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  1. Thinking, Fast and Slow.Daniel Kahneman - 2011 - New York: New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
    In the international bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, the renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive (...)
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  • The Complete Works: The Rev. Oxford Translation.Jonathan Barnes (ed.) - 1984 - Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
    The Oxford Translation of Aristotle was originally published in 12 volumes between 1912 and 1954. It is universally recognized as the standard English version of Aristotle. This revised edition contains the substance of the original Translation, slightly emended in light of recent scholarship three of the original versions have been replaced by new translations and a new and enlarged selection of Fragments has been added. The aim of the translation remains the same: to make the surviving works of Aristotle readily (...)
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  • A Response to Harman: Virtue Ethics and Character Traits: Discusions.Nafsika Athanassoulis - 2000 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 100 (2):215-221.
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  • Character.Joel J. Kupperman - 1991 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    Politicians, preachers, and ordinary people speak often of character; psychologists study `personality', used as a term of art with meanings close to `character'. Most ethical philosophers in the last two hundred years, on the other hand, have not had much to say about character. This book attempts to understand character and to refocus ethical philosophy so that character is central.
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  • Lack of Character: Personality and Moral Behavior.John M. Doris - 2002 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    This book is a provocative contribution to contemporary ethical theory challenging foundational conceptions of character that date back to Aristotle. John Doris draws on behavioral science, especially social psychology, to argue that we misattribute the causes of behavior to personality traits and other fixed aspects of character rather than to the situational context. More often than not it is the situation not the nature of the personality that really counts. The author elaborates the philosophical consequences of this research for a (...)
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  • The Normativity Challenge: Cultural Psychology Provides the Real Threat to Virtue Ethics.Jesse Prinz - 2009 - The Journal of Ethics 13 (2-3):117-144.
    Situationists argue that virtue ethics is empirically untenable, since traditional virtue ethicists postulate broad, efficacious character traits, and social psychology suggests that such traits do not exist. I argue that prominent philosophical replies to this challenge do not succeed. But cross-cultural research gives reason to postulate character traits, and this undermines the situationist critique. There is, however, another empirical challenge to virtue ethics that is harder to escape. Character traits are culturally informed, as are our ideals of what traits are (...)
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  • The Effect of Changed Data upon Reasoning.E. L. Thorndike - 1922 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 5 (1):33.
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  • Saint Thomas and the Transfer of Intellectual Skills.Vernon J. Bourke - 1941 - Modern Schoolman 18 (4):69-73.
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  • No Character or Personality.Gilbert Harman - 2003 - Business Ethics Quarterly 13 (1):87-94.
    Solomon argues that, although recent research in social psychology has important implications for business ethics, it does not undermine an approach that stresses virtue ethics. However, he underestimates the empirical threat to virtue ethics, and his a priori claim that empirical research cannot overturn our ordinary moral psychology is overstated. His appeal to seemingly obvious differences in character traits between people simply illustrates the fundamental attribution error. His suggestion that the Milgram and Darley and Batson experiments have to do with (...)
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  • Victims of Circumstances? A Defense of Virtue Ethics in Business.Robert C. Solomon - 2003 - Business Ethics Quarterly 13 (1):43-62.
    Abstract:Should the responsibilities of business managers be understood independently of the social circumstances and “market forces” that surround them, or (in accord with empiricism and the social sciences) are agents and their choices shaped by their circumstances, free only insofar as they act in accordance with antecedently established dispositions, their “character”? Virtue ethics, of which I consider myself a proponent, shares with empiricism this emphasis on character as well as an affinity with the social sciences. But recent criticisms of both (...)
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  • Moral Philosophy Meets Social Psychology: Virtue Ethics and the Fundamental Attribution Error.Gilbert Harman - 1999 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 99 (1999):315-331.
    Ordinary moral thought often commits what social psychologists call 'the fundamental attribution error '. This is the error of ignoring situational factors and overconfidently assuming that distinctive behaviour or patterns of behaviour are due to an agent's distinctive character traits. In fact, there is no evidence that people have character traits in the relevant sense. Since attribution of character traits leads to much evil, we should try to educate ourselves and others to stop doing it.
