Hegel's reading of Hafez as part of his Berlin aesthetics lectures. The jargon of the prosaic world -/- This essay deals with Hegel's reading (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1770 - 1831) of Hafez' poetry (Moḥammad Schams ad-Din Hafez Schirazi, around 1315 - 1390) during his lectures on the Aesthetics or Philosophy of Art at the University of Berlin (1820/21; 1823; 1826; 1828/29). Hegel's writings, Lectures on Aesthetics, were published from his remains by Heinrich Gustav Hotho (1802 - 1873) in three (...) volumes (1835 - 1838) and in a second edition from 1842 onwards. The posthumously published writings of Hegel are, considering the preserved archive material and the unreliable editing work by Hotho, a thoroughly complex research topic. Therefore, this problem area also forms the starting point of the present analysis of Hegel's reading of Hafez. -/- Within the framework of this essay, Hegel's categories of historical frameworks (Symbolic, Classical, and Romantic Art), especially that of the "Symbolic Art", are examined in his lectures on Aesthetics . This will do in three steps: starting with the current state of research, problematizing of Hegelian concepts in his Lectures on Aesthetics like "oriental Pantheism" or Vorkunst, ("the threshold of art" or "praeambula": T. M. Knox' translation, 1975, part I); extending the discussion by focusing on similarities and differences between Hegel's reading of Goethe (part II) and Hegel's reading of Hafez (part III) in his Berlin Aesthetics Lectures of the 1820's. For this purpose, material from Goethe's literary remains (II), as well as a masterpiece of Dutch painters van Eyck analyzed by Hegel (Ghent Altarpiece) during his lectures (III), will be included in the analysis and explored from an interdisciplinary and intercultural perspective. In doing so, Goethe's “Space of Experience and Horizon of Expectation” (Koselleck) in imitating Arabic script and calligraphy (II) is linked to Hegel's reading of Hafez during his Berlin lectures on aesthetics (III). Thus, a dialogue of cultures unfolds between poetry and philosophy. The main questions are: How does the German philosopher Hegel interpret and receive Hafiz's poetry in the context of German idealist philosophy as a topic of his lectures on aesthetics? What epistemological aspects can be gained from Hegel's reading of Hafez for a cultural studies analysis, especially regarding the history of the ideas? In addition to analyzing the historical aspects, the aim is also to uncover new perspectives in order to look with Hafez and Rumi at Hegel's problem child of ‘history’. Of particular interest are epistemological aspects and problems of reception and translation studies in sense of interdisciplinary and intercultural research (e. g. connected/entangled histories; boundary objects). Interculturality is understood in the context of the present essay as a cross-disciplinary theoretical framework in the sense of entangled histories research work interwoven with communication, aesthetic and cultural techniques approaches or resilience studies in a historical perspective. (shrink)

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الصحافة الإلكترونية الفلسطينية في تدعيم قيم المواطنة لدى طلبة الجامعات بمحافظات غزة من وجهة نظرهم، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من طلبة جامعة الأزهر، الجامعة الإسلامية، وجامعة الأقصى المسجلين في الفصل الدراسي الأول من العام الجامعي (2011-2012)، والبالغ عددهم (46399) طالباً وطالبة، منهم (17067) طالباً، و(2933) طالبة، وقد تم تطبيق أداة الدراسة على عينة عشوائية قوامها (980) طالباً وطالبة ما يمثل (2.11%) من مجتمع الدراسة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية: 1. أن أكثر المواقع تصفحا لدى (...) أفراد العينة "وكالة معا الإخبارية"، تليها المواقع الحزبية " فلسطين برس، فلسطين الآن، فلسطين اليوم" وفي المراتب الدنيا تأتي المواقع الصحفية التي لها أصل ورقي وهي " فلسطين، القدس، الأيام، الحياة الجديدة". 2. أن قيم المواطنة تم تدعيمها من خلال الصحافة الإلكترونية الفلسطينية بدرجة جيدة بوزن نسبي (65.5%) من تقدير أفراد العينة. 3. وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائياً عند مستوى 0.01 بين متوسطي درجات مجموعتي الطلاب والطالبات في جميع أبعاد دور الصحافة الالكترونية والدرجة الكلية لاستبانه دور الصحافة الالكترونية، وكانت الفروق لصالح مجموعة الطالبات. 4. وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائياً في جميع أبعاد استبانه دور الصحافة الالكترونية في تدعيم قيم المواطنة والدرجة الكلية للاستبانه تبعاً لمتغير الجامعة لأفراد العينة لصالح مجموعة جامعة الأقصى. وأوصت الدراسة بما يلي: 1. ضرورة تكامل جهود الجميع من خلال التنسيق والتعاون المشترك لإيجاد إستراتيجية عامة تعمل على تدعيم قيم المواطنة، والتوعية بأهميتها وإلزام كافة المؤسسات التربوية النظامية من مدارس، وجامعات ومعاهد وكليات والمؤسسات غير النظامية من وسائل الإعلام، وأحزاب سياسية، ومنظمات المجتمع المدني للعمل ضمن برامجها على تحقيق التربية من أجل المواطنة. -/- . (shrink)

