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  1. Computation, PET images, and attention.John K. Tsotsos - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):372-372.
    Posner & Raichle (1994) is a nice addition to the Scientific American Library and the average reader will both enjoy the book and learn a great deal. As an activeresearcher, however, I find the book disappointing in many respects. My two major disappointments are in the illusion of computation that is created throughout the volume and in the inadequate perspective of the presentation on visual attention.
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  • The relationship between language-processing and visual-processing deficits in developmental dyslexia.Laurie Cestnick & Max Coltheart - 1999 - Cognition 71 (3):231-255.
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  • Phonological recoding and self-teaching: sine qua non of reading acquisition.David L. Share - 1995 - Cognition 55 (2):151-218.
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  • On the bases of two subtypes of development dyslexia.Franklin R. Manis, Mark S. Seidenberg, Lisa M. Doi, Catherine McBride-Chang & Alan Petersen - 1996 - Cognition 58 (2):157-195.
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  • Can we really dissociate the computational and algorithm-level theories of human memory?Guy Tiberghien - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):680-681.
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  • Toward a theory of human memory: Data structures and access processes.Michael S. Humphreys, Janet Wiles & Simon Dennis - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):655-667.
    Starting from Marr's ideas about levels of explanation, a theory of the data structures and access processes in human memory is demonstrated on 10 tasks. Functional characteristics of human memory are captured implementation-independently. Our theory generates a multidimensional task classification subsuming existing classifications such as the distinction between tasks that are implicit versus explicit, data driven versus conceptually driven, and simple associative (two-way bindings) versus higher order (threeway bindings), providing a broad basis for new experiments. The formal language clarifies the (...)
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  • Images in search of a theory.Ben Goertzel - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):347-348.
    Images of mindis an exciting book, well-written and wellorganized, but many of the connections the authors draw between PET scan results and more general psychological issues are somewhat strained.
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  • Are developmental disorders like cases of adult brain damage? Implications from connectionist modelling.Michael Thomas & Annette Karmiloff-Smith - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (6):727-750.
    It is often assumed that similar domain-specific behavioural impairments found in cases of adult brain damage and developmental disorders correspond to similar underlying causes, and can serve as convergent evidence for the modular structure of the normal adult cognitive system. We argue that this correspondence is contingent on an unsupported assumption that atypical development can produce selective deficits while the rest of the system develops normally (Residual Normality), and that this assumption tends to bias data collection in the field. Based (...)
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  • Genes, specificity, and the lexical/functional distinction in language acquisition.Karin Stromswold - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):648-649.
    Contrary to Müller's claims, and in support of modular theories, genetic factors play a substantial and significant role in language. The finding that some children with specific language impairment (SLI) have nonlinguistic impairments may reflect improper diagnosis of SLI or impairments that are secondary to linguistic impairments. Thus, such findings do not argue against the modularity thesis. The lexical/functional distinction appears to be innate and specifically linguistic and could be instantiated in either symbolic or connectionist systems.
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  • Non-conscious word processing in a mirror-masking paradigm causing attentional distraction: An ERP-study.Marco Hollenstein, Thomas Koenig, Matthias Kubat, Daniela Blaser & Walter J. Perrig - 2012 - Consciousness and Cognition 21 (1):353-365.
    In this event-related potential study a masking technique that prevents conscious perception of words and non-words through attentional distraction was used to reveal the temporal dynamics of word processing under non-conscious and conscious conditions. In the non-conscious condition, ERP responses differed between masked words and non-words from 112 to 160 ms after stimulus-onset over posterior brain areas. The early onset of the word–non-word differences was compatible with previous studies that reported non-conscious access to orthographic information within this time period. Moreover, (...)
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  • A polyglot perspective on dissociation.Neil Smith - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):648-648.
    Evidence is presented from a polyglot savant to suggest that double dissociations between linguistic and nonverbal abilities are more important than Müller's target article implies. It is also argued that the special nature of syntax makes its assimilation to other aspects of language or to nonhuman communication systems radically implausible.
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  • Progress within the bounds of memory.Steven A. Sloman - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):679-680.
