In recent years more and more scholars of early modern philosophy have come to acknowledge that our understanding of Descartes’s thought benefits greatly from consideration of his intellectual background. Research in this direction has taken off, but much work remains to be done. Dennis Des Chene offers a major contribution to this enterprise. This erudite book is the result of a very impressive body of research into a number of late Aristotelian scholastics, some fairly well known, such as Suárez, others (...) quite obscure. Two thirds of the book is devoted to the Aristotelians, with occasional references to Descartes; the last third focuses on Descartes, although there still much Aristotelian ground is covered. Des Chene indicates three major themes for his book: natural change and agency, the structure of material substance, and finality. (shrink)

Physiologia provides an accessible and comprehensive guide to late Aristotelian natural philosophy; with that context in hand, it offers new interpretations of major themes in Descartes’s natural philosophy.

De la notion de vie on pourrait dire ce que saint Augustin disait du temps : "Si personne ne me demande ce que c'est, je le sais; mais si on me le demande et que je veuille l'expliquer, je ne le sais plus." L'ouvrage s'efforce de saisir cette notion à travers les écrits des plus grands théoriciens de la vie, de l'Antiquité à l'aube de la biologie moderne. Il s'agit d'un guide de lecture et d'une gigantesque somme de textes - (...) plus de mille extraits d'ouvrages essentiels - commentés et critiqués dans une perspective historique, philosophique et scientifique. C'est aussi la tentative d'éclaircir, par l'histoire d'une notion, la philosophie sous-tendant les sciences biologiques actuelles. Hippocrate, Platon, Aristote et Galien ouvrent une réflexion systématique sur la vie. Leurs théories subsisteront jusqu'à la Renaissance, où la chimiatrie les conteste, et au XVIIe siècle où le mécanisme les remplace par une conception issue de la nouvelle physique (Von Helmont, Harvey, Descartes, Malebranche). Au siècle des Lumières, médecins et naturalistes (Boerhaave, Stahl, Bonnet, Bichat, entre autres) poursuivent la recherche en des voies diverses et parfois divergentes, mais sans parvenir à des résultats comparables à ceux qu'obtient la physique newtonienne à la même époque. Ce n'est qu'au XIXe siècle et au début du XXe que la biologie moderne trouve ses véritables pères fondateurs (Lamarck, Claude Bernard, Darwin, Mendel, Weismann, De Vries). L'ouvrage est composé d'un texte principal illustré par de nombreuses citations. Texte principal et citations sont différenciés typographiquement. Deux niveaux de lecture sont possibles, soit l'ensemble du texte et des citations, soit le seul texte principal qui forme un tout en lui-même. (shrink)

Dans ce livre, Malebranche expose sa philosophie à travers des entretiens avec un philosophe, un janséniste et un mandarin chinois. Il explore les différentes dimensions de la métaphysique, de la religion et de la mort et cherche à répondre aux questions fondamentales de l'existence. Tout étudiant en philosophie trouvera ce livre intéressant et instructif. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is (...) in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Explores the development of the ideas of evolutionary biology, particularly as affected by the increasing understanding of genetics and of the chemical basis of inheritance.

Philosophers have traditionally concentrated on the qualities that make human beings different from other species. In _Beast and Man_ Mary Midgley, one of our foremost intellectuals, stresses continuities. What makes people tick? Largely, she asserts, the same things as animals. She tells us humans are rather more like other animals than we previously allowed ourselves to believe, and reminds us just how primitive we are in comparison to the sophistication of many animals. A veritable classic for our age, _Beast and (...) Man_ has helped change the way we think about ourselves and the world in which we live. (shrink)

This volume examines the distinctive and important role played by humanism in the development of early modern philosophy. Focusing on individual authors as well as intellectual trends, this collection of essays aims to portray the humanist movement as an essential part of the philosophy of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.

Michael Hunter has done more than any single person since Thomas Birch to make the study of Robert Boyle convenient and enjoyable, and here, ably assisted by Edward B. Davis, he has put us all further in his debt with a compact and readable edition of the philosophically important Free Enquiry into the Notion of Nature.