В статті розглядається значення методології дослідження смислу, яка заснована на комунікативній парадигмі, що поєднує достоїнства як менталістської так й лінгвоцентризької парадигм, одночасно усуваючи їхні недоліки. Парадигми припускають різні методології дослідження, щодо яких сформульовані три тези. По-перше, вони мають протилежну спрямованість. По-друге, мають свої онтологічні передумови, що роблять їх однаково обгрунтованими. Та по-третє, внутрішня логіка їхнього розвитку спрямована на зближення. У статті репрезентовано процес поступового формування комунікативної парадигми вивчення смислу. Також, розглядаються дві логіко-філософські концепції, які вплинули на розвиток всієї семантики.

Purpose. The aim of the work is to determine the features of media culture that bind it with mass culture and mass communications and have the most significant effect on the general principles of the religious mass communication. In addition, the objective is to identify the skills system and traits of mass human that are necessary for using media culture. Methodology. The methodological basis is related to structuring, analytical analysis and synthesis of media features; highlighting phenomena that illustrate modern communicative (...) situation; characteristics of media trends influence for the specific functioning of religious communication. Scientific novelty. Main part of the work is devoted to the analysis of the progressive media culture, mass-media and their main features, design of religious communication in this culture. Media gradually form the appearance of religious communication quietly, especially the mass one, they adapt the modern religious discourse to rates of transfer and perception of information. Modern believer gets a lot of different kinds of religious information, on any subject, any explanation of the religious question, with respect to any religion. Such volume of religious information and the speed with which a person receives it, does not usually make it religious or spiritually advanced, but only informed. Spiritual perfection and religious development, religious communication is possible only when the customer is aware of media culture and way of seeing the ultimate goal of such communications using the Mass Media. So far these mechanisms are perfectly designed in traditional religious communication. Phenomena, that reflects the dramatic changes in the communicative environment are: mediatization of body and mind, the new practice of processing / reading information, the phenomenon of simultaneous perception of a large number of information channels – similar or different. Features of media culture that connect it with popular culture and are more likely to influence contemporary religious communication are such: visualization, technicality, handling large amounts of information, the creation of a specific picture of the world. Conclusions. Analyzed features of culture media give the possibility to draw conclusions about the necessary features that should have religious believer for successful communication with the help of modern media. These are: interactivity, constant access to information, the appropriate level of education, conformity. (shrink)

Contemporary religious studies contains many studies of Orthodox theology of the twentieth century, but there are almost no studies of the most prominent modern trend in Orthodox theology, neo-patristics. In particular, in the works of L. Voronkova, G. Gabinsky, M. Gordienko, Y. Kalinin, P. Kurochkin, I. Mozgovy, V. Molokov, M. Novikov, N. Petelinskaya, V. Chertikhin, A. Chertkov, a thorough analysis of tendencies was carried out Modernism of Orthodox theology of the Russian Church. Of these, only M. Novikov briefly criticizes the (...) views of V. Lossky, a representative of Neopatristics, but the researcher does not realize the originality of this trend in Orthodox theology. Especially the tendencies of the development of Orthodox theology of spiritual academic schools of the XIX-beg. XX century. M. Ivanov, M. Glubokovsky, I. Kondratieva, G. Pankov, O. Pechurina, O. Sarapin, L. Fokina were thoroughly researched, but these studies were usually conducted outside the context of all Orthodox theology of the XX century. (shrink)

Забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України в умовах гібридних загроз.

The article deals with the problem of genesis and essence of the doctrine of «Christian worldview» in modern neo-Calvinism. The views of À. Kuyper, A. Wolters, D. Naugle were analyzed in the article. A. Wolters has been described as a «towering figure» in the Kuyperian Neo-Calvinist pantheon. Albert Wolters’s classic formulation of an integrated Christian worldview has beenrevised and expanded to reach new readers beyond the generation that has already benefited from this clear, concise proposal for transcending the false dichotomy (...) between sacred and secular. He begins by defining the nature and scope of a worldview, distinguishing it from philosophy and theology. For example, Wolters presents a typological scheme of the basic ways of the relationship between worldview and philosophy. He outlines five different paradigms: W repels P W crowns P W flanks P W yields P W equals P. D. Naugle in book «Worldview: The History of a Concept» explores how worldview was defined by and the role it played in the work of a broad array of thinkers. A century ago, the concept, often referred to by the German word Weltanschauung, was quite popular, though definitions abounded. Worldview was never quite as significant for philosophy as it was for theology and the social sciences, but in many disciplines it was deemed to play a pivotal role in people’s basic orientation to the world and their commitments and values. Criticism of the neo-Calvinist doctrine of the «Christian worldview» is contained in the article also. For example, Bradford Littlejohn, president of the Davenant Institute, speaks seriously about some serious issues in the Christian thought. He discusses the weakness of the term «worldview» and offers as a replacement the term «wisdom». Thus, the neo-Calvinist doctrine of the worldview is a kind of religious-fundamentalist conception of human consciousness, which, from the point of view of its adherents, necessarily relies on the axiological foundations and has a theological dimension. At the same time, this doctrine does not take into account the peculiarities of modern cognitive research, which indicate the greater complexity and dynamism of views and value orientations. The concept of «worldview» is a system of unquestioning beliefs that automatically provide the necessary skills and behavior. The leading trend of the development of the neo-Calvinist doctrine of the worldview is the further spread, simplification and journalistic vulgarization. (shrink)