Source: Author: Marwan Kadhim Mohammed, Wan Roselezam Wan Yahya Martin Amis's manipulation of the patriarchal concept of power is a notable indication of his transgressive attitudes that raise remarkable questions about the human identity. Transgressing power investigates the violation of the normal and familiar trends of literature in order to circulate a new discourse by which a new identity is reframed. Hence, the study of power in Martin Amis's novels, as an important technique of identity re-definition, is not taken (...) into consideration in the light of Foucault's theory of power. The objective of this study is to examine the role applied by transgression as a technique of subverting the common discourse of power in the field of identity re-formation. The study investigates the concept of power manipulated in Amis's Money to define the identity of the 'New Man'. Accordingly, the Foucauldian theory of power is taken as a framework of this study. The study reveals a conclusion in which the transgressive aspects of power are effectively utilized by Amis to re-define the identity of his protagonist in the novel. Although John Self-has finally lost his name and fortune, which are necessary demands to define one's self-in the patriarchal society, he finds his own new identity away from the materialistic norms of the common discourse. ]]>. (shrink)

Purpose: The cost of capital is a critical factor influencing investment decisions and company financing. Sustainability reporting also enhances the strategic and organizational legitimacy of companies. Therefore, it is expected that sustainability reporting can influence company legitimacy with enhancing trust of companies, their capital costs is reduced. Based on this premise, the objective of this research is to investigate the impact of sustainability reporting on the cost of capital of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Method: for testing of (...) hypothesis Data from 33 listed companies on the Iraq Stock Exchange during the company's period of 2012-2022 was collected and analyzed using a multiple linear regression approach with a combination of panel data analysis. Result: Our findings indicate that Iraqi firms experience higher costs of capital due to their weak implementation of sustainability reporting. Conclusion: reporting on corporate sustainability activities can enhance reputation of companies and, by gaining legitimacy for the companies, their cost of capital is reduced. Implication: These findings can inform policymakers about the need to strengthen requirements for sustainability reporting. Also help investor to form an optimal portfolio based on the policy of companies in compliance with the sustainability reporting. (shrink)

Shahāb ad-Dīn" Yahya ibn Habash ibn Amirak as-Suhrawardī, (also Shaikh al-Ishraq, Shaikh al-Maqtul) was founder of the illuminationist school (Ar. Hikmat al-ishraq; Pers. falsafaye ešrāqi ). Derived from “illumination,” a conventional translation of the Arabic term ishraq (lit. radiance, shining of the rising sun), “illuminationism” refers to the doctrine of the Ishraqiyyun, a school of philosophical and mystical thought of various Graeco-Oriental roots whose principles were propounded as an ancient “science of lights” (‘ilm al-anwar) . He chose this title (...) to distinguish his philosophical theory from mashshaī's philosophy; and he is one of the first philosophers to elaborate on an old tradition. His approach Adopted from Zoroastrian and Platonic ideas. In fact, he associates his science of lights principally with the names of Plato, Hermes, Empedokles, Pythagoras, and the ‘Oriental principle concerning light and darkness’ of the sages of ancient Iran. (shrink)

Sadr al-Din Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. Yahya Qawami Shirazi (ca. 1571–1636), known as Mulla Sadra, is one of the three important philosophers (with Avicenna, and Suhrawardi) in Islamic philosophy, after the period of the first prominent Islamic philosophers i.e., Averroes and al-Farabi.

Artykuł poświęcony został relewantnym cechom języka reklamy. Już we wstępie autorka stwierdza, że obszerne przedstawienie języka reklamy jest utrudnione poprzez splot cech werbalnych i pozajęzykowych badanych tekstów. W celu przedstawienia najistotniejszych elementów definicji sloganu powołano się na wybrane wyniki badań Ruth Romer, Volkera Klotza, Nigela Forstera czy też Yahya Hassana Bajwy. Omawiając funkcje języka w sloganie jako ważnej formy werbalnej tekstów reklamowych, podkreśla autorka, że stosowane środki to m. in. uproszczona składnia, pytania retoryczne, struktury repetytywne i takie figury stylistyczne, (...) jak np. antyteza, parodia lub porównanie. Następnie przedstawiony został slogan na tie innych form językowych. Autorka koncentruje się tu przede wszystkim na przysłowiach, cytatach i często używanych, utartych zwrotach. Obszernie scharakteryzowane zostały aspekty semantyczne sloganów reklamowych. Omówiono także polifunkcyjność stosowanych elementów językowych i ich metaforyczną symbolikę. (shrink)