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A Theory of Justice

Oxford,: Harvard University Press. Edited by Steven M. Cahn (1971)

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  1. Parmenides as Secret Hero. Gregor Betz’s Theorie Dialektischer Strukturen : Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, 2010, 292 pp, ISBN: 978-3-465-03629-6, EUR 49.00.Frank Zenker - 2011 - Argumentation 25 (4):513-525.
    Parmenides as Secret Hero. Gregor Betz’s Theorie Dialektischer Strukturen (Theory of Dialectical Structures) Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10503-011-9213-z Authors Frank Zenker, Department of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Lund University, Kungshuset, Lundagård, 222 22 Lund, Sweden Journal Argumentation Online ISSN 1572-8374 Print ISSN 0920-427X.
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  • Against the Sociology of the Aesthetic.Nick Zangwill - 2002 - Cultural Values 6 (4):443-452.
    I defend traditional aesthetics against sociological criticism. I argue that “historicist” approaches are not supported by arguments and are intrinsically implausible. Hence the traditional ahistorical philosophical approach to the judgment of taste is justified. Many Marxist, feminist and postmodernist writers either eliminate aesthetic value or reduce it to their favourite political value. Others say that they merely want to give a historical explanation of the culturally local phenomenon of thinking in terms of the aesthetic. As a preliminary, I point out (...)
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  • The Relation between Sovereignty and Guilt in Nietzsche's Genealogy.Gabriel Zamosc - 2012 - European Journal of Philosophy 20 (S1):E107-e142.
    This paper interprets the relation between sovereignty and guilt in Nietzsche's Genealogy. I argue that, contrary to received opinion, Nietzsche was not opposed to the moral concept of guilt. I analyse Nietzsche's account of the emergence of the guilty conscience out of a pre-moral bad conscience. Drawing attention to Nietzsche's references to many different forms of conscience and analogizing to his account of punishment, I propose that we distinguish between the enduring and the fluid elements of a ‘conscience’, defining the (...)
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  • Theory of Planned Behavior and Ethics Theory in Digital Piracy: An Integrated Model. [REVIEW]Cheolho Yoon - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 100 (3):405 - 417.
    Since digital piracy has posed a significant threat to the development of the software industry and the growth of the digital media industry, it has, for the last decade, held considerable interest for researchers and practitioners. This article will propose an integrated model that combines the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and ethics theory, the two theories that are most often used in digital piracy studies. Data were obtained from university students in China, and the model was examined using the (...)
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  • Well-being, categorical deprivation and pleasure.Yossi Yonah - 2001 - Philosophia 28 (1-4):233-253.
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  • Well-being, categorical deprivation and the role of education.Yossi Yonah - 1994 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 28 (2):191–204.
    ABSTRACT“How should a person lead her life?” The purpose of this paper is to suggest some principles (not a complete list) which will serve us ‘intellectual instruments’ for assessing forms of life. These principles are utilitarian in nature, and, as I will argue, essential to a reasonably rich account of personal well-being. The principles suggested are not instrumental, that is, they determine the worthiness of a form of life led by an agent irrespective of whether it satisfies her existing desires (...)
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  • Aptitude testing is not an engine for equalising educational opportunity.Robert Wood - 1986 - British Journal of Educational Studies 34 (1):26-37.
    A recent article on education in China succeeded in giving a fresh tweak to the arguments concerning whether aptitude or achievement testing is more likely to promote equality of educational opportunity. In ‘The Diploma Disease’ Ronald Dore expounded the view that aptitude testing is to be preferred for selection purposes on the grounds that it gives more weight to ‘innate potential’ (his term) than does achievement testing which produces results more affected by quality of schooling, an influence which is all (...)
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  • Wrong Rights.Elizabeth Wolgast - 1987 - Hypatia 2 (1):25 - 43.
    An atomistic model of society leads us to address injustices in terms of individual rights, but rights are curious possessions and don't always give the protection that's needed. Examples are patient's rights, children's rights and a fetus's right to life, all of which go wrong because they assume that the subjects are independent and autonomous. This assumption often fails. Rights work where people are in a position to press them; for others they give only a caricature of justice.