The attempt of philosophical analysis of information is undertaken, as major determinanty of transformation of culture, which supposes consideration in conceptions of modern man becoming of man of virtus with the changing environment of co-operation, globalization of intercourse, loss of identity, new virtual culture. The purpose of the study – a study of concepts information, the information space and the man virtus in philosophical discourse. Conclusions. Thus this study allows us to formulate the following conclusions and conceptual points : – (...) Information that creates a psychological and social basis on which manifests conscious behavior of the individual. The «natural» information around us is a soil origin of living beings and the condition for their development and improvement, while «artificial» information involves the use of new norms and channels of information, it is present in the form of written information, audio messages, television and radio and so on – in other words everything that has been created as a result of human activity; – Information space – a multi-level structure. In a sense, it can be called the metaphor, but at the same time, it is quite possible. – Information space understood as a set of spatial structures in which information is distributed. The information space is a collection of interacting processes and information systems. Changes associated with the processes of information, technology use, virtualization, and cultural space of coverage, expanding modes of transmission of social and cultural experience. New global information technology not only to open up unprecedented opportunities for human development, but at the same time put in front of him and culture complex nature of philosophical problems associated with the dehumanizing culture, rationalization of thinking, adaptability to life. Information processes taking place in society, cause radical changes in the structure and content of modern culture: on the one hand, it includes elements of the previous crop, and on the other, it creates new areas. (shrink)

У статті ідентифіковано потенціал економічного розвитку АСЕАН. Досліджено історичні аспекти створення інтеграційного об’єднання АСЕАН. Оцінено сучасний економічний стан АСЕАН у світовому господарстві. Проаналізовано наявні та визначено майбутні тенденції розвитку АСЕАН. Розкрито проблематику та перспективи розвитку АСЕАН.

У статті з’ясовано специфіку морфологічного вираження суб’єктної синтаксеми в пасивних конструкціях сучасного адміністративно-канцелярського мовлення. Проаналізовано асинкретизм (суб’єкт дії) та синкретизм (суб’єкт-інструмент, суб’єкт-інструмент-час, суб’єктінструмент-об’єкт, суб’єкт-простір) семантики орудного відмінка субстантива та прийменниково-іменникового словосполучення. Матеріалом для дослідження слугували навчальні посібники та довідники з офіційно-ділового мовлення, датовані першими десятиліттями ХХІ ст.

Problem setting. Changes in modern society, the increasing role of information and knowledge, improvement of communication, development of network structures, etc. – generate qualitative changes in all kinds of activities at all levels. Recent research and publications analysis. The term “society” is Central to social philosophy. There are many points of view on society, its nature, system features, factors and determinants of development. In the vast majority of publications traced the idea that information and communication is actually an attribute of (...) the information society. Therefore, in this article attempt to justify attributional information and commu- nication processes throughout the Genesis companies. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is justification attributional information and communication processes of social development. Paper main body. Society is a system of entities related communication processes. Life and human activity is impossible or extremely limited outside of society. The need for communication is among basic human needs, it dictates the behavior of people with no less authority than, for example, so-called vital needs. Communication is a necessary condition for the normal development of a person as a member of society, as individuals. In social-philosophical discourse has formed two approaches to the consideration of communications – the mechanistic and activity. From the position of the mechanistic ap- proach, communication is understood as a unidirectional process of transmission and reception of information through encoding and decoding, respectively. Man is here viewed as a mechanism, which can be described by a finite defined rules, and external medium communication represents noise. In the framework of the activity approach communication is understood as communication, joint activities, exchange of information. Information of this position can be represented as transmission of messages in the process of interaction of the two systems, which leads to a change in their status. In the process of development of society as a system of communication and relations, acquire new characteristics, change the properties of the information that is transmitted. According to the theory of technological determinism, which removes a major role in social development, science and technology, the development of society up to the present time occurs in three stages: the preindustrial, industrial and postindustrial. Pre-industrial society is characterized by an agrarian mode of production; the indus- trial society – the machinery of production, scientific organization of labour, free trade, a unified system of national economy. In post-industrial society the key role of knowledge and information. Class division is changing the professional service sector dominates the sphere of production. Conclusions of the research. The nature of society is the information and communi- cation, complexity of social structure is directly dependent on complexity and expansion of information and communication linkages. Information and communication society is accompanied at all stages of its evolution. The basis of the historical development of society. (shrink)