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  • Language and connectionism: the developing interface.Mark S. Seidenberg - 1994 - Cognition 50 (1-3):385-401.
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  • Dissociations in Performance on Novel Versus Irregular Items: Single‐Route Demonstrations With Input Gain in Localist and Distributed Models.Christopher T. Kello, Daragh E. Sibley & David C. Plaut - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (4):627-654.
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  • The masked onset priming effect in picture naming.Niels O. Schiller - 2008 - Cognition 106 (2):952-962.
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  • Evolutionary principles and the emergence of syntax.P. Thomas Schoenemann & William S.-Y. Wang - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):646-647.
    The belief that syntax is an innate, autonomous, species-specific module is highly questionable. Syntax demonstrates the mosaic nature of evolutionary change, in that it made use of (and led to the enhancement of) numerous preexisting neurocognitive features. It is best understood as an emergent characteristic of the explosion of semantic complexity that occurred during hominid evolution.
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  • Bright red spots or – the meaning of the meaning.G. J. E. Schmitt - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):370-371.
    There are methodological problems with the new techniques reviewed by Posner & Raichle. Some brain mechanisms are not detected by the temporal and spatial resolution. Questions are also raised by the stimulation paradigms.
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  • The meaning of baselines.David Lee Robinson - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):370-370.
    Images of mindsuperbly summarizes work on cognitive neuroscienee using PET scanning. Some of the data emphasized suggests that parietal cortex is involved in the disengagement of attention. We have discovered neurons in awake monkeys which could perform this function. Another point of emphasis is the concept of neutral cues. Although an appealing concept, it is extremely difficult to define what is actually neutral.
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  • It's a far cry from speech to language.Maritza Rivera-Gaxiola & Annette Karmiloff-Smith - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):645-646.
    We agree with Müller's epigenetic view of evolution and ontogeny and applaud his multilevel perspective. With him, we stress the importance in ontogeny of progressive specialisation rather than prewired structures. However, we argue that he slips from “speech” to “language” and that, in seeking homologies, these two levels need to be kept separate in the analysis of evolution and ontogeny.
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  • Graphemes are perceptual reading units.Arnaud Rey, Johannes C. Ziegler & Arthur M. Jacobs - 2000 - Cognition 75 (1):B1-B12.
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  • A phoneme effect in visual word recognition.A. Rey - 1998 - Cognition 68 (3):B71-B80.
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  • Biology of language: Principle predictions and evidence.Friedemann Pulvermüller, Bettina Mohr & Hubert Preissl - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):643-645.
    Müller's target article aims to summarize approaches to the question of how language elements (phonemes, morphemes, etc.) and rules are laid down in the brain. However, it suffers from being too vague about basic assumptions and empirical predictions of neurobiological models, and the empirical evidence available to test the models is not appropriately evaluated. (1) In a neuroscientific model of language, different cortical localizations of words can only be based on biological principles. These need to be made explicit. (2) Evidence (...)
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  • A Computational Model of the Self-Teaching Hypothesis Based on the Dual-Route Cascaded Model of Reading.Stephen C. Pritchard, Max Coltheart, Eva Marinus & Anne Castles - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (3):722-770.
    The self‐teaching hypothesis describes how children progress toward skilled sight‐word reading. It proposes that children do this via phonological recoding with assistance from contextual cues, to identify the target pronunciation for a novel letter string, and in so doing create an opportunity to self‐teach new orthographic knowledge. We present a new computational implementation of self‐teaching within the dual‐route cascaded (DRC) model of reading aloud, and we explore how decoding and contextual cues can work together to enable accurate self‐teaching under a (...)
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  • Interaction of method and theory in cognitive neuroscience.Michael I. Posner & Marcus E. Raichle - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):372-383.
    We divided the many diverse comments on our book into categories. These are: theory, scope and goals of our project, methods, comments on specific anatomical areas, the concept of attention, consciousness and cognitive control, and finally other issues. Although many of the points of the critics are certainly well taken, we believe studies that have emerged since our book provide strong evidence that the general approach taken in our book is now yielding important new data on the relation of cognitive (...)
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  • Neurobiology and linguistics are not yet unifiable.David Poeppel - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):642-643.
