The discrete–structural structure of the world is described. In comparison with the idea of Heraclitus about an indissoluble world, preference is given to the discrete world of Democritus. It is noted that if the discrete atoms of Democritus were simple and indivisible, the atoms of the modern world indicated in the article would possess, rather, a structural structure. The article proves the problem of how the mutual connection of mathematics and philosophy influences cognition, which creates a discrete–structural worldview. The author (...) notes that the appearance of writing, symbolic language and the depiction of the picture of the world through mathematics, led us into the sphere of discrete mathematical mathematics. (shrink)

Авторами рассмотрены основные подходы к моделированию процесса принятия финансово- экономических решений в контексте учета поведенческого фактора соблюдения принятых социальных норм, что позволяет выйти за рамки классического представления о мотивации экономических агентов. Ключевые слова: социальная норма, моральные эмоции, экономико-математическое моделирование, процесс принятия решений, «теория игр».

Предложен е семантичен подход към логиката, в рамките на какъвто е вид дискурс, отличим със своята тавтологичност. На тази основа е даден пример и сравнение с психоаналитичен (Фройдистки) дискурс.

The study communication processes within modern political parties is impossible without establishing the basic principles of the party. Throughout the history of political parties of their organizational structure has undergone great changes. In modern developed democratic countries, political party structure consists of a number of different interest groups and pressure. Despite the common association ideological, social and political objectives and interests of these groups within the political parties are trying to fiht and compete for leadership in the policy-making process. The (...) most important internal feature of modern political parties is forming the system of coordination of interests within the party. First of all this is achieved by creating a system of communication interaction interest groups, the party elite and counter-elite. The relationship between these elements of the party depends largely on the existing system of party discipline, party ethics and the existing hierarchical system of interaction between the party leadership and «ordinary» members of the party, between central hierarchical structures of the party and the local, between party members included in the various parliamentary and governmental and nonparliamentary groups within the party and so on. Ensure optimal form of inner communication is the formation of interest groups Institute of party democracy. In most developed countries, certain elements of party democracy established by law. Similar rules exist in the legislation of Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, France, Romania, Czech Republic and Portugal. Internal party democracy is not threatened by party discipline and intervention of public authorities in the hierarchical and organizational features of inner communication. A clear manifestation of internal party democratization process of interaction is the introduction of «primaries». This allows you to adjust the relationship between interest groups within political parties without increased competition for leadership and possible negative consequences. (shrink)

Present international relations are a complex of relatively particular varieties, especially political, diplomatic, economic, religious, cultural and media relations. Integration is a versatile and complex phenomenon. It is quite diffiult process which does not have defiitive typology. Integration determines patterns of development of the modern world, because it inflences the global structure, global governance. At the present, the development of integration organizations has great importance in international relations. These organizations exist in all regions. They have a great inflence on the (...) development of political, economic, social and cultural relations between states that are members of these associations. New integration structure should ensure an active human development in general. This is the main criteria and principles of the modern world, and according to this criteria, it is also an institutional functional mechanism. In particular, the process of integration is very popular in Latin America. In Latin America, there are a large number of different integration organizations. Among them are: Latin American Integration Association, Andean Community of Nations, Central American Integration System. All of these organizations inflence the development of integration processes on the continent. Latin American integration has one feature. The cooperation between states has an economic basis. The above organizations have not only economic interests, but also common political, cultural, eco and social projects. It can be argued that the process of integration in Latin America is developing rapidly and has great prospects. But there are some problems. First of all, there is no unity among the states. Different countries have different integration strategy. Also, Latin American countries do not develop uniformly. Argentina and Brazil are developing faster rate than other countries. Thus, it is obvious that the integration of Latin America has some problems. But there are many organizations that are developing and increase their potential. (shrink)

В статті формулюється зміст загальних та спеціальних понять, серед яких: знаня, організація, інформація, організаційне знання. Проводиться аналіз розуміння цих концепцій, їх співвідносність та відмінність. Визначаються суттєві риси, що характеризують організаційне знання, що еволюціонує у суспільстві знань.

At the beginning of the article attention is accented on attitude of society toward people with the special necessities. Basic directions of social policy of Ukraine are specified in regard to invalids. The issues of the day of integration of people are illuminated with the special requirements in society: problems of motor transport, labour activity and vocational training. In the article the role of public organizations is examined in the vital functions of people with special necessities.

The article is devoted to defining the role of e-government in administrative and political practice in Ukraine. We study the four dimensions : the use government communication capabilities of the Internet; introduction of electronic documents; providing administrative authorities of interactive services; modernization of the traditional institutions of representative democracy. It is concluded that e-government in Ukraine takes the first information function, but does not change the condition of communication between citizens and government.