Сьогодні стан розвитку філософії часто характеризують як «криза раціональності». Пов’язане це перш за все з тим, що як вважають деякі дослідники раціональні методи пізнання не вирішують філософських проблем і направлені цілком на таку ж раціональну реальність якою не є сучасний світ. Постає питання про виправданість у класичній філософії та науці панування раціональних методів пізнання. Але питання не лише у цьому, важливо говорити про те, що сьогодні ми розуміємо під раціональністю. Чи йде мова про відхід від раціональності, чи про її нові (...) форми, прояви, виміри щодо дослідження феноменів. Метою даного дослідження є виявлення раціональних аспектів нормативної поведінки у філософії І. Канта. Розглядаючи це питання необхідно звернутися до обґрунтування раціональності нормативності класиком філософської думки, застосовуючи методологію безпосередньо І. Канта та іншу. До методів дослідження відносяться: співпадіння історичного і логічного, компаративний аналіз, методологічний принцип додатковості та ін. Дослідження феномену нормативної поведінки у філософії І. Канта показує важливість принципу раціональності, обов’язку, свободи в аналізі такого важливого явища як соціальна поведінка. Від того яким чином людина визначає підстави нормативності залежить яким чином вона буде діяти: підпорядковувася чи не підпорядковуватися ним, як вона буде реалізовувати своє соціальне буття. (shrink)

Вплив релігії пояснюється тим, що вона формує сенси існування за допомогою встановлення відношення людини до світу. Суб’єктивний чинник сучасних релігій пояснюється тим, що становлення сенсів існування має трансцендентальний характер. Це пояснює, чому існування політичного суб’єкта визначає релігійна віра. Політичний вплив можливий за допомогою використання релігії як форми дії на масову свідомість. Він формалізований і структурований за допомогою політичних технологій, призначення яких полягає у формуванні залежного політичного режиму. Найбільш придатним для цього являється протестантизм, що обумовлено характером його суб’єктивності.

Історичній свідомості як складовій частині суспільної свідомості притаманні генеалогічні інваріанти свідомості взагалі й суспільної свідомості зокрема. Разом з тим історична свідомість володіє низкою оригінальних особливостей і факторів становлення. Важливим і актуальним дослідницьким завданням сучасної філософії історії є понятійне розмежування історичного знання, пізнання, розуміння та інтерпретації. Ключового значення набуває розгляд ціннісного аспекту історії, колізій об’єктивної фактичності та суб’єктивного значення.

An application of diagrams for separating modes of theory development.

The J. Nye’s theory of soft power presented a new paradigm of asymmetric relations between states, based on «attractiveness» and partnership instead of traditional coercion and subordination. «Soft power» is the power of attraction, which consists of three components: culture, political ideology and foreign policy. The EU is an excellent example of the «soft power» availability and its constructive using, but in this context, the Russian Federation is the complete opposite – for the Kremlin, instruments of attractiveness are rather tools (...) for a «hybrid war». For Ukraine, the difference of Russian and the EU approaches to the «soft power» implementation is vitally important. As soon as the «hybrid war» for several years has significantly affected to our country internal situation and international position. (shrink)

The study tested the experience of the functioning of public broadcasters in Western and Central-Eastern Europe. In the article determined that in the above-mentioned states the public broadcasters differ in the legal status and the main sources of financing, however their common characteristics is that they are the most common source of information covering social issues, provide informational, cultural, educational and entertainment programs that contribute to the growth of social, political and cultural activity of citizens and the cohesion of society. (...) The study founded that in recent times states and international organizations consider public TV and radio broadcasting organizations as one of means of countering enemy propaganda and fight against of destructive information and psychological influences. (shrink)