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  • Practical intelligence and the virtues.Daniel C. Russell - 2009 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This book develops an Aristotelian account of the virtue of practical intelligence or "phronesis"--an excellence of deliberating and making choices--which ...
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  • The Altruism Question: Toward a Social Psychological Answer.Charles Daniel Batson - 1991 - Lawerence Erlbaum.
    Are our efforts to help others ever driven solely by altruistic motivation, or is our ultimate goal always some form of self- benefit (egoistic motivation)? This volume reports the development of an empirically-testable theory of altruistic motivation and a series of experiments designed to test that theory. It sets the issue of egoism versus altruism in its larger historical and philosophical context, and brings diverse experiments into a single, integrated argument. Readers will find that this book provides a solid base (...)
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  • Against Moral Character Evaluations: The Undetectability of Virtue and Vice.Peter B. M. Vranas - 2009 - The Journal of Ethics 13 (2-3):213 - 233.
    I defend the epistemic thesis that evaluations of people in terms of their moral character as good, bad, or intermediate are almost always epistemically unjustified. (1) Because most people are fragmented (they would behave deplorably in many and admirably in many other situations), one's prior probability that any given person is fragmented should be high. (2) Because one's information about specific people does not reliably distinguish those who are fragmented from those who are not, one's posterior probability that any given (...)
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  • Character and consistency: Still more errors.Gopal Sreenivasan - 2008 - Mind 117 (467):603-612.
    This paper continues a debate among philosophers concerning the implications of situationist experiments in social psychology for the theory of virtue. In a previous paper (2002), I argued among other things that the sort of character trait problematized by Hartshorne and May's (1928) famous study of honesty is not the right sort to trouble the theory of virtue. Webber (2006) criticizes my argument, alleging that it founders on an ambiguity in "cross-situational consistency" and that Milgram's (1974) obedience experiment is immune (...)
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  • The indeterminacy paradox: Character evaluations and human psychology.Peter B. M. Vranas - 2005 - Noûs 39 (1):1–42.
    You may not know me well enough to evaluate me in terms of my moral character, but I take it you believe I can be evaluated: it sounds strange to say that I am indeterminate, neither good nor bad nor intermediate. Yet I argue that the claim that most people are indeterminate is the conclusion of a sound argument—the indeterminacy paradox—with two premises: (1) most people are fragmented (they would behave deplorably in many and admirably in many other situations); (2) (...)
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  • Errors about errors: Virtue theory and trait attribution.Gopal Sreenivasan - 2002 - Mind 111 (441):47-68.
    This paper examines the implications of certain social psychological experiments for moral theory—specifically, for virtue theory. Gilbert Harman and John Doris have recently argued that the empirical evidence offered by ‘situationism’ demonstrates that there is no such thing as a character trait. I dispute this conclusion. My discussion focuses on the proper interpretation of the experimental data—the data themselves I grant for the sake of argument. I develop three criticisms of the anti-trait position. Of these, the central criticism concerns three (...)
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  • Skepticism about Character Traits.Gilbert Harman - 2009 - The Journal of Ethics 13 (2-3):235 - 242.
    The first part of this article discusses recent skepticism about character traits. The second describes various forms of virtue ethics as reactions to such skepticism. The philosopher J.-P. Sartre argued in the 1940s that character traits are pretenses, a view that the sociologist E. Goffman elaborated in the 1950s. Since then social psychologists have shown that attributions of character traits tend to be inaccurate through the ignoring of situational factors. (Personality psychology has tended to concentrate on people's conceptions of personality (...)
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  • Empathy, social psychology, and global helping traits.Christian B. Miller - 2009 - Philosophical Studies 142 (2):247-275.
    The central virtue at issue in recent philosophical discussions of the empirical adequacy of virtue ethics has been the virtue of compassion. Opponents of virtue ethics such as Gilbert Harman and John Doris argue that experimental results from social psychology concerning helping behavior are best explained not by appealing to so-called ‘global’ character traits like compassion, but rather by appealing to external situational forces or, at best, to highly individualized ‘local’ character traits. In response, a number of philosophers have argued (...)
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  • Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character.Rachana Kamtekar - 2004 - Ethics 114 (3):458-491.
