This paper argues that the normative source of modern basic rights consists in the idea of human dignity. It is this idea through which rights derive a universalistic content of morality. Due to their being rights, human rights can serve to protect human dignity, which in turn owes its connotations of self-respect and social recognition to the intramundane status of democratic citizenship. This is associated with a realistic utopia whose aim at realizing social justice is intrinsic to the very institutions (...) of democratic constitutional states. (shrink)

In this article I argue that Kant's conception of dignity is commonly misunderstood. On the basis of a few passages in the Grundlegung scholars often attribute to Kant a view of dignity as an absolute inner value all human beings possess. However, a different picture emerges if one takes into account all the passages in which Kant uses ‘dignity’. I shall argue that Kant's conception of dignity is a more Stoic one: He conceives of dignity as sublimity ( Erhabenheit ) (...) or the highest elevation of something over something else. ‘Dignity’ expresses that something is ‘raised above’ all else. What it is raised above, and in virtue of what, depends on the context in which Kant uses ‘dignity’. For instance, he talks about the dignity of a monarch to refer to his rank as the ruler of his subjects. When Kant refers to the dignity of humanity, he expresses the view that human beings have a prerogative over the rest of nature in virtue of being free. What Kant is saying in the famous Grundlegung passage on dignity is that morality is raised above other determinations of will in that morality alone should be valued unconditionally. In unfolding the complicated usage of ‘dignity’ in Kant's works, my reading helps to bring out the coherence of his ethics. (shrink)

At first glance, love seems to be a psychological state for which there are normative reasons: a state that, if all goes well, is an appropriate or fitting response to something independent of itself. Love for one’s parent, child, or friend is fitting, one wants to say, if anything is. On reflection, however, it is elusive what reasons for love might be. It is natural to assume that they would be nonrelational features of the person one loves, something about her (...) in her own right. According to the “quality theory,” for example, reasons for love are the beloved’s personal attributes, such as her wit and beauty. In J. David Velleman’s provocative and ingeniously argued proposal, the reason for love is the beloved’s bare Kantian personhood, her capacity for rational choice and valuation.1 But no such nonrelational feature works. To appreciate just one difficulty, observe that whatever nonrelational feature one selects as the reason for love will be one that another person could, or actually does, possess. The claim that nonrelational features are reasons for love implies, absurdly, that insofar as one’s love for Jane is responsive to its reasons, it will accept any relevantly similar person as a replacement. (shrink)

In diesem Aufsatz werden die Interpretationen des Begriffs Menschenwürde vorgestellt, die in den aktuellen ethischen Debatten die am häufigsten diskutierten sind. Dabei handelt es sich um die traditionelle und die Kantische Theorie sowie um die Demütigungs- und die Achtungstheorie. Zudem werden zwei Ansätze präsentiert, die Menschenwürde über Relationen zu Menschenrechten erklären. Es soll ermittelt werden, ob einer der Kandidaten das Potenzial hat, einen begründbaren, gehaltvollen, präzisen und gegenüber dem Common-Sense Gebrauch nicht völlig revisionären Begriff der Menschenwürde zu liefern. Die hier (...) verteidigte These wird lauten, dass Menschenwürde als Bezeichnung dafür verwendet werden kann, dass die fundamentalen Menschenrechte einer menschlichen Person in substantieller Weise erfüllt sind.This essay discusses the most debated theories of the concept of human dignity in contemporary ethical discourses. The essay will explore if one of these theories is capable of delivering a justifiable, substantial and precise concept of human dignity that does not demand an entire revision of the concept in respect of its ordinary usage. The according thesis that will be defended is that human dignity is given if the fundamental human rights of a human person are realised. (shrink)