The political process is being scrutinized by media nowadays. Communicative environment that comprises television, blogosphere and social networks is a political factor itself, either directly or indirectly shaping the agenda of creating a picture of the world, offering ways of interpreting reality. That’s why foreign policy activity of state leaders is acted in terms of public policy when there is a need not only to publicly assess reactions, but also to form the so-called ‘negotiating environment’ on certain issues. All these (...) taken into consideration condition the relevance of research. Russian President Vladimir Putin’s speech at the Munich Conference on Security Policy that was made on February 10, 2007 is one of the manifestations of the public ploicy in question. The public policy in the article refers to mediatisated political practices that aim primarily to obtain the effect of publicity, awareness, ability to be taken in the sense of consent with the implementation of policies directly in any field. The public policy arises in response to political and social demands, and policy statements are its formal expression or articulation. The basic approach in the analysis of media discourse assessment used in the article is a critical discourse analysis. The critical discourse analysis considers the discourse as a form of social practice. Discourse description as a social practice means dialectical discursive relationship between a separate discursive event and a situation, an institution and a social structure which it is formed by. Here we face the emergence of ideological effects in the language use. Ukrainian, Russian and Anglo-American corpuses of stock media discourse are under analysis in this work. The author concludes that the media shape semantic space; impose interpretative models associated with the foreign policy of the Russian Federation. The discourse itself is filled with words that are semantically aggressive like an attack, a war, a conflict, weapon, a fighting, aggression, a collision, etc. This analysis continuation can provide a basis for speech and text understanding in the social space. (shrink)

The study tested the analysis of the origin and evolution of the concept of «the media space» in scientifi thought. Clarifid that understanding the concept of «the media space» was launched in sociological and psychological approaches, and in the further defiition of this concept was carried out through a the cultural, philosophical, geopolitical approaches etc. In view of the above, the subject of analysis in this article is the defiition of «media space» with the positions of various scientifi approaches, the (...) goal - fiding signifiant common characteristics in the defiition of «media space for the formulation of its author integral defiition. In view of the above, the subject of analysis in this article is the defiition of «the media space» with the positions of various scientifi approaches; the goal is the fiding signifiant common characteristics in the defiition of «the media space» for the formulation of its author integral defiition. Determined that at the present stage, the concept of «the media space» is used in several senses – as a conditional territory where take place information and there transmitters, which f time to time enter producers and users of information; as a system of relationships between certain subjects and objects of production, distribution, processing and use of information; as part of a symbolic space that has a specifi hypertext structure. It is found out, that present approaches are general in interpretation of media-space, as a complex system that organized by the network principle, peculiar to them virtually largely transforms communication system, changing the nature of the interaction in the process of information exchange, creation and transmission of information. Proved that the important subject of forming the media-space are remained mass-media, that accumulating all of the technological innovations and acquiring such properties as mobility, convergence and interactivity have transformed the media-space in the environment in which gradually erased the boundaries between producers and users of information and communication interaction between participants of information relations on the principle of many-to-many. The author integral defiition of «the national media space» as «the environment in the territory of the state which, in accordance with existing laws, principles and rules, based on the existing media infrastructure carried out information and communication interaction between organizations and persons to meet their information rights and freedoms». (shrink)