    In this article, I argue that the character traits conceived of and debunked by situationist social psychological studies have very little to do with character as it is conceived of in traditional virtue ethics. Traditional virtue ethics offers a conception of character far superior to the one under attack by situationism; in addition to clarifying the differences, I suggest ways in which social psychology might investigate character on the virtue ethics conception. Briefly, the so‐called character traits that the situationist experiments (...)
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  • Persons, situations, and virtue ethics.John M. Doris - 1998 - Noûs 32 (4):504-530.
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  • The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology.Jerry A. Fodor - 1983 - Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    One of the most notable aspects of Fodor's work is that it articulates features not only of speculative cognitive architectures but also of current research in ...
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  • The Nonexistence of Character Traits.Gilbert Harman - 2000 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 100 (2):223-226.
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  • The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. II. The estimation of magnitudes. [REVIEW]Edward L. Thorndike & R. S. Woodworth - 1901 - Psychological Review 8 (4):384-395.
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  • The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. (I).R. S. Woodworth & E. L. Thorndike - 1901 - Psychological Review 8 (3):247-261.
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  • “What's Character Got to Do with It?”. [REVIEW]Robert C. Solomon - 2007 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 71 (3):648-655.
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  • Replies: Evidence and Sensibility.John M. Doris - 2005 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 71 (3):656-677.
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  • (1 other version)Experimental Psychology.Robert S. Woodworth - 1940 - Mind 49 (193):63-72.
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  • Social psychology and virtue ethics.Christian Miller - 2003 - The Journal of Ethics 7 (4):365-392.
    Several philosophers have recently claimed to have discovered a new and rather significant problem with virtue ethics. According to them, virtue ethics generates certain expectations about the behavior of human beings which are subject to empirical testing. But when the relevant experimental work is done in social psychology, the results fall remarkably short of meeting those expectations. So, these philosophers think, despite its recent success, virtue ethics has far less to offer to contemporary ethical theory than might have been initially (...)
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  • Traits, consistency and conceptual alternatives for personality theory.William P. Alston - 1975 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 5 (1):17–48.
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  • Education Psychology: Briefer Course.Edward Lee Thorndike - 1999 - Routledge.
    First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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  • What’s Character Got to Do with It? [REVIEW]Robert C. Solomon - 2005 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 71 (3):648–655.
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  • Beyond déjà vu in the search for cross-situational consistency.Walter Mischel & Philip K. Peake - 1982 - Psychological Review 89 (6):730-755.
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  • Intellectual Memory in the Thomistic Theory of Knowledge.Vernon J. Bourke - 1941 - Modern Schoolman 18 (2):21-24.
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  • Virtue Ethics and Social Psychology.Julia Annas - 2003 - A Priori 2:20-34.
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  • (2 other versions)Educational Psychology.Edward L. Thorndyke - 1904 - The Monist 14:797.
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  • Relation of Interference to the Practice Effect of an Association.J. A. Bergstrom - 1894 - Philosophical Review 3:739.
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  • Habits and Virtues.George P. Klubertanz - 1965 - Philosophical Review 76 (2):237-238.
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  • (2 other versions)Educational Psychology.Edward L. Thorndike - 1904 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 1 (6):156-159.
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  • A note on the specialization of mental functions with varying content.Edward L. Thorndike - 1909 - Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 6 (9):239-240.
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  • (1 other version)The Psychology of Classical Training.Jaime Castiello - 1936 - Thought: Fordham University Quarterly 10 (4):632-654.
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  • (1 other version)The indispensability of character.Joel J. Kupperman - 2001 - Philosophy 76 (2):239-250.
    Gilbert Harman has argued that it does not make sense to ascribe character traits to people. The notion of morally virtuous character becomes particularly suspect. How plausible this is depends on how broad character traits would have to be. Views of character as entirely invariant behavioural tendencies offer a soft target. This paper explores a view that is a less easy target: character traits as specific to kinds of situation, and as involving probabilities or real possibilities. Such ascriptions are not (...)
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  • The Psychology of Habit in St. Thomas Aquinas.Jaime Castiello - 1936 - Modern Schoolman 14 (1):8-12.
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  • A humane psychology of education.Jaime Castiello - 1936 - New York,: Sheed & Ward.
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