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Minds and brains without programs

In Colin Blakemore & Susan Greenfield (eds.), Mindwaves: Thoughts on Intelligence, Identity, and Consciousness. Blackwell (1987)

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  1. A Cartesian critique of the artificial intelligence.Rajakishore Nath - 2010 - Philosophical Papers and Review 3 (2):27-33.
    This paper deals with the philosophical problems concerned with research in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular with problems arising out of claims that AI exhibits ‘consciousness’, ‘thinking’ and other ‘inner’ processes and that they simulate human intelligence and cognitive processes in general. The argument is to show how Cartesian mind is non-mechanical. Descartes’ concept of ‘I think’ presupposes subjective experience, because it is ‘I’ who experiences the world. Likewise, Descartes’ notion of ‘I’ negates the notion of computationality (...)
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  • Consciousness, not only intentionality, yields self-harming behavior.Reinhard Tschiesner & Demis Basso - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
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  • Turing Machines and Semantic Symbol Processing: Why Real Computers Don’t Mind Chinese Emperors.Richard Yee - 1993 - Lyceum 5 (1):37-59.
    Philosophical questions about minds and computation need to focus squarely on the mathematical theory of Turing machines (TM's). Surrogate TM's such as computers or formal systems lack abilities that make Turing machines promising candidates for possessors of minds. Computers are only universal Turing machines (UTM's)—a conspicuous but unrepresentative subclass of TM. Formal systems are only static TM's, which do not receive inputs from external sources. The theory of TM computation clearly exposes the failings of two prominent critiques, Searle's Chinese room (...)
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  • Epi-arguments for epiphenomenalism.Bruce Mangan - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):689-690.
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  • Reasons for doubting the existence of even epiphenomenal consciousness.Georges Rey - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):691-692.
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  • No conscious or co-conscious?Graham F. Wagstaff - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):700-700.
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  • Epiphenomenalism and the reduction of experience.Valerie Gray Hardcastle - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):680-680.
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  • Consciousness and content in learning: Missing or misconceived?Richard A. Carlson - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):673-674.
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  • On the premature demise of causal functions for consciousness in human information processing.Dale Dagenbach - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):675-675.
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  • "Consciousness". Selected Bibliography 1970 - 2004.Thomas Metzinger - unknown
    This is a bibliography of books and articles on consciousness in philosophy, cognitive science, and neuroscience over the last 30 years. There are three main sections, devoted to monographs, edited collections of papers, and articles. The first two of these sections are each divided into three subsections containing books in each of the main areas of research. The third section is divided into 12 subsections, with 10 subject headings for philosophical articles along with two additional subsections for articles in cognitive (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Goodbye to Reductionism.Max Velmans - 1998 - In Hameroff S., Kaszniak A. & Scott Siera Aubrey Lee Scott (eds.), Towards a Science of Consciousness II: The Second Tucson Discussions and Debates. MIT Press. pp. 45-52.
    This paper argues that within consciousness studies, dualist vs. reductionist debates typically characterise experience in ways which do not correspond to ordinary experience, and that to understand consciousness one must start with an accurate description of its phenomenology. Only then can one develop an understanding of how experiences viewed from a first-person perspective relate to events in the brain viewed from a third-person perspective. The paper then lists some common arguments for conscious experiences (accurately described) being nothing more than brain (...)
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  • The emotional origins of social understanding.R. Peter Hobson - 1993 - Philosophical Psychology 6 (3):227 – 249.
    The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the origins of social understanding. Drawing upon philosophical writings, I highlight those features of affectively patterned interpersonal relations that are especially important for a very young child's growing awareness and knowledge of itself and other people as people with their own minds. If we were without our biologically based capacities for co-ordinated emotional relatedness with others, we should lack something essential for acquiring the concept of 'persons' who have subjective experiences and (...)
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  • The chinese room argument reconsidered: Essentialism, indeterminacy, and strong AI. [REVIEW]Jerome C. Wakefield - 2003 - Minds and Machines 13 (2):285-319.
