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  1. What you cannot see can help you: The effect of exposure to unreportable stimuli on approach behavior.Joel Weinberger, Paul Siegel, Caleb Siefert & Julie Drwal - 2011 - Consciousness and Cognition 20 (2):173-180.
    We examined effects of exposure to unreportable images of spiders on approach towards a tarantula. Pretests revealed awareness of the stimuli was at chance. Participants high or low on fear of spiders were randomly assigned to receive computer-generated exposure to unreportable pictures of spiders or outdoor scenes. They then engaged in a Behavioral Approach Task with a live tarantula. Non-fearful participants completed more BAT items than spider-fearful individuals. Additionally, as predicted, a significant interaction = 5.12, p < .03) between fear (...)
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  • Automatically elicited fear: Conditioned skin conductance responses to masked facial expressions.Francisco Esteves, Ulf Dimberg & Arne öhman - 1994 - Cognition and Emotion 8 (5):393-413.
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  • Very brief exposure: The effects of unreportable stimuli on fearful behavior.Paul Siegel & Joel Weinberger - 2009 - Consciousness and Cognition 18 (4):939-951.
    A series of experiments tested the hypothesis that very brief exposure to feared stimuli can have positive effects on avoidance of the corresponding feared object. Participants identified themselves as fearful of spiders through a widely used questionnaire. A preliminary experiment showed that they were unable to identify the stimuli used in the main experiments. Experiment 2 compared the effects of exposure to masked feared stimuli at short and long stimulus onset asynchronies . Participants were individually administered one of three continuous (...)
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  • The cognitive unconscious.John F. Kihlstrom - 1987 - Science 237:1445-1452.
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  • Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal.Daniel Holender - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (1):1-23.
    When the stored representation of the meaning of a stimulus is accessed through the processing of a sensory input it is maintained in an activated state for a certain amount of time that allows for further processing. This semantic activation is generally accompanied by conscious identification, which can be demonstrated by the ability of a person to perform discriminations on the basis of the meaning of the stimulus. The idea that a sensory input can give rise to semantic activation without (...)
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  • The interaction of emotion and cognition: The relation between the human amygdala and cognitive awareness.Elizabeth A. Phelps - 2005 - In Ran R. Hassin, James S. Uleman & John A. Bargh (eds.), The New Unconscious. Oxford Series in Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 61-76.
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  • Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala.J. S. Morris, A. Ohman & Raymond J. Dolan - 1998 - Nature 393:467-470.
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  • A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder.Mark E. Bouton, Susan Mineka & David H. Barlow - 2001 - Psychological Review 108 (1):4-32.
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  • How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ?David C. McClelland, Richard Koestner & Joel Weinberger - 1989 - Psychological Review 96 (4):690-702.
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  • Fears, phobias and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning.Arne Öhman & Susan Mineka - 2001 - Psychological Review 108 (3):483-522.
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  • Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.Anthony G. Greenwald & Mahzarin R. Banaji - 1995 - Psychological Review 102 (1):4-27.
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  • Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach.Daniel L. Schacter - 1993 - In A. Collins, Martin A. Conway & P. E. Morris (eds.), Theories of Memory. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 387--412.
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