    Neurobiological models of language need a level of analysis that can account for the typical range of language phenomena. Because linguistically motivated models have been successful in explaining numerous language properties, it is premature to dismiss them as biologically irrelevant. Models attempting to unify neurobiology and linguistics need to be sensitive to both sources of evidence.
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  • Neuroimaging studies of language should connect with (psycho)linguistic theories.David Poeppel & Susan Johnson - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):369-370.
    PET studies in domains like vision and attention have been successful because the experiments are the product of highly articulated theories. In contrast, the results of PET studies investigating language processing are difficult to interpret. We suggest that this difficulty is due to the more tentative connection of these experiments with the insights of psycholinguistics and linguistic theory.
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  • A Connectionist Approach to Word Reading and Acquired Dyslexia: Extension to Sequential Processing.David C. Plaut - 1999 - Cognitive Science 23 (4):543-568.
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  • The Lexical Constituency Model: Some Implications of Research on Chinese for General Theories of Reading.Charles A. Perfetti, Ying Liu & Li Hai Tan - 2005 - Psychological Review 112 (1):43-59.
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  • Neural images and neural coding.Antonio L. Perrone & Gianfranco Basti - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):368-369.
    In Posner & Raichle's (1994) book, two essential and strictly related limitations of cognitive neurophysiology are not sufficiently enhanced: (1) The problem of “coding,” namely the capability of a natural brain to redefine its own “basic symbols” as a function of a changing environment; (2) the inadequacy of a Hebbian rule to reckon with complex computational problems such as those solved by real brains.
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  • “Shallow Draughts Intoxicate the Brain”: Lessons from Cognitive Science for Cognitive Neuropsychology.Karalyn Patterson & David C. Plaut - 2009 - Topics in Cognitive Science 1 (1):39-58.
    This article presents a sobering view of the discipline of cognitive neuropsychology as practiced over the last three or four decades. Our judgment is that, although the study of abnormal cognition resulting from brain injury or disease in previously normal adults has produced a catalogue of fascinating and highly selective deficits, it has yielded relatively little advance in understanding how the brain accomplishes its cognitive business. We question the wisdom of the following three “choices” in mainstream cognitive neuropsychology: (a) single‐case (...)
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  • If a picture is worth a thousand words, how many pictures is a word worth?Ken A. Paller - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):367-368.
    Pictures of normal brain activity during human thought can be worth a great deal. Electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging together allow both temporal and spatial dimensions of neurocognitive functions to be explored. Although these techniqueshave their limitations, the Cognitive Neuroscience approach is well-suited to pursuing questions about how words are perceived, understood, and remembered.
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  • Brain damage and cognitive dysfunction.Marlene Oscar-Berman - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):678-679.
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  • Double Dissociation: Understanding its Role in Cognitive Neuropsychology.Martin Davies - 2010 - Mind and Language 25 (5):500-540.
    The paper makes three points about the role of double dissociation in cognitive neuropsychology. First, arguments from double dissociation to separate modules work by inference to the best, not the only possible, explanation. Second, in the development of computational cognitive neuropsychology, the contribution of connectionist cognitive science has been to broaden the range of potential explanations of double dissociation. As a result, the competition between explanations, and the characteristic features of the assessment of theories against the criteria of probability and (...)
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  • When is it sensible to use PET to study brain function?Shane M. O'Mara - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):366-367.
    Posner & Raichle's book is a superbly presented and wellwritten overview of a fast-developing and important field in contemporary neuroscience. It suffers from being an overview, however, because it does not go into sufficient detail or depth in many of the issues that it raises. It also neglects many other important areas of current research, for example, technical advances in other areas, learning and memory, and lesion analysis of brain function.
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  • Müller's conclusions and linguistic research.Frederick J. Newmeyer - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):641-642.
    Because Müiller fails to distinguish between two senses of the term “autonomy,” there is a danger that his results will be misinterpreted by both linguists and neuroscientists. Although he may very well have been successful in refuting one sense of autonomy, he may actually have helped to provide an explanation for the correctness of autonomy in its other sense.
