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  1. Familial patterns and the origins of individual differences in synaesthesia.Kylie J. Barnett, Ciara Finucane, Julian E. Asher, Gary Bargary, Aiden P. Corvin, Fiona N. Newell & Kevin J. Mitchell - 2008 - Cognition 106 (2):871-893.
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  • Lexical-gustatory synaesthesia: linguistic and conceptual factors.Jamie Ward & Julia Simner - 2003 - Cognition 89 (3):237-261.
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  • Synesthetic colors for Japanese late acquired graphemes.Michiko Asano & Kazuhiko Yokosawa - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (2):983-993.
    Determinants of synesthetic color choice for the Japanese logographic script, Kanji, were studied. The study investigated how synesthetic colors for Kanji characters, which are usually acquired later in life than other types of graphemes in Japanese language , are influenced by linguistic properties such as phonology, orthography, and meaning. Of central interest was a hypothesized generalization process from synesthetic colors for graphemes, learned prior to acquisition of Kanji, to Kanji characters learned later. Results revealed that color choices for Kanji characters (...)
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  • A systematic, large-scale study of synaesthesia: implications for the role of early experience in lexical-colour associations.Anina N. Rich, John L. Bradshaw & Jason B. Mattingley - 2005 - Cognition 98 (1):53-84.
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  • The phenomenology of synaesthesia.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Edward M. Hubbard - 2003 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (8):49-57.
    This article supplements our earlier paper on synaesthesia published in JCS (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001a). We discuss the phenomenology of synaesthesia in greater detail, raise several new questions that have emerged from recent studies, and suggest some tentative answers to these questions.
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  • Some demographic and socio-cultural aspects of synesthesia.Sean Day - 2005 - In Robertson, C. L. & N. Sagiv (eds.), Synesthesia: Perspectives From Cognitive Neuroscience. Oxford University Press.
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  • Varieties of grapheme-colour synaesthesia: A new theory of phenomenological and behavioural differences.Jamie Ward, Ryan Li, Shireen Salih & Noam Sagiv - 2006 - Consciousness and Cognition 16 (4):913-931.
    Recent research has suggested that not all grapheme-colour synaesthetes are alike. One suggestion is that they can be divided, phenomenologically, in terms of whether the colours are experienced in external or internal space. Another suggestion is that they can be divided according to whether it is the perceptual or conceptual attributes of a stimulus that is critical. This study compares the behavioural performance of 7 projector and 7 associator synaesthetes. We demonstrate that this distinction does not map on to behavioural (...)
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  • Synaesthesia -- A window into perception, thought and language.V. Ramachandran & E. Hubbard - 2001 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 8 (12):3-34.
    We investigated grapheme-colour synaesthesia and found that The induced colours led to perceptual grouping and pop-out, a number rendered invisible through 'crowding' or lateral masking can induce synaesthetic colours -- a form of blindsight -- and peripherally presented graphemes did not induce colours even when they were clearly visible. Taken collectively, these and other experiments prove conclusively that synaesthesia is a genuine perceptual phenomenon, not an effect based on memory associations from childhood or on vague metaphorical speech. We identify different (...)
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  • Inquiries into human Faculty and its developpement.F. Galton - 1883 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 16:534-537.
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  • The experimental development of color-tone synesthesia.T. H. Howells - 1944 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 34 (2):87.
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  • Enhanced dimension-specific visual working memory in grapheme-color synesthesia.D. B. Terhune, O. A. Wudarczyk, P. Kochuparampil & R. C. Kadosh - 2013 - Cognition 129 (1):123-137.
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  • Swimming-style synesthesia.Danko Nikolić, Uta M. Jürgens, Nicolas Rothen, Beat Meier & Aleksandra Mroczko - 2011 - Cortex 47 (7):874-879.
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  • Grape expectations: The role of cognitive influences in color–flavor interactions.Maya U. Shankar, Carmel A. Levitan & Charles Spence - 2010 - Consciousness and Cognition 19 (1):380-390.
    Color conveys critical information about the flavor of food and drink by providing clues as to edibility, flavor identity, and flavor intensity. Despite the fact that more than 100 published papers have investigated the influence of color on flavor perception in humans, surprisingly little research has considered how cognitive and contextual constraints may mediate color–flavor interactions. In this review, we argue that the discrepancies demonstrated in previously-published color–flavor studies may, at least in part, reflect differences in the sensory expectations that (...)
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  • What is the relationship between synaesthesia and visuo-spatial number forms?Noam Sagiv, Julia Simner, James Collins, Brian Butterworth & Jamie Ward - 2006 - Cognition 101 (1):114-28.
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  • Association (II.).Mary Whiton Calkins - 1896 - Psychological Review 3 (1):32-49.
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  • Synesthetic colors are elicited by sound quality in Japanese synesthetes.Michiko Asano & Kazuhiko Yokosawa - 2011 - Consciousness and Cognition 20 (4):1816-1823.
    Determinants of synesthetic color choice for Japanese phonetic characters were studied in six Japanese synesthetes. The study used Hiragana and Katakana characters, which represent the same set of syllables although their visual forms are dissimilar. From a palette of 138 colors, synesthetes selected a color corresponding to each character. Results revealed that synesthetic color choices for Hiragana characters and those for their Katakana counterparts were remarkably consistent, indicating that color selection depended on character-related sounds and not visual form. This Hiragana–Katakana (...)
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  • Synesthesia and number cognition in children.Jennifer A. K. Green & Usha Goswami - 2008 - Cognition 106 (1):463-473.
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  • Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences.J. Simner, C. Mulvenna, N. Sagiv, E. Tsakanikos, S. A. Witherby, C. Fraser, K. Scott & J. Ward - 2006 - Perception 35 (8):1024-33.
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  • Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia.Edward M. Hubbard & Vilayanur S. Ramachandran - 2005 - Neuron 48 (3):509-520.
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  • Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia.Vilayanur S. Ramachandran & Edward M. Hubbard - 2001 - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 268:979-983.
    We studied two otherwise normal, synaesthetic subjects who `saw' a speci¢c colour every time they saw a speci¢c number or letter. We conducted four experiments in order to show that this was a genuine perceptual experience rather than merely a memory association. (i)The synaesthetically induced colours could lead to perceptual grouping, even though the inducing numerals or letters did not. (ii)Synaesthetically induced colours were not experienced if the graphemes were presented peripherally. (iii)Roman numerals were ine¡ective: the actual number grapheme was (...)
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  • Mental imagery and synaesthesia: Is synaesthesia from internally-generated stimuli possible?Mary Jane Spiller & Ashok S. Jansari - 2008 - Cognition 109 (1):143-151.
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  • Enhanced associative memory for colour (but not shape or location) in synaesthesia.Jamie Pritchard, Nicolas Rothen, Daniel Coolbear & Jamie Ward - 2013 - Cognition 127 (2):230-234.
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  • Synaesthesia is associated with enhanced, self-rated visual imagery.Kylie J. Barnett & Fiona N. Newell - 2008 - Consciousness and Cognition 17 (3):1032-1039.
    Although the condition known as synaesthesia is currently undergoing a scientific resurgence, to date the literature has largely focused on the heterogeneous nature of synaesthesia across individuals. In order to provide a better understanding of synaesthesia, however, general characteristics need to be investigated. Synaesthetic experiences are often described as occurring ‘internally’ or in the ‘mind’s eye’, which is remarkably similar to how we would describe our experience of visual mental imagery. We assessed the role of visual imagery in synaesthesia by (...)
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  • Five plus two equals yellow: Mental arithmetic in people with synaesthesia is not coloured by visual experience.M. Dixon, Daniel Smilek, C. Cudahy & Philip M. Merikle - 2000 - Nature 406.
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  • The Phenomenology of Synaesthesia. E. Hubbard & V. Ramachandran - 2003 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 10 (8):49-57.
    This article supplements our earlier paper on synaesthesia published in JCS. We discuss the phenomenology of synaesthesia in greater detail, raise several new questions that have emerged from recent studies, and suggest some tentative answers to these questions.
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  • Towards a Synergistic Understanding of Synaesthesia Combining Current Experimental Findings With Synaesthetes' Subjective Descriptions.Daniel Smilek & Mike Dixon - 2002 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 8.
    In synaesthesia, ordinary stimuli elicit extraordinary conscious experiences. For example, standard black digits may elicit highly specific colour experiences and specific tastes may elicit unusual tactile sensations. The growing interest in synaesthesia has led to numerous experimental studies of this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to review these recent studies and to discuss the relationship between the results of these experimental investigations of synaesthesia and the subjective descriptions reported by synaesthetes. It is argued that when the experimental investigations (...)
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  • An experimental attempt to produce artificial chromaesthesia by the technique of the conditioned response.E. L. Kelly - 1934 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 17 (3):315.
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  • Images of numbers, or “when 98 is upper left and 6 sky blue”.Xavier Seron, Mauro Pesenti, Marie-Pascale Noël, Gérard Deloche & Jacques-André Cornet - 1992 - Cognition 44 (1-2):159-196.
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  • Grapheme-color synaesthesia benefits rule-based Category learning.Marcus R. Watson, Mark R. Blair, Pavel Kozik, Kathleen A. Akins & James T. Enns - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (3):1533-1540.
    Researchers have long suspected that grapheme-color synaesthesia is useful, but research on its utility has so far focused primarily on episodic memory and perceptual discrimination. Here we ask whether it can be harnessed during rule-based Category learning. Participants learned through trial and error to classify grapheme pairs that were organized into categories on the basis of their associated synaesthetic colors. The performance of synaesthetes was similar to non-synaesthetes viewing graphemes that were physically colored in the same way. Specifically, synaesthetes learned (...)
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