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  1. (4 other versions)The Fixation of Belief.C. S. Peirce - 1877 - Popular Science Monthly 12 (1):1-15.
    “Probably Peirce’s best-known works are the first two articles in a series of six that originally were collectively entitled Illustrations of the Logic of Science and published in Popular Science Monthly from November 1877 through August 1878. The first is entitled ‘The Fixation of Belief’ and the second is entitled ‘How to Make Our Ideas Clear.’ In the first of these papers Peirce defended, in a manner consistent with not accepting naive realism, the superiority of the scientific method over other (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Epistemology Naturalized.W. V. Quine - 1969 - In Willard van Orman Quine (ed.), Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press.
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  • (4 other versions)Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?Edmund Gettier - 1963 - Analysis 23 (6):121-123.
    Edmund Gettier is Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. This short piece, published in 1963, seemed to many decisively to refute an otherwise attractive analysis of knowledge. It stimulated a renewed effort, still ongoing, to clarify exactly what knowledge comprises.
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  • (1 other version)Knowledge is Merely True Belief.Crispin Sartwell - 1991 - American Philosophical Quarterly 28 (2):157-165.
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  • (1 other version)Why knowledge is merely true belief.Crispin Sartwell - 1992 - Journal of Philosophy 89 (4):167-180.
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  • Sartwell's minimalist analysis of knowing.William G. Lycan - 1994 - Philosophical Studies 73 (1):1 - 3.
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  • Internalism and Externalism in Epistemology.William P. Alston - 1986 - Philosophical Topics 14 (1):179-221.
    Internalism restricts justifiers to what is "within" the subject. two main forms of internalism are (1) perspectival internalism (pi), which restricts justifiers to what the subject knows or justifiably believes, and (2) access internalism (ai), which restricts justifiers to what is directly accessible to the subject. the two forms are analyzed and interrelated, and the grounds for each are examined. it is concluded that although pi is both unacceptable and without adequate support, a modest form of ai might be defended.
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  • (1 other version)Über das sogenannte Erkenntnisproblem [1908].Leonard Nelson - 1973 - In . Felix Meiner. pp. 59-393.
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  • Wissen und wahre meinung.Ansgar Beckermann - manuscript
    Wissen kann sich nicht in wahrer Meinung erschöpfen. Das ist ein in der Diskussion um ei- nen adäquaten Wissensbegriff fast einhellig akzeptierter Gemeinplatz. Der Grund dafür ist ein- fach und auf den ersten Blick einleuchtend. Unserem normalen Gebrauch des Wortes „Wissen“ zufolge würden wir von jemandem, der aufgrund bloßen Ratens zu der Überzeugung kommt, daß beim nächsten Spiel die Roulettekugel auf der Zahl 34 liegen bleibt, auch dann nicht sagen, er habe gewußt, daß es so kommen werde, wenn das Ergebnis (...)
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  • (2 other versions)35. epistemology naturalized.W. V. O. Quine - 2003 - In Steven Luper (ed.), Essential Knowledge: Readings in Epistemology. Longman. pp. 350.
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  • Epistemology.Peter D. Klein - 1996 - In Edward Craig (ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Genealogy to Iqbal. New York: Routledge.
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