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  • Disability, status enhancement, personal enhancement and resource allocation.Jonathan Wolff - 2009 - Economics and Philosophy 25 (1):49-68.
    It often appears that the most appropriate form of addressing disadvantage related to disability is through policies that can be called “status enhancements”: changes to the social, cultural and material environment so that the difficulties experienced by those with impairments are reduced, even eradicated. However, status enhancements can also have their limitations. This paper compares the relative merits of policies of status enhancement and “personal enhancement”: changes to the disabled person. It then takes up the question of how to assess (...)
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  • Value Based on Preferences.Wlodek Rabinowicz & Jan Österberg - 1996 - Economics and Philosophy 12 (1):1.
    What distinguishes preference utilitarianism from other utilitarian positions is the axiological component: the view concerning what is intrinsically valuable. According to PU, intrinsic value is based on preferences. Intrinsically valuable states are connected to our preferences being satisfied.
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  • A diagrammatic exposition of justice.Donald Wittman - 1979 - Theory and Decision 11 (2):207-237.
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  • Diversity: An Ethical Question with Competing Rationales.Mark Winston - 2014 - Journal of Information Ethics 23 (1):83-100.
    Diversity has been an articulated priority in library and information services for some time, with underrepresentation and recruitment having been central to diversity goals in the profession. However, among librarians, the level of representation of members of minority groups continues to be well below that of the population overall. The extent to which diversity efforts have been undertaken in libraries is not well-documented, as a part of the overall limited amount of original research in this area, thus providing little basis (...)
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  • Unjustified Discrimination: Is the Moratorium on the use of Genetic Test Results by Insurers a Contradiction in Terms? [REVIEW]Ruth Wilkinson - 2010 - Health Care Analysis 18 (3):279-293.
    This paper considers the legal position of genetic test results in insurance law in England and Wales. The strict position is that this information is material to the decision of the insurer to offer insurance cover and should be disclosed by insurance applicants. However, the British Government and the Association of British Insurers have agreed to a moratorium on the use of genetic test results in insurance, which will run until 2014. The moratorium prohibits unfavourable treatment of insurance clients on (...)
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  • The maintenance of behavioral diversity in human societies.Christopher Wills - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):638-639.
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  • Journalists and the character of public officials/figures.Lee Wilkins - 1994 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 9 (3):157 – 168.
    Political character, the dynamic intersection of personality and public performance within a cultural and historical context, is appropriately the subject of news reports. The article provides journalists with an ethical rationale for covering political character while acknowledging the human need for privacy and then outlines a set of characterrelated issues that journalists should explore. It concludes with the suggestion that journalists should once again begin to cover the public record of political figures in-depth and that this public record be linked (...)
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  • Eugenic Values.Daniel Wilker - 1998 - Science in Context 11 (3-4):455-470.
    The ArgumentEugenics is generally regarded as evil; but what was its sin? Racism, class bias, and violation of reproductive freedom, which tainted objectionable eugenic interventions, are not part of the core notion of eugenics. A number of candidates have been suggested as the wrong inherent in eugenics, ranging from statism to the impossibility of consensus on the ideal human being. It is most plausible to view eugenics as sharing moral dilemmas with much of public health, and the critical issues as (...)
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  • Christianity and evolutionary ethics: Sketch toward a reconciliation.Patricia A. Williams - 1996 - Zygon 31 (2):253-268.
    Evolutionary ethics posits the evolution of dispositions to love self, kin, and friend. Christianity claims that God's ethical demand is to love one's neighbor. I argue that the distance between these two positions can be interpreted theologically as original sin, the disposition to disobey God's command and practice self-love and nepotism rather than neighbor-love. Original sin requires Incarnation and Atonement to unite God and humanity. The ancient doctrine of the Atonement as educative does not invoke the Fall. Its revival may (...)
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  • Punishing 'Dirty Hands'—Three Justifications.Stephen Wijze - 2013 - Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 16 (4):879-897.
    Should those who get dirty hands be punished? There is strong disagreement among even those who support the existence of such scenarios. The problem arises because the paradoxical nature of dirty hands - doing wrong to do right - renders the standard normative justifications for punishment unfit for purpose. The Consequentialist, Retributivist and Communicative approaches cannot accommodate the idea that an action can be right, all things considered, but nevertheless also a categorical wrong. This paper argues that punishment is indeed (...)
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  • When Worlds Collide: Medicine, Business, the Affordable Care Act and the Future of Health Care in the U.S.Andrew C. Wicks & Adrian A. C. Keevil - 2014 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (4):420-430.
    Many observers claim that business has become a powerful force in medicine and that the future of health care cannot escape that reality, even though some scholars lament it. The U.S. recently experienced the most devastating recession since the Great Depression. As health care costs rise, we face additional pressure to rein in health care spending. We also have important new legislation that could well mark a significant shift in how health care is provided and who has access to care, (...)
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  • Self-respect, self-esteem and the 'management' of schools and colleges.Patricia White - 1987 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 21 (1):85–93.
    Patricia White; Self-respect, Self-esteem and the ‘Management’ of Schools and Colleges, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 21, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pag.
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  • Political Practices of Care: Needs and Rights.Julie A. White & Joan C. Tronto - 2004 - Ratio Juris 17 (4):425-453.
    In this paper the authors argue that the exploration of the nature of needs and rights should begin with the actually existing organization of care and of justice in society. The authors raise two key concerns with this organization: 1) the invisibility of care to some, and 2) the inaccessibility of rights to others. Recent work by care scholars has called attention to the ways the current organization of care work perpetuates the myth of self-sufficiency for some, while reducing others (...)
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  • Mutual Recognition and Rational Justification in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit.Kenneth R. Westphal - 2009 - Dialogue 48 (4):753-99.
    : This paper explicates and defends the thesis that individual rational judgment, of the kind required for justification, whether in cognition or in morals, is fundamentally socially and historically conditioned. This puts paid to the traditional distinction, still influential today, between ‘rational’ and ‘historical’ knowledge. The present analysis highlights and defends key themes from Kant’s and Hegel’s accounts of rational judgment and justification, including four fundamental features of the ‘autonomy’ of rational judgment and one key point of Hegel’s account of (...)
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  • Why Adopt a Maximin Theory of Exploitation?Alan Wertheimer, Joseph Millum & G. Owen Schaefer - 2010 - American Journal of Bioethics 10 (6):38-39.
    Angela Ballantyne (2010) argues that international research is exploitative when the transactions between researchers and participants who lack basic goods do not provide participants with the maxi...
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  • Social Constructivism, Mental Models, and Problems of Obedience.Patricia H. Werhane, Laura P. Hartman, Dennis Moberg, Elaine Englehardt, Michael Pritchard & Bidhan Parmar - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 100 (1):103 - 118.
    There are important synergies for the next generation of ethical leaders based on the alignment of modified or adjusted mental models. This entails a synergistic application of moral imagination through collaborative input and critique, rather than "me too" obedience. In this article, we will analyze the Milgram results using frameworks relating to mental models (Werhane et al., Profitable partnerships for poverty alleviation, 2009), as well as work by Moberg on "ethics blind spots'' (Organizational Studies 27(3): 413-428, 2006), and by Bazerman (...)
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  • Introduction: Compromising on Justice.Fabian Wendt - 2013 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 16 (4):475-480.
    Introductory text for the CRISPP-special issue and Routledge-book on "Compromising on Justice". Also includes a summary of the articles by Steven Wall, Robert B. Talisse, Sune Lægaard, Daniel Weinstock, Enzo Rossi and Fabian Wendt.
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  • Discharging the Duty to Conduct International Clinical Research.Danielle M. Wenner - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (11):44-46.
    Pratt, Zion, and Loff (2012) correctly point out that most international clinical research (ICR) is not intended to address the vast inequities in access to health care between developed and develo...
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  • Cognitive Models of Moral Decision Making.Wendell Wallach - 2010 - Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (3):420-429.
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  • Are Liberal Peoples Peaceful?Leif Wenar & Branko Milanovic - 2008 - Journal of Political Philosophy 17 (4):462-486.
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  • Equality and justice in education: Dewey and Rawls. [REVIEW]Betty A. Weitz - 1993 - Human Studies 16 (4):421 - 434.
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  • A bias of rationality.Paul Weirich - 1981 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 59 (1):31 – 37.
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  • A case for capital punishment.W. E. Cooper & John King-Farlow - 1989 - Journal of Social Philosophy 20 (3):64-76.
    We shall argue that there is adequate moral justification for capital punishment with linkage, that is, with linkage to keeping non-murderers from dying. We present the argument with two aims in mind. The first is to question the conventional wisdom, seldom challenged even by proponents of capital punishment, that being an abolitionist is closely connected to having a civilized respect for human life. This conventional wisdom, we hope to show, is somewhat off the mark. To this end we exhibit structural (...)
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  • Power inequalities.Albert Weale - 1976 - Theory and Decision 7 (4):297-313.
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  • Normative self-interest or moral hypocrisy?: The importance of context. [REVIEW]George W. Watson & Farooq Sheikh - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 77 (3):259 - 269.
    We re-examine the construct of Moral Hypocrisy from the perspective of normative self-interest. Arguing that some degree of self-interest is culturally acceptable and indeed expected, we postulate that a pattern of behavior is more indicative of moral hypocrisy than a single action. Contrary to previous findings, our results indicate that a significant majority of subjects (N = 136) exhibited fair behavior, and that ideals of caring and fairness, when measured in context of the scenario, were predictive of those behaviors. Moreover, (...)
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  • Constituting politics: Power, reciprocity, and identity.Lori Watson - 2007 - Hypatia 22 (4):96-112.
    : This essay considers whether liberal political theory has tools with which to count gender, and so gender relations, as political. Can liberal political theory count subordination among the harms of sex inequality that the state ought to correct? Watson defends a version of deliberative democracy—liberalism—as able to place issues of social inequality in the form of hierarchical social identities at the center of its normative commitments, and so at the center of securing justice.
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  • Beyond Unemployment? Schools and the Future of Work.A. G. Watts - 1987 - British Journal of Educational Studies 35 (1):3 - 17.
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  • Ambiguous Allure: The Value–Pragmatics Model of Ethical Decision Making.George W. Watson, Robyn A. Berkley & Steven D. Papamarcos - 2009 - Business and Society Review 114 (1):1-29.
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  • Computer Ethics and Neoplatonic Virtue.Giannis Stamatellos - 2011 - International Journal of Cyber Ethics in Education 1 (1):1-11.
    In normative ethical theory, computer ethics belongs to the area of applied ethics dealing with practical and everyday moral problems arising from the use of computers and computer networks in the information society. Modern scholarship usually approves deontological and utilitarian ethics as appropriate to computer ethics, while classical theories of ethics, such as virtue ethics, are usually neglected as anachronistic and unsuitable to the information era and ICT industry. During past decades, an Aristotelian form of virtue ethics has been revived (...)
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  • The Rule of Law in Contemporary Liberal Theory.Jeremy Waldron - 1989 - Ratio Juris 2 (1):79-96.
    Existing accounts of the Rule of Law are inadequate and require fleshing out. The main value of the ideal of rule of law for liberal political theory lies in the notion of predictability, which is essential to individual autonomy. The author examines this connection and argues that conservative theories of rule of law claim too much. Liberal theory equates the rule of law with legality, which is only one of the elements necessary for a just social order.
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  • The Particularities of Legitimacy: John Simmons on Political Obligation.Kevin Walton - 2013 - Ratio Juris 26 (1):1-15.
    In this paper, I examine the terms on which John Simmons rejects all arguments for a moral obligation to obey the law and so defends “philosophical anarchism.” Although I accept his rejection of several criteria on which others might and often do insist, I criticize his reliance on the conditions of “generality” and “particularity.” In doing so, I propose an alternative to his influential conception of legitimacy.