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  • Is the representation meaningful? A measurement theoretic view.In Jae Myung - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):677-678.
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  • What are the “goals” of the human memory system?David J. Murray - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):676-677.
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  • Caught in a bind: Context information and episodic memory.Kevin Murnane - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):675-676.
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  • The epigenesis of regional specificity.Ralph-Axel Müller - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):650-675.
    Chomskyian claims of a genetically hard-wired and cognitively autonomous “universal grammar” are being promoted by generative linguistics as facts about language to the present day. The related doctrine of an evolutionary discontinuity in language emergence, however, is based on misconceptions about the notions of homology and preadaptation. The obvious lack of equivalence between symbolic communicative capacities in existing nonhuman primates and human language does not preclude common roots. Normal and disordered language development is strongly influenced by the genome, but there (...)
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  • Innateness, autonomy, universality? Neurobiological approaches to language.Ralph-Axel Müller - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):611-631.
    The concepts of the innateness, universality, species-specificity, and autonomy of the human language capacity have had an extreme impact on the psycholinguistic debate for over thirty years. These concepts are evaluated from several neurobiological perspectives, with an emphasis on the emergence of language and its decay due to brain lesion and progressive brain disease.Evidence of perceptuomotor homologies and preadaptations for human language in nonhuman primates suggests a gradual emergence of language during hominid evolution. Regarding ontogeny, the innate component of language (...)
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  • Driven by information: A tectonic theory of Stroop effects.Robert D. Melara & Daniel Algom - 2003 - Psychological Review 110 (3):422-471.
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  • On the nature and scope of featural representations of word meaning.Ken McRae, Virginia R. de Sa & Mark S. Seidenberg - 1997 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 126 (2):99-130.
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  • The effect of oral vocabulary on reading visually novel words: a comparison of the dual-route-cascaded and triangle frameworks.Meredith McKague, Chris Pratt & Michael B. Johnston - 2001 - Cognition 80 (3):231-262.
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  • Developing a domain-general framework for cognition: What is the best approach?James L. McClelland, David C. Plaut, Stephen J. Gotts & Tiago V. Maia - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (5):611-614.
    We share with Anderson & Lebiere (A&L) (and with Newell before them) the goal of developing a domain-general framework for modeling cognition, and we take seriously the issue of evaluation criteria. We advocate a more focused approach than the one reflected in Newell's criteria, based on analysis of failures as well as successes of models brought into close contact with experimental data. A&L attribute the shortcomings of our parallel-distributed processing framework to a failure to acknowledge a symbolic level of thought. (...)
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  • Is the human brain only responsive?Rumyana Kristeva-Feige & Bernd Feige - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):365-366.
    Posner & Raichle's (1994) book is a fascinating and readable account of the studies the authors have conducted on the localization of cognitive functions in the brain mainly using PET and EEC evoked potential methods. Our criticism concerns the underrepresentation of some imaging techniques (magnetoencephalography) and some forms of brain activity (spontaneous activity). Furthermore, the book leaves the reader with the impression that the brain only responds to external events.
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  • Does a computational theory of human memory need intelligence?Sachiko Kinoshita - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):673-674.
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  • Innateness, autonomy, universality, and the neurobiology of regular and irregular inflectional morphology.David Kemmerer - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (4):639-641.
    Müller's goal of bringing neuroscience to bear on controversies in linguistics is laudable. However, some of his specific proposals about innateness and autonomy are misguided. Recent studies on the neurobiology of regular and irregular inflectional morphology indicate that these two linguistic processes are subserved by anatomically and physiologically distinct neural subsystems, whose functional organization is likely to be under direct genetic control rather than assembled by strictly epigenetic factors.
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  • Memory and social cognition.Yoshihisa Kashima - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):672-673.
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  • Looking for images of memory.Narinder Kapur - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):364-365.
    This is an excellent book but it lacks a detailed presentation and formulation of images of memory. Positron emission tomography (PET) findings sometimes raise more enigmatic questions than they answer, with differences between studies and differences with established lesion evidence. Perhaps the book could have been more critical in its analysis of these enigmas, covering more of the basic issues and assumptions underlying PET research.
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