    I argue that John Searle's (1980) influential Chinese room argument (CRA) against computationalism and strong AI survives existing objections, including Block's (1998) internalized systems reply, Fodor's (1991b) deviant causal chain reply, and Hauser's (1997) unconscious content reply. However, a new ``essentialist'' reply I construct shows that the CRA as presented by Searle is an unsound argument that relies on a question-begging appeal to intuition. My diagnosis of the CRA relies on an interpretation of computationalism as a scientific theory about the (...)
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  • (1 other version)Subsymbolic computation and the chinese room.David J. Chalmers - 1992 - In John Dinsmore (ed.), The Symbolic and Connectionist Paradigms: Closing the Gap. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 25--48.
    More than a decade ago, philosopher John Searle started a long-running controversy with his paper “Minds, Brains, and Programs” (Searle, 1980a), an attack on the ambitious claims of artificial intelligence (AI). With his now famous _Chinese Room_ argument, Searle claimed to show that despite the best efforts of AI researchers, a computer could never recreate such vital properties of human mentality as intentionality, subjectivity, and understanding. The AI research program is based on the underlying assumption that all important aspects of (...)
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  • Is human information processing conscious?Max Velmans - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):651-69.
    Investigations of the function of consciousness in human information processing have focused mainly on two questions: (1) where does consciousness enter into the information processing sequence and (2) how does conscious processing differ from preconscious and unconscious processing. Input analysis is thought to be initially "preconscious," "pre-attentive," fast, involuntary, and automatic. This is followed by "conscious," "focal-attentive" analysis which is relatively slow, voluntary, and flexible. It is thought that simple, familiar stimuli can be identified preconsciously, but conscious processing is needed (...)
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  • Developing concepts of consciousness.Aaron Sloman - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):694-695.
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  • Evidence against epiphenomenalism.Ned Block - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):670-672.
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  • Searle's Chinese Box: Debunking the Chinese Room Argument. [REVIEW]Larry Hauser - 1997 - Minds and Machines 7 (2):199-226.
    John Searle's Chinese room argument is perhaps the most influential andwidely cited argument against artificial intelligence (AI). Understood astargeting AI proper – claims that computers can think or do think– Searle's argument, despite its rhetorical flash, is logically andscientifically a dud. Advertised as effective against AI proper, theargument, in its main outlines, is an ignoratio elenchi. It musterspersuasive force fallaciously by indirection fostered by equivocaldeployment of the phrase "strong AI" and reinforced by equivocation on thephrase "causal powers" (at least) equal (...)
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  • Consciousness may still have a processing role to play.Robert Van Gulick - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):699-700.
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  • Consciousness from a first-person perspective.Max Velmans - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):702-726.
    This paper replies to the first 36 commentaries on my target article on “Is human information processing conscious?” (Behavioral and Brain Sciences,1991, pp.651-669). The target article focused largely on experimental studies of how consciousness relates to human information processing, tracing their relation from input through to output, while discussion of the implications of the findings both for cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind was relatively brief. The commentaries reversed this emphasis, and so, correspondingly, did the reply. The sequence of topics (...)
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  • Bemerkungen zum verhältnis zwischen neurophysiologie und psychologie.Arno Ros - 1996 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 27 (1):91 - 130.
    Remarks on the Relations between Neurophysiology and Psychology. In the last decades of Analytical Philosophy, contributions to the so-called mind-body-problem have been suffering by several serious methodological misunderstandings: they have failed, for instance, to distinguish between explanations of particular and strictly general ("necessary") properties and between two important senses of existential statements; and they have overlooked the role conceptual explanations play in the development of science. Changing our methodological premisses, we should be able to put questions like that of the (...)
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  • How could conscious experiences affect brains?Max Velmans - 2002 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 9 (11):3-29.
    In everyday life we take it for granted that we have conscious control of some of our actions and that the part of us that exercises control is the conscious mind. Psychosomatic medicine also assumes that the conscious mind can affect body states, and this is supported by evidence that the use of imagery, hypnosis, biofeedback and other ‘mental interventions’ can be therapeutic in a variety of medical conditions. However, there is no accepted theory of mind/body interaction and this has (...)
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  • The problem of machine ethics in artificial intelligence.Rajakishore Nath & Vineet Sahu - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):103-111.
