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  1. Le modèle atomique de Bohr, un exemple de programme de recherche.Nicolae Sfetcu - manuscript
    Le modèle atomique de Bohr a été l'un des exemples les plus brillants de la méthodologie des programmes de recherche d'Imre Lakatos. Les grandes lignes du programme de recherche de Bohr (Bohr 1913) peuvent être caractérisées par : 1. Le problème initial ; 2. Ses heuristiques négatives et positives ; 3. Les problèmes qu'il a tenté de résoudre au cours du développement ; 4. Son point de dégénérescence (point de saturation) et, enfin, 5. Le programme par lequel il a été (...)
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  • (7 other versions)Imre Lakatos: L'heuristique et la tolérance méthodologique.Nicolae Sfetcu - 2020 - Drobeta Turnu Severin: MultiMedia Publishing.
    Une analyse des concepts d'heuristique et de tolérance méthodologique développée par Lakatos, basée sur l'article "Falsification et méthodologie des programmes de recherche scientifique", publié pour la première fois en 1970, puis dans l'ouvrage La méthodologie des programmes de recherche scientifique, volume I. J'ai analysé dans ce texte l'exemplifiant de l'auteur pour le programme de recherche de l'émission de lumière (en physique quantique au début). Un exemple détaillé des concepts est présenté par Lakatos dans la section "Effet de Newton sur les (...)
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  • Thoughts on the Scientific Study of Phenomenal Consciousness.Stan Klein - 2021 - Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 8 (74-80).
    This Target paper is about the hard problem of phenomenal consciousness (i.e., how is subjective experience possible given the scientific presumption that everything from molecules to minerals to minds is wholly physical?). I first argue that one of the most valuable tools in the scientific arsenal (metaphor) cannot be recruited to address the hard problem due to the inability to forge connections between the stubborn fact of subjective experience and physically grounded models of scientific explanation. I then argue that adherence (...)
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  • (7 other versions)Imre Lakatos: Euristica și toleranța metodologică.Nicolae Sfetcu - manuscript
    Pentru a analiza conceptele de euristica și toleranță metodologică dezvoltate de Lakatos, m-am concentrat pe secțiunea ”Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes”, publicată pentru prima dată ca articol în 1970 și apoi în cartea The methodology of scientific research programmes, Volume I (Lakatos 1978). Am analizat, în acest text, exemplificarea autorului pentru programul de cercetare al emisiei de lumină (în fizica cuantică timpurie) al lui Bohr. O exemplificare detaliată a conceptelor este prezentată de Lakatos în secțiunea ”Newton's effect (...)
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  • THE ELEMENT HYDROGEN:ENERGY-ENERGY EQQUIVALENCE.V. Sreesankar - 2016 - RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES 4 (1):1-3.
    Hydrogen, an atom composed of a single proton and electron, is the fundamental and most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen composes approximately 90% of the visible universe. As we all know there are different types of energies linked with proton –electron system due to the fundamental forces in any atom such as Kinetic energy, Electrostatic energy,Gravitational energy etc. In quantum framework, Gravity is a very weak force and it’s equivalence with other forces were once thought impossible. I strongly believe (...)
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  • Bohr as a Phenomenological Realist.Towfic Shomar - 2008 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 39 (2):321-349.
    There is confusion among scholars of Bohr as to whether he should be categorized as an instrumentalist (see Faye 1991) or a realist (see Folse 1985). I argue that Bohr is a realist, and that the confusion is due to the fact that he holds a very special view of realism, which did not coincide with the philosophers’ views. His approach was sometimes labelled instrumentalist and other times realist, because he was an instrumentalist on the theoretical level, but a realist (...)
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  • Conditions for Quantum Interference in Cognitive Sciences.Vyacheslav I. Yukalov & Didier Sornette - 2014 - Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (1):79-90.
    We present a general classification of the conditions under which cognitive science, concerned, e.g. with decision making, requires the use of quantum theoretical notions. The analysis is done in the frame of the mathematical approach based on the theory of quantum measurements. We stress that quantum effects in cognition can arise only when decisions are made under uncertainty. Conditions for the appearance of quantum interference in cognitive sciences and the conditions when interference cannot arise are formulated.
