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  1. Out of control: Flourishing with carebots through embodied design.Anco Peeters - 2024 - In Giulio Mecacci, D. Amoroso, L. Cavalcante Siebert, D. Abbink, J. van den Hoven & F. Santoni de Sio (eds.), Research Handbook on Meaningful Human Control of Artificial Intelligence Systems. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 38-52.
    The increasing complexity and ubiquity of autonomously operating artificially intelligent (AI) systems call for a robust theoretical reconceptualization of responsibility and control. The Meaningful Human Control (MHC) approach to the design and operation of AI systems provides such a framework. However, in its focus on accountability and minimizing harms, it neglects how we may flourish in interaction with such systems. In this chapter, I show how the MHC framework can be expanded to meet this challenge by drawing on the ethics (...)
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  • Robot Technology for the Elderly and the Value of Veracity: Disruptive Technology or Reinvigorating Entrenched Principles?Seppe Segers - 2022 - Science and Engineering Ethics 28 (6):1-14.
    The implementation of care robotics in care settings is identified by some authors as a disruptive innovation, in the sense that it will upend the praxis of care. It is an open ethical question whether this alleged disruption will also have a transformative impact on established ethical concepts and principles. One prevalent worry is that the implementation of care robots will turn deception into a routine component of elderly care, at least to the extent that these robots will function as (...)
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  • Care-deficits and polarization: Why the time is ripe for a universal care conscription.Bouke de Vries - 2022 - Nursing Ethics 29 (3):709-718.
    A large share of countries is struggling to provide adequate care to their older populations. To deal with this challenge, philosopher Ingrid Robeyns has advocated legislation that requires (most) citizens to spend 1 year of their life providing dependency care. My aim of this contribution is to strengthen the case for this proposal, which I will refer to as a ‘universal care conscription’. I do so by defending this type of conscription against various alternative ways of addressing care-deficits that have (...)
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  • The concept of social dignity as a yardstick to delimit ethical use of robotic assistance in the care of older persons.Nadine Andrea Felber, Félix Pageau, Athena McLean & Tenzin Wangmo - 2021 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 25 (1):99-110.
    With robots being introduced into caregiving, particularly for older persons, various ethical concerns are raised. Among them is the fear of replacing human caregiving. While ethical concepts like well-being, autonomy, and capabilities are often used to discuss these concerns, this paper brings forth the concept of social dignity to further develop guidelines concerning the use of robots in caregiving. By social dignity, we mean that a person’s perceived dignity changes in response to certain interactions and experiences with other persons. In (...)
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  • Artificial intelligence for good health: a scoping review of the ethics literature.Jennifer Gibson, Vincci Lui, Nakul Malhotra, Jia Ce Cai, Neha Malhotra, Donald J. Willison, Ross Upshur, Erica Di Ruggiero & Kathleen Murphy - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-17.
    BackgroundArtificial intelligence has been described as the “fourth industrial revolution” with transformative and global implications, including in healthcare, public health, and global health. AI approaches hold promise for improving health systems worldwide, as well as individual and population health outcomes. While AI may have potential for advancing health equity within and between countries, we must consider the ethical implications of its deployment in order to mitigate its potential harms, particularly for the most vulnerable. This scoping review addresses the following question: (...)
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  • Could robots strengthen the sense of autonomy of older people residing in assisted living facilities?—A future-oriented study.Jari Pirhonen, Helinä Melkas, Arto Laitinen & Satu Pekkarinen - 2020 - Ethics and Information Technology 22 (2):151-162.
    There is an urge to introduce high technology and robotics in care settings. Assisted living (AL) is the fastest growing form of older adults’ long-term care. Resident autonomy has become the watchword for good care. This article sheds light on the potential effects of care robotics on the sense of autonomy of older people in AL. Three aspects of the residents’ sense of autonomy are of particular interest: (a) interaction-based sense of autonomy, (b) coping-based sense of autonomy, and (c) potential-based (...)
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  • Value Sensitive Design to Achieve the UN SDGs with AI: A Case of Elderly Care Robots.Steven Umbrello, Marianna Capasso, Maurizio Balistreri, Alberto Pirni & Federica Merenda - 2021 - Minds and Machines 31 (3):395-419.
    Healthcare is becoming increasingly automated with the development and deployment of care robots. There are many benefits to care robots but they also pose many challenging ethical issues. This paper takes care robots for the elderly as the subject of analysis, building on previous literature in the domain of the ethics and design of care robots. Using the value sensitive design approach to technology design, this paper extends its application to care robots by integrating the values of care, values that (...)