    The advent of the intelligent robot has occupied a significant position in society over the past decades and has given rise to new issues in society. As we know, the primary aim of artificial intelligence or robotic research is not only to develop advanced programs to solve our problems but also to reproduce mental qualities in machines. The critical claim of artificial intelligence advocates is that there is no distinction between mind and machines and thus they argue that there are (...)
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  • Dissociating consciousness from cognition.David Spiegel - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):695-696.
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  • Dream processing.David Foulkes - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):678-678.
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  • Consciousness, brain, and the physical world.Max Velmans - 1990 - Philosophical Psychology 3 (1):77-99.
    Dualist and Reductionist theories of mind disagree about whether or not consciousness can be reduced to a state of or function of the brain. They assume, however, that the contents of consciousness are separate from the external physical world as-perceived. According to the present paper this assumption has no foundation either in everyday experience or in science. Drawing on evidence for perceptual projection in both interoceptive and exteroceptive sense modalities, the case is made that the physical world as-perceived is a (...)
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  • Consciousness: Only introspective hindsight?Dan Lloyd - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):686-687.
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  • The processing of information is not conscious, but its products often are.George Mandler - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):688-689.
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  • A limitation of the reflex-arc approach to consciousness.J. Steven Reznick & Philip David Zelazo - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):692-692.
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  • Bemerkungen Zum Verhältnis Zwischen Neurophysiologie Und PsychologieRemarks on the relations between neurophysiology and psychology.Arno Ros - 1996 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 27 (1):91-130.
    Remarks on the Relations between Neurophysiology and Psychology. In the last decades of Analytical Philosophy, contributions to the so-called mind-body-problem have been suffering by several serious methodological misunderstandings: they have failed, for instance, to distinguish between explanations of particular and strictly general properties and between two important senses of existential statements; and they have overlooked the role conceptual explanations play in the development of science. Changing our methodological premisses, we should be able to put questions like that of the relation (...)
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  • Hydrocephalus and “misapplied competence”: Awkward evidence for or against?N. F. Dixon - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):675-676.
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  • Limits of preconscious processing.Albrecht Werner Inhoff - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):680-681.
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  • Attention is necessary for word integration.Geoffrey Underwood - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):698-698.
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  • Velmans's overfocused perspective on consciousness.Marcel Kinsbourne - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):682-683.
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  • The computational metaphor and environmentalism.John Nolan - 1992 - AI and Society 6 (1):50-61.
    The Computational Metaphor is an extremely influential notion, and more than any other trend has given rise to the field of Cognitive Science. Environmentalism is at present better formalised as a political movement than as a scientific paradigm, despite significant research by Gibson and his followers. This article attempts to address the difficult problem of synthesising these two apparently antagonistic research paradigms.
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  • Isn't the first-person perspective a bad third-person perspective?W. Schaeken & G. D'Ydewalle - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):692-693.
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  • Memory with and without recollective experience.John M. Gardiner - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):678-679.
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  • Consciousness is king of the neuronal processors.William A. MacKay - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):687-688.
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  • A curious coincidence? Consciousness as an object of scientific scrutiny fits our personal experience remarkably well.Bernard J. Baars - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):669-670.
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  • Conscious acts and their objects.Fred Dretske - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):676-677.
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  • Understanding awareness at the neuronal level.Christof Koch & Francis Crick - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):683-685.
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  • Consciousness: Limited but consequential.Timothy D. Wilson - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):701-701.
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  • Conscious influences in everyday life and cognitive research.Kenneth S. Bowers - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):672-673.
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  • Conscious functions and brain processes.Benjamin Libet - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):685-686.
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  • Damn! There goes that ghost again!Keith E. Stanovich - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):696-698.
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  • Getting the Ghost out of the Machine: A Review of Arnold Trehub's The Cognitive Brain. [REVIEW]Luciano Costa - 1994 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 1.
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  • Has consciousness a sharp edge?Robert A. M. Gregson - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):679-680.
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  • What is the relation between language and consciousness?Jeffrey A. Gray - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):679-679.
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  • A lawful first-person psychology involving a causal consciousness: A psychoanalytic solution.Howard Shevrin - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (4):693-694.
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