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  • Entropy - A Guide for the Perplexed.Roman Frigg & Charlotte Werndl - 2011 - In Claus Beisbart & Stephan Hartmann (eds.), Probabilities in Physics. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 115-142.
    Entropy is ubiquitous in physics, and it plays important roles in numerous other disciplines ranging from logic and statistics to biology and economics. However, a closer look reveals a complicated picture: entropy is defined differently in different contexts, and even within the same domain different notions of entropy are at work. Some of these are defined in terms of probabilities, others are not. The aim of this chapter is to arrive at an understanding of some of the most important notions (...)
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  • Scientific Understanding: What It Is and How It Is Achieved.Anna Elisabeth Höhl - 2024 - transcript Verlag.
    Understanding is an ability manifested by grasping relations of a phenomenon and articulating new explanations. Hence, scientific understanding is inextricably intertwined with and not possible without explanation, and understanding is not a type of propositional knowledge. Anna Elisabeth Höhl provides a novel philosophical account of scientific understanding by developing and defending necessary and sufficient conditions for the understanding that scientists achieve of the phenomena they are researching. This account of scientific understanding is based on and supported by a detailed investigation (...)
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  • Escaping the Fundamental Dichotomy of Scientific Realism.Shahin Kaveh - 2023 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 74 (4):999-1025.
    The central motivation behind the scientific realism debate is explaining the impressive success of scientific theories. The debate has been dominated by two rival types of explanations: the first relies on some sort of static, referentially transparent relationship between the theory and the unobservable world, such as truthlikeness, representation, or structural similarity; the second relies on no robust relationship between the theory and unobservable reality at all, and instead draws on predictive similarity and the stringent methodology of science to explain (...)
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  • Robustness, evidence, and uncertainty: an exploration of policy applications of robustness analysis.Nicolas Wüthrich - unknown
    Policy-makers face an uncertain world. One way of getting a handle on decision-making in such an environment is to rely on evidence. Despite the recent increase in post-fact figures in politics, evidence-based policymaking takes centre stage in policy-setting institutions. Often, however, policy-makers face large volumes of evidence from different sources. Robustness analysis can, prima facie, handle this evidential diversity. Roughly, a hypothesis is supported by robust evidence if the different evidential sources are in agreement. In this thesis, I strengthen the (...)
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  • Correspondence principle versus Planck-type theory of the atom.Sandro Petruccioli - 2014 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 68 (5):599-639.
    This article examines the problem of the origins of the correspondence principle formulated by Bohr in 1920 and intends to test the correctness of the argument that the essential elements of that principle were already present in the 1913 “trilogy”. In contrast to this point of view, moreover widely shared in the literature, this article argues that it is possible to find a connection between the formulation of the correspondence principle and the assessment that led Bohr to abandon the search (...)
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  • Old Evidence in the Development of Quantum Theory.Molly Kao - 2018 - Philosophy of Science 85 (1):126-143.
    In this article, I evaluate Hartmann and Fitelson’s solution to the Bayesian problem of old evidence by applying it to an early stage in the development of quantum theory. I argue that this case study suggests that whether old evidence is anomalous affects its support for a hypothesis. I introduce and defend two formal assumptions to accommodate this idea. This analysis not only explicates an important historical example, but it also shows that the given solution captures the intuitive importance of (...)
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  • Disregarding evidence: Reasonable options for Newton and Rutherford?Peter Achinstein - 2023 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 97 (C):111-120.
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  • Philosophy of Quantum Probability - An empiricist study of its formalism and logic.Ronnie Hermens - unknown
    The use of probability theory is widespread in our daily life as well as in scientific theories. In virtually all cases, calculations can be carried out within the framework of classical probability theory. A special exception is given by quantum mechanics, which gives rise to a new probability theory: quantum probability theory. This dissertation deals with the question of how this formalism can be understood from a philosophical and physical perspective. The dissertation is divided into three parts. In the first (...)
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  • El concepto kantiano de analogía y el desarrollo histórico del pensamiento de Bohr.Hernán Pringe - 2014 - Revista Latinoamericana de Filosofia 40 (1):29-45.