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  • Ethics and risks between human and robotic interaction.Lin Yu & Shejiao Ding - 2019 - Interaction Studies 20 (1):134-147.
    Robot is definitely playing important role in human society. Low contact on machine standards is mostly on industrial robot while close contacts are in increasing demand in service robot, etc. The development of robotics with advanced hardware and artificial intelligence (AI) provide the possibility with human beings while close contacts raise many new issues on ethics and risks. For interaction, the related technique of perception, cognition and interaction are briefly introduced. For ethics, rules should be given for the robot designers (...)
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  • Bringing older people’s perspectives on consumer socially assistive robots into debates about the future of privacy protection and AI governance.Andrea Slane & Isabel Pedersen - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-20.
    A growing number of consumer technology companies are aiming to convince older people that humanoid robots make helpful tools to support aging-in-place. As hybrid devices, socially assistive robots (SARs) are situated between health monitoring tools, familiar digital assistants, security aids, and more advanced AI-powered devices. Consequently, they implicate older people’s privacy in complex ways. Such devices are marketed to perform functions common to smart speakers (e.g., Amazon Echo) and smart home platforms (e.g., Google Home), while other functions are more specific (...)
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  • More Process, Less Principles: The Ethics of Deploying AI and Robotics in Medicine.Amitabha Palmer & David Schwan - 2024 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 33 (1):121-134.
    Current national and international guidelines for the ethical design and development of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics emphasize ethical theory. Various governing and advisory bodies have generated sets of broad ethical principles, which institutional decisionmakers are encouraged to apply to particular practical decisions. Although much of this literature examines the ethics of designing and developing AI and robotics, medical institutions typically must make purchase and deployment decisions about technologies that have already been designed and developed. The primary problem facing medical (...)
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  • Ethical concerns with the use of intelligent assistive technology: findings from a qualitative study with professional stakeholders.Tenzin Wangmo, Mirjam Lipps, Reto W. Kressig & Marcello Ienca - 2019 - BMC Medical Ethics 20 (1):1-11.
    Background Advances in artificial intelligence, robotics and wearable computing are creating novel technological opportunities for mitigating the global burden of population ageing and improving the quality of care for older adults with dementia and/or age-related disability. Intelligent assistive technology is the umbrella term defining this ever-evolving spectrum of intelligent applications for the older and disabled population. However, the implementation of IATs has been observed to be sub-optimal due to a number of barriers in the translation of novel applications from the (...)
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  • Why visiting one’s ageing mother is not enough: on filial duties to prevent and alleviate parental loneliness.Bouke Https://Orcidorg de Vries - 2021 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24 (1):127-133.
    As people grow old, many risk becoming chronically lonely which is associated with e.g. depression, dementia, and increased mortality. Whoever else should help to protect them from this risk, various philosophers have argued that any children that they might have will often be among them. Proceeding on this assumption, this article considers what filial duties to protect ageing parents from loneliness consist of, or might consist of. I develop my answer by showing that a view that may be intuitively plausible, (...)
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  • Ethics of socially assistive robots in aged-care settings: a socio-historical contextualisation.Tijs Vandemeulebroucke, Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé & Chris Gastmans - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (2):128-136.
    Different embodiments of technology permeate all layers of public and private domains in society. In the public domain of aged care, attention is increasingly focused on the use of socially assistive robots (SARs) supporting caregivers and older adults to guarantee that older adults receive care. The introduction of SARs in aged-care contexts is joint by intensive empirical and philosophical research. Although these efforts merit praise, current empirical and philosophical research are still too far separated. Strengthening the connection between these two (...)
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  • Socially Assistive Robots in Aged Care: Ethical Orientations Beyond the Care-Romantic and Technology-Deterministic Gaze.Tijs Vandemeulebroucke, Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé & Chris Gastmans - 2021 - Science and Engineering Ethics 27 (2):1-20.
    Socially Assistive Robots are increasingly conceived as applicable tools to be used in aged care. However, the use carries many negative and positive connotations. Negative connotations come forth out of romanticized views of care practices, disregarding their already established technological nature. Positive connotations are formulated out of techno-deterministic views on SAR use, presenting it as an inevitable and necessary next step in technological development to guarantee aged care. Ethical guidance of SAR use inspired by negative connotations tends to be over-restrictive (...)
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  • Increasing efficiency and well-being? a systematic review of the empirical claims of the double-benefit argument in socially assistive devices.Jochen Vollmann, Christoph Strünck, Annika Lucht & Joschka Haltaufderheide - 2023 - BMC Medical Ethics 24 (1):1-14.