Problem setting. Transformational changes in political systems are an essential condition for their development. However, if in a peaceful time, diverse political transformations take place on evolutionary principles, then during the war they are significantly accelerated. The hybrid war has brought new emphasis to the transformation of political systems. Such transformations take place practically throughout the political system, but in order to classify the most important transformations, it is expedient to distinguish its key subsystems - institutional, normative, functional, communicative, spiritual (...) and cultural. Analysis of recent research and publications on the topic. In the works of O. Babkina, V. Bebik, V. Gaponenko, V. Gorbatenko, I. Gorokhovsky, V. Kotygorenko, V. Kafarsky, N. Khoma, I. Kresinoy, A. Kudryachenko, V Masic, Y. Matsievsky, P. Mironenko, M. Mikhalchenko, I. Onischenko, E. Pereguda, T. Poyarkova, M. Primush, O. Romanyuk, F. Rudich, V. Soldatenko, O. Stoiko, T. Tkachenko, G. Zelenko, and other native. The researchers have considered in detail the processes of formation and development of political systems. In the works of O. Demenko, V. Dubov, M. Gonchar, V. Gorbulin, A. Litvinenko, V. Mandrageli, B. Parakhonsky, M. Rozumnyj, L. Smola, M. Trebin, G. avorskaya the problems of the hybrid war in the context of determining its essence, content, orientation, purpose, as well as the specifics of deployment and flow. Scientific developments by F. Cappen, F. Hoffman, R. Glenn, R. Newson, J. Sherr reveal the views of Western specialists on hybrid wars. At the same time, studies that examine the transformation of political systems under the influence of the hybrid war in Ukrainian political science is clearly not enough. Paper objective. Indicate the existence of a large number of definitions of the hybrid war, none of which does not claim to epistemological absolute. Analyze the transformational processes in the main subsystems of the political system of society in the context of a hybrid war. Indicate the innovative moments of the development ofpolitical systems under the influence of hybrid offensive. Emphasize the special role of the state as the basic political institution on the organization of the vital functions of the political system in the conditions of active hybrid influences of the opposite side. Paper main body. A hybrid war affects all subsystems of the political system ofsociety - institutional, normative, functional, communicative, spiritual and cultural. However, there is a significant difference in the depth and intensity of such influence. There is a fundamental influence of the hybrid war on the state as the basic political institution of society, which is the main actor of military-political relations. Destruction of the enemy state was and remains the goal ofany war, including hybrid war. Under these conditions, the state is faced with the need to create versatile variants of the power response to hybrid hazards. As a rule, special government bodies are created with additional powers. There are large-scale institutional transformations within the security and defense sector. For the conduct of hostilities, the forces of reserve are involved. Full or partial mobilization is announced. New parts and connections are deployed. Additional elements of the security and defense sector can be created. There are changes in the regulatory legal subsystem. Orders of the supreme commander- in-chief, directives of the supreme commander-in-chief, decisions of military-civilian administrations, etc. may be added to traditional normative legal acts. The functional subsystem is also in a state of massive changes. The authorities deliberately urge all patriotic forces to strengthen armed resistance against the aggressor. Volunteer armed formations, underground structures, local self-defense units, volunteer movements, information resistance, establishment of foreign aid channels, etc. are strongly stimulated. As a result, there is a deetatization of military practice, an active involvement of the general population in defense activities. The communicative subsystem feels no less dynamic changes. Inside the political system there is a rapid selection ofpolitical actors based on their attitude to the objectives of the war, the opportunities for participation in it and the ways of working in practical military actions. Subjects expressing doubts about the possibility of victory, and even congratulating the enemy, acquire the status of non-systemic elements, whose activities should be stopped immediately. Their leaders have to face political responsibility for anti-state actions. The spiritual and cultural subsystem is connected with the peculiarities of mass political culture, the rational and irrational components of collective and individual political consciousness. The ability of the political system to actively resist the dangers of the hybrid war and to succeed in its consequence is the domination of positive cultural-ideological entities thatform the general spiritual uplift of the people. The vulnerability of the political system, which loses the hybrid war and questions the future of the state, society, and nation, leads to the opposite result. Apathy, fatalism, despondency, internal emptiness of a person are a nourishing environment for the formation of a feeling of defeat, which is the goal of a hybrid variety of hostilities on the part of the enemy. The overall impact of the hybrid war on the political system of society is indisputable. The political system, using its adaptive potential, inevitably changes in the structural, functional, communicative, normative, and so on. The direction and intensity of such changes depends on the stability andflexibility of the political system, target orientations and resources of the attacking party, as well as the foreign policy context of the deployment and development of military events. Conclusions. The overall impact of the hybrid war on the political system of society is indisputable. The institutional subsystem of the political system of society in the context of hybrid warfare is characterized by the creation of new military-political authorities, accelerated development of the military organization of the state, increased attention to or protection against the infrastructure of information and psychological warfare, as well as deepening of the international military-political partnership. In the normative subsystem there is a dynamic update of legislation on national security and defense, taking into account the needs of the war. The functional subsystem stimulates the qualitative execution of legally defined responsibilities in the field of national security and defense, mobilization of state and social capabilities for military tasks. The communicative subsystem provides the search andformation ofnew formats of interaction of elements of the political system with each other, with the external environment and with civil society. Changes in the spiritual and cultural subsystem are to intensify the activity of mass media, cultural, artistic and educational institutions on the issues of informational and psychological offensive, as well as the formation of heroic-patriotic, liberation, victorious components ofsocial consciousness capable of ensuring the spiritual uplift of the nation in order to win the war. The focus and intensity ofsuch changes depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the stability of the political system, supplemented by elements offlexibility, target orientations and resources of the attacking party, as well as the foreign policy context of the deployment and development of military events. (shrink)