    El principio de correspondencia y el punto de vista de la complementariedad constituyen los sucesivos ejes alrededor de los cuales gira la interpretación de Bohr de la teoría cuántica. En este trabajo sostenemos que el concepto kantiano de analogía resulta un hilo conductor que permite comprender satisfactoriamente tal desarrollo histórico del pensamiento de Bohr. Mostraremos que el principio de correspondencia guía la búsqueda de analogías en la experiencia, mientras que desde el punto de vista de la complementariedad Bohr establece analogías (...)
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  • Models and the dynamics of theory-building in physics. Part II—Case studies.Gérard G. Emch - 2007 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38 (4):683-723.
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  • Weimar Culture and Quantum Causality.John Hendry - 1980 - History of Science 18 (3):155-180.
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  • Functions of Intution in Quantum Physics.Brigitte Falkenburg - 2006 - In Emily Carson & Renate Huber (eds.), Intuition and the Axiomatic Method. Springer. pp. 267--292.
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  • Reply to Touretzky and Pomerleau: Reconstructing Physical Symbol Systems.Alonso H. Vera & Herbert A. Simon - 1994 - Cognitive Science 18 (2):355-360.
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  • Modals model models: scientific modeling and counterfactual reasoning.Daniel Dohrn - 2023 - Synthese 201 (5):1-22.
    Counterfactual reasoning has been used to account for many aspects of scientific reasoning. More recently, it has also been used to account for the scientific practice of modeling. Truth in a model is truth in a situation considered as counterfactual. When we reason with models, we reason with counterfactuals. Focusing on selected models like Bohr’s atom model or models of population dynamics, I present an account of how the imaginative development of a counterfactual supposition leads us from reality to interesting (...)
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  • (1 other version)Unification beyond justification: a strategy for theory development.Molly Kao - 2019 - Synthese 196 (8):3263-3278.
    This paper considers the importance of unification in the context of developing scientific theories. I argue that unifying hypotheses are not valuable simply because they are supported by multiple lines of evidence. Instead, they can be valuable because they guide experimental research in different domains in such a way that the results from those experiments inform the scope of the theory being developed. I support this characterization by appealing to the early development of quantum theory. I then draw some comparisons (...)
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  • Emil du Bois-Reymond's Reflections on Consciousness.Gabriel Finkelstein - 2014 - In Chris Smith Harry Whitaker (ed.), Brain, Mind and Consciousness in the History of Neuroscience. Springer. pp. 163-184.
    The late 19th-century Ignorabimus controversy over the limits of scientific knowledge has often been characterized as proclaiming the end of intellectual progress, and by implication, as plunging Germany into a crisis of pessimism from which Liberalism never recovered. My research supports the opposite interpretation. The initiator of the Ignorabimus controversy, Emil du Bois-Reymond, was a physiologist who worked his whole life against the forces of obscurantism, whether they came from the Catholic and Conservative Right or the scientistic and millenarian Left. (...)
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  • A rationale for mixed methods (integrative) research programmes in education.Mansoor Niaz - 2008 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 42 (2):287-305.
    Recent research shows that research programmes (quantitative, qualitative and mixed) in education are not displaced (as suggested by Kuhn) but rather lead to integration. The objective of this study is to present a rationale for mixed methods (integrative) research programs based on contemporary philosophy of science (Lakatos, Giere, Cartwright, Holton, Laudan). This historical reconstruction of episodes from physical science (spanning a period of almost 300 years, 17 th to 20 th century) does not agree with the positivist image of science. (...)
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  • Models and methodologies in current theoretical high-energy physics.James T. Cushing - 1982 - Synthese 50 (1):5 - 101.
    A case study of the development of quantum field theory and of S-matrix theory, from their inceptions to the present, is presented. The descriptions of science given by Kuhn and by Lakatos are compared and contrasted as they apply to this case study. The episodes of the developments of these theories are then considered as candidates for competing research programs in Lakatos' methodology of scientific research programs. Lakatos' scheme provides a reasonable overall description and a plausible assessment of the relative (...)