    BackgroundSocially assistive devices (care robots, companions, smart screen assistants) have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. One of the most prevalent arguments in the debate is the double-benefit argument claiming that socially assistive devices may not only provide benefits for autonomy and well-being of their users but might also be more efficient than other caring practices and might help to mitigate scarce resources in healthcare. Against this background, we (...)
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  • Socially Assistive Devices in Healthcare–a Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence from an Ethical Perspective.Jochen Vollmann, Christoph Strünck, Annika Lucht & Joschka Haltaufderheide - 2023 - Science and Engineering Ethics 29 (1):1-23.
    Socially assistive devices such as care robots or companions have been advocated as a promising tool in elderly care in Western healthcare systems. Ethical debates indicate various challenges. An important part of the ethical evaluation is to understand how users interact with these devices and how interaction influences users’ perceptions and their ability to express themselves. In this review, we report and critically appraise findings of non-comparative empirical studies with regard to these effects from an ethical perspective.Electronic databases and other (...)
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  • “Oh, Dignity too?” Said the Robot: Human Dignity as the Basis for the Governance of Robotics.Lexo Zardiashvili & Eduard Fosch-Villaronga - 2020 - Minds and Machines 30 (1):121-143.
    Healthcare robots enable practices that seemed far-fetched in the past. Robots might be the solution to bridge the loneliness that the elderly often experience; they may help wheelchair users walk again, or may help navigate the blind. European Institutions, however, acknowledge that human contact is an essential aspect of personal care and that the insertion of robots could dehumanize caring practices. Such instances of human–robot interactions raise the question to what extent the use and development of robots for healthcare applications (...)
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  • Ethics of resuscitation for extremely premature infants: a systematic review of argument-based literature.Alice Cavolo, Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé, Gunnar Naulaers & Chris Gastmans - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (12):4-4.
    ObjectiveTo present (1) the ethical concepts related to the debate on resuscitation of extremely premature infants (EPIs) as they are described in the ethical literature; and (2) the ethical arguments based on these concepts.DesignWe conducted a systematic review of the ethical literature. We selected articles based on the following predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria: (1) English language articles (2) presenting fully elaborated ethical arguments (3) on resuscitation (4) of EPIs, that is, infants born before 28 weeks of gestation.AnalysisAfter repeated reading of articles, (...)
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  • Künstliche Emotion – Zum ethischen Umgang mit Gefühlen zwischen Mensch und Technik.Arne Manzeschke & Galia Assadi - 2023 - Ethik in der Medizin 35 (2):201-219.
    Zusammenfassung Der Diskurs um emotions- und soziosensitive Roboter in der Pflege kann aktuell eher als Ausdruck eines technologischen Solutionismus interpretiert werden, denn als realitätsgerechte Beschreibung des pflegerischen Alltags. Aus ethischer Perspektive ist demnach weniger drängend die Frage zu beantworten, wie die Systeme bzw. deren Einsatz aktuell konkret bewertet werden können, sondern welche Rolle dieser KI-gestützten Systemart in den Technikvisionen und -fiktionen zugeschrieben wird und welche normativen Aspekte bei der Entwicklung und dem Einsatz zukünftig Beachtung finden sollten. Dazu werden Elemente eines (...)
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  • Should higher-income countries pay their citizens to move to foreign care homes?Bouke de Vries - 2021 - Journal of Medical Ethics 47 (10):684-688.
    Faced with relatively old and ageing populations, a growing number of higher-income countries are struggling to provide affordable and decent care to their older citizens. This contribution proposes a new policy for dealing with this challenge. Under certain conditions, I argue that states should pay their citizens to move to foreign care homes in order to ease the pressure on domestic care institutions. This is the case if—but not necessarily only if— a significant proportion of resident citizens do not currently (...)
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  • Intelligent machines, care work and the nature of practical reasoning.Angus Robson - 2019 - Nursing Ethics 26 (7-8):1906-1916.
    Background: The debate over the ethical implications of care robots has raised a range of concerns, including the possibility that such technologies could disrupt caregiving as a core human moral activity. At the same time, academics in information ethics have argued that we should extend our ideas of moral agency and rights to include intelligent machines. Research objectives: This article explores issues of the moral status and limitations of machines in the context of care. Design: A conceptual argument is developed, (...)
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  • Embedding responsible innovation into R&D practices: A case study of socially assistive robot development.Dirk R. M. Lukkien, Henk Herman Nap, Minke ter Stal, Wouter P. C. Boon, Alexander Peine, Mirella M. N. Minkman & Ellen H. M. Moors - 2024 - Journal of Responsible Technology 19 (C):100091.
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