Reflection.Daniel M. Hausman - unknown
    Many questions concerning health involve values. How well is a health system performing? How should resources be allocated between the health system and other uses or among competing healthrelated uses? How should the costs of health services be distributed among members of a population? Who among those in need of transplants should receive scarce organs? What is the best way to treat particular patients? Although many kinds of expertise bear on these questions, values play a large role in answering them. (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Climate Economics and Normative Expertise.Kian Mintz-Woo - unknown
    I discuss three families of methodologies that could be used to assign values to the normative parameters relevant to social discounting in welfare economics generally, and climate economics more specifically. First, I argue that in particular circumstances, there cannot be philosophical argumentation for normative questions; specifically, this occurs when the particular values being sought are both non-critical and from a quantitative range. Second, I argue that social preferences are insufficient if we take the problem to be normative and that proposals (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • A Defence of Sentiments: Emotions, Dispositions, and Character.Hichem Naar - unknown
    Contemporary emotion research typically takes the phenomenon of emotion to be exhausted by a class of mental events that are intentional, conscious, and related to certain sorts of behaviour. Moreover, other affective phenomena, such as moods, are also considered to be relatively short-term, episodic, or occurrent states of the subject undergoing them. Emotions, and other putative emotional phenomena that common-sense takes as long-lasting, non-episodic, or dispositional are things that both philosophers and scientists sometimes recognise, but that are relatively neglected in (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • The Problem of Explaining Phenomenal Selfhood: A Comment on Thomas Metzinger's Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity.Kenneth Himma - 2005 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 11.
    Thomas Metzinger argues that phenomenal selves are appearances produced by the ongoing operations of a “self-model” that simulates, emulates, and represents aspects of the system’s states to itself – and not substantial things. In this essay, I explain the nature of phenomenal selfhood and then describe the most important problem that arises in connection with explaining phenomenal selfhood. I then argue that, by itself, the self-model theory of subjectivity lacks sufficient resources to wholly solve this problem and that Metzinger’s argument (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • ¿Consecuencias, de qué? Claves de la subsistencia del Utilitarismo.Francisco Lara - 2011 - Telos: Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios Utilitaristas 18 (1):105-125.
    Despite the strong criticisms to ethical utilitarianism, this theory has not succumbed and remains one of the most notorious. The main criticisms address to the consequentialist conception of right that underlies the theory. However,it has been such a conception of right that, at the same time, saved utilitarianism. The article set out the features and changes that, according to the author, are the causes to explain the subsistence of utilitarianism.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Why There Cannot Be Transitivity With Respect to Supervenient Properties.Ingmar Persson - 2006 - In Björn Haglund & Helge Malmgren (eds.), Kvantifikator För En Dag - Essays Dedicated to Dag Westerståhl on His Sixtieth Birthday. Philosophical Communications.
    This paper presents an argument to the effect that the relation of exact similarity with respect to properties that are supervenient cannot be transitive. The point of departure is that, while a difference in respect of supervenient properties entails a difference in respect of subvenient properties, exact similiarity in respect of supervenient properties is compatible with differences in respect of subvenient properties. It is logically possible that two such sets of differences that each individually is insufficient for a difference as (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Man Without Qualities. [REVIEW]Leslie Marsh - manuscript
    The question of how a physical system gives rise to the phenomenal or experiential (olfactory, visual, somatosensitive, gestatory and auditory), is considered the most intractable of scientific and philosophical puzzles. Though this question has dominated the philosophy of mind over the last quarter century, it articulates a version of the age-old mind-body problem. The most famous response, Cartesian dualism, is on Daniel Dennett’s view still a corrosively residual and redundant feature of popular (and academic) thinking on these matters. Fifteen years (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • What matters to a machine.Drew McDermott - 2011 - In Michael Anderson & Susan Leigh Anderson (eds.), Machine Ethics. Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 88--114.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Real freedom and distributive justice.Richard Arneson - unknown
    Here is a picture of a society that one might suppose to be ideally just in its distributive practices: All members of the society are equally free to live in any way that they might choose, and institutions are arranged so that the equal freedom available to all is at the highest feasible level. What, if anything, is wrong with this picture? One might object against the insistence on equal freedom for all and propose that freedom should instead be maximinned, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Metaphor between Embodiment and Imaginative Processes.Tiziana Giudice - 2008 - Anthropology and Philosophy 9 (1-2):42-57.
    In this paper I will analyse the relationship between metaphor and imagination. This issue has been recently studied by cognitive linguists who appreciate its importance, while other semantic perspectives neglect it. I will analyse the thesis which affirms that metaphors are based on cognitive components which are not logical-propositional but imaginative: the “image schemata” are recurrent models of corporeal experiences, centres of knowledge organization which structure – in a non-propositional form – an amount of salient information. This information emerges from (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Reflections on Equality, Value and Paradox.Saul Smilansky - 2015 - Res Cogitans 10 (1).
    I consider two difficulties which have been presented to egalitarianism: Parfit’s “Levelling Down Objection” and my “Paradox of the Baseline”. I show that making things worse for some people even with no gain to anyone is actually an ordinary and indeed necessary feature of our moral practice, yet nevertheless the LDO maintains its power in the egalitarian context. I claim that what makes the LDO particularly forceful in the case against egalitarianism is not the very idea of making some people (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Avec personne : Derek Parfit et la description impersonnelle de la réalité.Vincent Duhamel - 2011 - Ithaque 9:83-105.
    L'ouvrage Reasons and Persons de Derek Parfit a souvent été interprété par la critique comme une résurrection de la conception humienne de l'identité personnelle, qui pensait la personne comme un simple agrégat de perceptions. De féroces débats se sont concentrés autour de cette inteprétation de Reasons and Persons dans la mesure où elle tend vers un fictionnalisme à propos de l'existence des personnes que des commentateurs comme Sydney Shoemaker et Quassim Cassam pensent carrément intenable. Malmené par la critique, Parfit développera (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark