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Broad Internationalism and the Moral Foundations of Sport

In William John Morgan (ed.), Ethics in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 51--66 (2007)

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  1. Against deep conventionalism.Eric Moore - 2018 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 45 (3):228-240.
    ABSTRACTWilliam Morgan presents two diametrically opposed normative conceptions of sport and athletic excellence from late nineteenth/early twentieth-century British and American athletes. He claims that this example shows that the normative theory of sport presented by broad internalism is false or at least inadequate. As an alternative, he presents the concept of deep conventions, which, he claims, can successfully adjudicate such normative disputes. I argue that Morgan’s counterexample is not nearly so decisive against broad internalism as it might seem and that (...)
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  • Questions of Athletic Excellence and Justice in Sport.Adam Berg - 2018 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 12 (3):292-303.
    This essay delineates and analyzes two kinds of questions that sport ethicists tend to ask: questions about athletic excellence and questions about justice. To pass ethical judgements when delving into questions concerning athletic excellence, sportspeople rely largely on a sport’s internal values, primary skills, or sport-specific athletic excellences. In contrast, questions about justice do not and should not include the reference or application of principles derived from the nature of a sport. Instead, sportspeople must refer to general theories, most often (...)
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  • On the Concept of Fair Competition Prevalent in Today’s European Soccer Leagues.Tamba Nlandu - 2018 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 12 (2):162-176.
    The notion of competition depicted in sport literature appears to be inconsistent with the goals of current European soccer competitions. This paper examines two misconceptions of fair competition which are prevalent in these competitions. First, it aims at refuting the view that professional soccer only requires some basic equality of chances beyond the differences in players’ skills and managers’ knowledge of game strategy. In other words, it refutes the view that professional soccer only demands a notion of fair competition understood (...)
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  • Consent, Context, and Obligations: A Response to Ciomaga.Steven Weimer - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (2):233-245.
    In his ‘Rules and Obligations,’ Bogdan Ciomaga defends a pluralist account of moral obligations to follow sport rules by arguing that no single explanation of such obligations will plausibly apply in multiple contexts. I dispute this claim by showing that consent generates rule-following obligations in a very wide variety of the contexts in which sports are played, including each of those Ciomaga cites in support of his pluralist account. The contractualist or consent-based theory of rule normativity therefore offers a substantially (...)
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  • Nothing New Under the Sun: Holism and the Pursuit of Excellence.Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza - 2014 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 8 (3):230-257.
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  • (2 other versions)Körper und Technologie. Beitrag zur bioethischen Sportdebatte.Ivana Zagorac - 2008 - Synthesis Philosophica 23 (2):283-295.
    Der Unterschied zwischen einem Spitzensportler früher und heute tritt an den Berührungspunkten zwischen der Kyborg-Theorie und verschiedenen Sportstudien am deutlichsten zutage. Eine Rekonzeptualisierung des Begriffs ,Sportler’ erweist sich demnach als eine Sinnerweiterung von ,natürlich’ zu ,künstlich’. Im Laufe der Geschichte wurden Spitzensportler stets als irgendwie ,un-natürlich’ empfunden und als Helden gefeiert, die die Beschränkungen ihres natürlichen Körpers überwanden. Sportveranstaltungen ziehen heute mehr Zuschauer in ihren Bann, als dies früher jemals der Fall war, und durch die scharfe Konkurrenz werden auch die (...)
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  • Game-Playing Without Rule-Following.A. J. Kreider - 2011 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 38 (1):55-73.
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  • Broad Internalism, Deep Conventions, Moral Entrepreneurs, and Sport.William J. Morgan - 2012 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 39 (1):65-100.
    My argument will proceed as follows. I will first sketch out the broad internalist case for pitching its normative account of sport in the abstract manner that following Dworkin’s lead in the philosophy of law its adherents insist upon. I will next show that the normative deficiencies in social conventions broad internalists uncover are indeed telling but misplaced since they hold only for what David Lewis famously called ‘coordinating’ conventions. I will then distinguish coordinating conventions from deep ones and make (...)
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  • Paying to Break the Rules: Compensation, Restitution and the Strategic Foul.Miroslav Imbrisevic - 2020 - FairPlay 18:44-72.
    Some philosophers of sport have suggested that strategic fouling is acceptable if you pay full compensation. In this paper I will argue that the idea of ‘compensation’ is conceptually inadequate to deal with strategic fouling. Compensation is a legal remedy designed to make the victim of a wrong whole again, i.e. make good the loss or harm they have suffered. But compensation as the analogon between law and games is ill-conceived when applied to strategic fouling. I will suggest another analogon (...)
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  • Is There a Normatively Distinctive Concept of Cheating in Sport (or anywhere else)?J. S. Russell - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (3):303-323.
    This paper argues that for the purposes of any sort of serious discussion about immoral conduct in sport very little is illuminated by claiming that the conduct in question is cheating. In fact, describing some behavior as cheating is typically little more than expressing strong, but thoroughly vague and imprecise, moral disapproval or condemnation of another person or institution about a wide and ill-defined range of improper advantage-seeking behavior. Such expressions of disapproval fail to distinguish cheating from many other types (...)
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  • A Grasshopperian Analysis of the Strategic Foul.Deborah P. Vossen - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (3):325-346.
    The question of acceptability in respect to the strategic foul in sport has provoked a rich and seemingly irreconcilable dispute with normative theorists currently divided amongst three schools of thought including formalism, conventionalism and interpretivism. In this paper, I seek to transcend the three-way intellectual stalemate portrayed in the literature via a consideration as to whether or not the strategic foul qualifies as ‘Utopian’. More specifically, after demonstrating that Bernard Suits’ theory of game-playing is fully capable of embracing all three (...)
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  • Philosophy and Democracy.Does Globalization Threaten Democracy - 2008 - Bioethics and New Epoch 46 (2).
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  • Adversarial Argument, Belief Change, and Vulnerability.Moira Howes & Catherine Hundleby - 2021 - Topoi 40 (5):859-872.
    When people argue, they are vulnerable to unwanted and costly changes in their beliefs. This vulnerability motivates the position that belief involuntarism makes argument inherently adversarial, as well as the development of alternatives to adversarial argumentation such as “invitational rhetoric”. The emphasis on involuntary belief change in such accounts, in our perspective, neglects three dimensions of arguing: the diversity of arguer intentions, audience agency, and the benefits of belief change. The complex impact of arguments on both audiences and arguers involves (...)
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  • Spilled milk and burned toast: extrinsic pressure and sporting excellence.Christopher Johnson & Jason Taylor - 2021 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 48 (2):202-218.
    ABSTRACT This paper explores the dynamics of extrinsic pressure in sport and its relation to athletic excellence. We argue that psychological pressure exerted by activities extrinsic to sport can be relevant to success or failure in it, such that how one manages extrinsic pressures can transmit to failure to perform in sport and thus be a determinant to victory, with no reason to think failure mitigated by the non-sporting nature of one’s other behaviour. To make this argument we offer a (...)
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  • Toward a shallow interpretivist model of sport.Sinclair A. MacRae - 2017 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 44 (3):285-299.
    Deep ethical interpretivism has been the standard view of the nature of sport in the philosophy of sport for the past seventeen years or so. On this account excellence assumes the role of the foundational, ethical goal that justice assumes in Ronald Dworkin’s interpretivist model of law. However, since excellence in sports is not an ethical value, and since it should not be regarded as an ultimate goal, the case for the traditional account fails. It should be replaced by the (...)
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  • Strategic fouling and sport as play.J. S. Russell - 2017 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 11 (1):26-39.
    This essay argues that defences of strategic fouling in sport are enriched and supported by better recognizing the role of play in sport. A common characteristic of play is its disengagement from the everyday, in particular its moral disengagement. If sport in its best manifestations is a species of play, then we should expect to find some moral disengagement there. And indeed we do in a variety of ways. Strategic fouling affords a useful example to illustrate and support this claim (...)
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  • Competition, cooperation, and an adversarial model of sport.Sinclair A. MacRae - 2018 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 45 (1):53-67.
    In this paper, I defend a general theory of competition and contrast it with a corresponding general theory of cooperation. I then use this analysis to critique mutualism. Building on the work of Arthur Applbaum and Joseph Heath I develop an alternative adversarial model of competitive sport, one that helps explain and is partly justified by shallow interpretivism, and argue that this model helps shows that the claim that mutualism provides us with the most defensible ethical ideal of sport is (...)
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  • 7—Riding The Wind—Consummate Performance, Phenomenology, and Skillful Fluency.Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza - 2014 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 8 (4):374-419.
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  • Limitations of the Sport-Law Comparison.J. S. Russell - 2011 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 38 (2):254-272.
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  • Sport, moral interpretivism, and football's voluntary suspension of play norm.Alun R. Hardman - 2009 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 3 (1):49-65.
    In recent years it has become increasingly the norm in football1 to kick the ball out of play when a player is, or appears to be, inadvertently injured. Kicking the ball out of play in football represents a particular instantiation of a generally understood fair play norm, the voluntary suspension of play (VSP). In the philosophical literature, support for the VSP norm is provided by John Russell (2007) who claims that his interpretivist account of sport is helpful for evaluating complex (...)
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  • A Philosophy of Physical Education Oriented toward the Game as an Object. Showing the Inexhaustible Reality of Games through Bernard Suits’ Theory.Wenceslao Garcia-Puchades & Oscar Chiva-Bartoll - 2020 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 14 (2):192-205.
    Although a large number of theories justify the presence of games in school, all of them converge in two of the educational functions described by Biesta, socialization and qualification. In contra...
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  • (1 other version)The Body and Technology. A Contribution to the Bioethical Debate on Sport.Ivana Zagorac - 2008 - Synthesis Philosophica 23 (2):283-295.
    The differences between the image of top athletes in history and those today could meet at the intersection between cyborg theory and sport studies. The reconceptualisation of athletes could at first be viewed as a shift from the “natural” to the “artificial”. Throughout history top athletes have always been considered to be somehow unnatural, and have always been celebrated as heroes who have overcome the boundaries of their natural bodies. Today’s sports events have been attracting more viewers than ever before, (...)
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  • What Is Wrong With Playing High?Cesar R. Torres - 2009 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 36 (1):1-21.
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  • Furthering Interpretivism’s Integrity: Bringing Together Ethics and Aesthetics.Cesar R. Torres - 2012 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 39 (2):299-319.
    One important limitation of the current renditions of interpretivism is that its emphasis on the moral dimension of sport has overlooked the aesthetic dimension lying at the core of this account of sport. The interpretivist’s failure to acknowledge and consider the aesthetic implicitly distances this realm from the moral. Marcia Muelder Eaton calls this distancing the separatist mistake. This paper argues that interpretivism presupposes not only moral but also aesthetic principles and values. What it sets out to demonstrate is that (...)
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  • Autonomous Authorization of Deception in Sport.Steven Weimer - 2016 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 43 (2):179-198.
    Two recent articles in this journal – one by Morris, the other by Pfleegor & Rosenberg – have revived the philosophical discussion of the ethics of deception in sport which had largely laid dormant since the 1973 publication of Pearson’s ‘Deception, Sportsmanship, and Ethics’. Morris and Pfleegor & Rosenberg both share with Pearson the view that ethical deceptive sport acts are those that relate to sport-specific skills. However, whereas Pearson ultimately grounds this view in the agreement she takes to obtain (...)
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  • Internalism and external moral evaluation of violent sport.Nicholas Dixon - 2016 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 43 (1):101-113.
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  • (1 other version)The Ethics of Pitcher Retaliation in Baseball.Sean McAleer - 2009 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 36 (1):50-65.
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  • Consent and Right Action in Sport.Steven Weimer - 2012 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 39 (1):11-31.
    This paper argues that recent treatments of ethics in sport have accorded too much importance to the promotion and portrayal of a sport’s excellences, and too little to the consent of participants First, I consider and reject a fundamental challenge to the idea that consent should play a central role in determining the morality of action in sport – namely, Sean McAleer’s argument to the effect that consent is incapable of rendering normally impermissible actions permissible in sport. I then offer (...)
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  • (1 other version)The Ethics of Pitcher’s Retaliation in Baseball.Sean McAleer - 2009 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 36 (2009) 36 (1):50-65.
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  • The Desirability of the Season Long Tournament: A Response to Finn.Cesar R. Torres & Peter F. Hager - 2011 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 38 (1):39-54.
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  • Breaking it or Faking it? Some Critical Thoughts on the Voluntary Suspension of Play and Six Proposed Revisions.Stephen Mumford - 2010 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 4 (3):254-268.
    The voluntary suspension of play is a putative fair play norm that has emerged in the last 20 years in association football, though there is no reason in principle why it is limited to that sport. It occurs in football when an injury appears to have been sustained and another player deliberately puts the ball out of play so that the injury can receive rapid attention. It is widely understood as a positive development within the sport and philosophers have added (...)
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  • Conventionalism defended: a reply to Moore.William Morgan - 2019 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 46 (1):98-107.
    ABSTRACTIn a recent article in this Journal, Eric Moore criticized an earlier essay of mine published in this same Journal on two fronts. On the first, he criticized my criticisms of broad internalism for relying on abstract moral principles too far removed from the practice of sport to adjudicate normative conflicts in which disputants cannot agree on what is the purpose of sport. On the second front, he criticized my reliance on what he called Rorty’s “controversial” views of truth and (...)
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  • A Response to the Special Issue Contributors.William J. Morgan - 2018 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 12 (4):468-488.
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  • Book Symposium. Steffen Borge, The Philosophy of Football.Steffen Borge, William J. Morgan, Murray Smith & Brian Weatherson - 2022 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 16 (3):333-396.
    This is a book symposium on Steffen Borge’s The Philosophy of Football. It has contributions from William Morgan, Murray Smith and Brian Weatherson with replies from Borge.
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