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  • (1 other version)Unification beyond justification: a strategy for theory development.Molly Kao - 2017 - Synthese:1-16.
    This paper considers the importance of unification in the context of developing scientific theories. I argue that unifying hypotheses are not valuable simply because they are supported by multiple lines of evidence. Instead, they can be valuable because they guide experimental research in different domains in such a way that the results from those experiments inform the scope of the theory being developed. I support this characterization by appealing to the early development of quantum theory. I then draw some comparisons (...)
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  • Bohr's theory of the atom 1913–1923: A case study in the progress of scientific research programmes.Hinne Hettema - 1995 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 26 (3):307-323.
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  • Chunk and permeate II: Bohr’s hydrogen atom.M. Bryson Brown & Graham Priest - 2015 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 5 (3):297-314.
    Niels Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom is widely cited as an example of an inconsistent scientific theory because of its reliance on classical electrodynamics together with assumptions about interactions between matter and electromagnetic radiation that could not be reconciled with CED. This view of Bohr’s model is controversial, but we believe a recently proposed approach to reasoning with inconsistent commitments offers a promising formal reading of how Bohr’s model worked. In this paper we present this new way of reasoning (...)
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  • Re-examination of Fundamental Concepts of Heat, Work, Energy, Entropy, and Information Based on NGST.Pan Lingli & Cui Weicheng - 2022 - Philosophy Study 12 (1).
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  • On an Axiomatic Foundation for a Theory of Everything.Cui Weicheng - 2021 - Philosophy Study 11 (4).
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  • Trajectory Interpretation of Correspondence Principle: Solution of Nodal Issue.Ciann-Dong Yang & Shiang-Yi Han - 2020 - Foundations of Physics 50 (9):960-976.
    The correspondence principle states that the quantum system will approach the classical system in high quantum numbers. Indeed, the average of the quantum probability density distribution reflects a classical-like distribution. However, the probability of finding a particle at the node of the wave function is zero. This condition is recognized as the nodal issue. In this paper, we propose a solution for this issue by means of complex quantum random trajectories, which are obtained by solving the stochastic differential equation derived (...)
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  • (1 other version)‘But one must not legalize the mentioned sin’: Phenomenological vs. dynamical treatments of rods and clocks in Einstein׳s thought.Marco Giovanelli - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 48 (1):20-44.
    The paper offers a historical overview of Einstein's oscillating attitude towards a "phenomenological" and "dynamical" treatment of rods and clocks in relativity theory. Contrary to what it has been usually claimed in recent literature, it is argued that this distinction should not be understood in the framework of opposition between principle and constructive theories. In particular Einstein does not seem to have plead for a "dynamical" explanation for the phenomenon rods contraction and clock dilation which was initially described only "kinematically". (...)
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  • What Is the Use of Diagrams in Theoretical Modeling?Anouk Barberousse - 2013 - Science in Context 26 (2):345-362.
    ArgumentThe use of diagrams is pervasive in theoretical physics. Together with mathematical formulae and natural language, diagrams play a major role in theoretical modeling. They enrich the expressive power of physicists and help them to explore new theoretical ideas. Diagrams are not only heuristic or pedagogical tools, but they are also tools that enable developing the content of models into novel implications.
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  • Evidence amalgamation in the sciences: an introduction.Roland Poellinger, Jürgen Landes & Samuel C. Fletcher - 2019 - Synthese 196 (8):3163-3188.
    Amalgamating evidence from heterogeneous sources and across levels of inquiry is becoming increasingly important in many pure and applied sciences. This special issue provides a forum for researchers from diverse scientific and philosophical perspectives to discuss evidence amalgamation, its methodologies, its history, its pitfalls, and its potential. We situate the contributions therein within six themes from the broad literature on this subject: the variety-of-evidence thesis, the philosophy of meta-analysis, the role of robustness/sensitivity analysis for evidence amalgamation, its bearing on questions (...)
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  • The trouble with orbits: The Stark effect in the old and the new quantum theory.Anthony Duncan & Michel Janssen - 2014 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 48 (1):68-83.
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  • Theories, Models and Constraints.Friedel Weinert - 1999 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 30 (2):303-333.
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  • (1 other version)Desiderata for a Modified Quantum Dynamics.Abner Shimony - 1990 - PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1990 (2):49-59.
    A cluster of problems — the “quantum mechanical measurement problem”, the “problem of the reduction of the wave packet”, the “problem of the actualization of potentialities,” and the “Schrödinger Cat problem” — are raised by standard quantum dynamics when certain assumptions are made about the interpretation of the quantum mechanical formalism. Investigators who are unwilling to abandon these assumptions will be motivated to propose modifications of the quantum formalism. Among these, many (including Professor Ghirardi and Professor Pearle) have felt that (...)
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  • You cannot find what you are not looking for: Population differences in relational reasoning are sometimes differences in inductive biases alone.Ivan G. Kroupin & Susan E. Carey - 2022 - Cognition 222 (C):105007.
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  • Moseley's Interpretation of X-Ray Spectra.P. M. Heimann - 1968 - Centaurus 12 (4):261-274.
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  • Similarity as an Intertheory Relation.Geoffrey Gorham - 1996 - Philosophy of Science 63 (5):S220-S229.
    In line with the semantic conception of scientific theories, I develop an account of the intertheory relation of comparative structural similarity. I argue that this relation is useful in explaining the concept of verisimilitude and I support this contention with a concrete historical example. Finally, I defend this relation against the familiar charge that the concept of similarity is insufficiently objective.
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  • The Two-Body Interaction with a Circle in Time.Sarah B. M. Bell, John P. Cullerne & Bernard M. Diaz - 2004 - Foundations of Physics 34 (2):335-358.
    We complete our previous(1, 2) demonstration that there is a family of new solutions to the photon and Dirac equations using spatial and temporal circles and four-vector behaviour of the Dirac bispinor. We analyse one solution for a bound state, which is equivalent to the attractive two-body interaction between a charged point particle and a second, which remains at rest. We show this yields energy and angular momentum eigenvalues that are identical to those found by the usual method of solving (...)
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  • QED Derived from the Two-Body Interaction.Sarah B. M. Bell, John P. Cullerne & Bernard M. Diaz - 2004 - Foundations of Physics 34 (2):297-333.
    We have shown in a previous paper that the Dirac bispinor can vary like a four-vector and that Quantum Electrodynamics can be reproduced with this form of behaviour. In Part I of this paper, we show that QED with the same transformational behaviour also holds in an alternative space we call M-space. We use the four-vector behaviour to model the two-body interaction in M and show that this has similar physical properties to the usual model in L which it predicts. (...)
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  • Modular Semantics for Theories: An Approach to Paraconsistent Reasoning.Holger Andreas - 2018 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 47 (5):877-912.
    Some scientific theories are inconsistent, yet non-trivial and meaningful. How is that possible? The present paper aims to show that we can analyse the inferential use of such theories in terms of consistent compositions of the applications of universal axioms. This technique will be represented by a preferred models semantics, which allows us to accept the instances of universal axioms selectively. For such a semantics to be developed, the framework of partial structures by da Costa and French will be extended (...)
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  • Evaluating the Quantum Postulate in the Context of Pursuit.Molly M. Kao - unknown
    The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to our understanding of scientific theory pursuit by providing a detailed case study on the development of early quantum theory, from roughly 1900 to 1916. I first elaborate on why this case should be considered an instance of piecemeal pursuit by presenting the historical quantum conjectures that were being used in different contexts. These conjectures gave varied interpretations of quantization. By comparing these conjectures, I identify a general quantum postulate that captures the (...)
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  • Soft Axiomatisation: John von Neumann on Method and von Neumann's Method in the Physical Sciences.Miklós Rédei & Michael Stöltzner - 2006 - In Emily Carson & Renate Huber (eds.), Intuition and the Axiomatic Method. Springer. pp. 235--249.
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  • (1 other version)Schola quantorum: progresso, racionalidade e inconsistência na antiga teoria atômica. Parte I: desenvolvimento histórico, 1913-1925.Valter Alnis Bezerra - 2003 - Scientiae Studia 1 (4):463-517.
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