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  • Political morality and constitutional settlements.Steven Wall - 2013 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 16 (4):481-499.
    This paper presents a way of thinking about how to respond to the pluralism of modern societies that avoids any commitment to contractualist norms of political justification. The argument developed appeals to the notion of a constitutional settlement. Constitutional settlements are complex on-going social practices that both express certain values to which political societies are committed and establish procedures for resolving disputes among members of these societies. As such, they are a product of both moral commitment and the balance of (...)
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  • In defense of reflective equilibrium.Kenneth Walden - 2013 - Philosophical Studies 166 (2):243-256.
    Recent years have seen a rekindling of interest in the method of reflective equilibrium. Most of this attention has been suspicious, however. Critics have alleged that the method is nothing more than a high-minded brand of navel-gazing, that it suffers from all the classic problems of inward-looking coherence theories, and that it overestimates the usefulness of self-scrutiny. In this paper I argue that these criticisms miss their mark because they labor under crucial misconceptions about the method of reflective equilibrium. In (...)
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  • Diamond and Daniels on Medical Rationing.Walter Glannon - 1999 - Economics and Philosophy 15 (1):119-125.
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  • On the proper function of the moral philosopher: Kant and Rawls on theory and practice.Waddah N. Nasr - 1992 - Metaphilosophy 23 (1-2):172-179.
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  • Injustice in robes: Iniquity and judicial accountability.Raymond Wacks - 2009 - Ratio Juris 22 (1):128-149.
    The paper addresses the question of judges' moral responsibility in an unjust society. How is the "moral" judge to reconcile his perception of justice with a malevolent law? Upon what grounds might judges, and perhaps other public officials, be held morally responsible for their acts or omissions? Does a positivist approach yield a more satisfactory resolution than a natural law or Dworkinian analysis? Could inclusive positivism offer any clues as to how this quandary might be judiciously resolved?
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  • La justice par convention; signification philosophique de la doctrine de Rawls.Jules Vuillemin - 1987 - Dialectica 41 (1‐2):155-166.
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  • The ethical dimension of economic choices.Radu Vranceanu - 2005 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 14 (2):94–107.
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  • Towards a reasons-based pragmatic ethical framework.A. M. Viens - 2008 - American Journal of Bioethics 8 (4):41 – 43.
    Brendel and Miller (2008) take the most distinctive commitment in their pragmatic approach to be treating ethical principles as having a hypothetical status. I am sympathetic to a pragmatic approac...
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  • Metaphilosophical Criteria for Worldview Comparison.Clément Vidal - 2012 - Metaphilosophy 43 (3):306-347.
    Philosophy lacks criteria to evaluate its philosophical theories. To fill this gap, this essay introduces nine criteria to compare worldviews, classified in three broad categories: objective criteria (objective consistency, scientificity, scope), subjective criteria (subjective consistency, personal utility, emotionality), and intersubjective criteria (intersubjective consistency, collective utility, narrativity). The essay first defines what a worldview is and exposes the heuristic used in the quest for criteria. After describing each criterion individually, it shows what happens when each of them is violated. From the (...)
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  • Humanitarian intervention and the internal legitimacy problem.Richard Vernon - 2008 - Journal of Global Ethics 4 (1):37 – 49.
    Why should members of societies engaging in humanitarian intervention support the costs of that project? It is sometimes argued that only a theory of natural duty can require their support and that contractualist theories fail because they are exclusionary. This article argues that, on the contrary, natural duty is inadequate as a basis and that contractualism provides a basis for placing support for (justified) interventions among the duties of citizenship. The duty to support intervention is not, therefore, a competitor (of (...)
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  • Voluntary euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and the goals of medicine.Jukka Varelius - 2006 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 31 (2):121 – 137.
    It is plausible that what possible courses of action patients may legitimately expect their physicians to take is ultimately determined by what medicine as a profession is supposed to do and, consequently, that we can determine the moral acceptability of voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide on the basis of identifying the proper goals of medicine. This article examines the main ways of defining the proper goals of medicine found in the recent bioethics literature and argues that they cannot provide a (...)
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