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  1. Neurobiology and the Good: Is It Possible to Make a Person Moral?Roman Belyaletdinov - 2020 - Sociology of Power 32 (2):87-103.
    With the discovery of the possibility of neurobiologically and genetically interpreting the actions of a moral agent, the issue of the status of morality returned to applied ethics with renewed vigor. The biotechnological understanding of society as a whole has been a long-running trend in technoscience and can be considered as a transgression of (bio-) technologies into the sphere of ethics. The essence of the conflict between bio-conservative ethics and techno-oriented utilitarians lies in the plane of violation of the fundamental (...)
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  • Covid-19 and age discrimination: benefit maximization, fairness, and justified age-based rationing.Andreas Albertsen - 2023 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 26 (1):3-11.
    Age-based rationing remains highly controversial. This question has been paramount during the Covid-19 pandemic. Analyzing the practices, proposals, and guidelines applied or put forward during the current pandemic, three kinds of age-based rationing are identified: an age-based cut-off, age as a tiebreaker, and indirect age rationing, where age matters to the extent that it affects prognosis. Where age is allowed to play a role in terms of who gets treated, it is justified either because this is believed to maximize benefits (...)
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  • Tracing app technology: an ethical review in the COVID-19 era and directions for post-COVID-19. [REVIEW]Ehsan Hajiramezanali, Shahriar Esmaeili, Kambiz Rasoulkhani, Ali Akbari, Ali Mostafavi, Amir Esmalian & Saleh Afroogh - 2022 - Ethics and Information Technology 24 (3):1-15.
    We conducted a systematic literature review on the ethical considerations of the use of contact tracing app technology, which was extensively implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid and extensive use of this technology during the COVID-19 pandemic, while benefiting the public well-being by providing information about people’s mobility and movements to control the spread of the virus, raised several ethical concerns for the post-COVID-19 era. To investigate these concerns for the post-pandemic situation and provide direction for future events, we (...)
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  • Systemising Triage: COVID-19 Guidelines and Their Underlying Theories of Distributive Justice.Lukas J. Meier - 2022 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 25 (4):703-714.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has been overwhelming public health-care systems around the world. With demand exceeding the availability of medical resources in several regions, hospitals have been forced to invoke triage. To ensure that this difficult task proceeds in a fair and organised manner, governments scrambled experts to draft triage guidelines under enormous time pressure. Although there are similarities between the documents, they vary considerably in how much weight their respective authors place on the different criteria that they propose. Since most (...)
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  • Withdrawing or withholding treatments in health care rationing: an interview study on ethical views and implications.Ann-Charlotte Nedlund, Gustav Tinghög, Lars Sandman & Liam Strand - 2022 - BMC Medical Ethics 23 (1):1-13.
    BackgroundWhen rationing health care, a commonly held view among ethicists is that there is no ethical difference between withdrawing or withholding medical treatments. In reality, this view does not generally seem to be supported by practicians nor in legislation practices, by for example adding a ‘grandfather clause’ when rejecting a new treatment for lacking cost-effectiveness. Due to this discrepancy, our objective was to explore physicians’ and patient organization representatives’ experiences- and perceptions of withdrawing and withholding treatments in rationing situations of (...)
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  • Must We Vaccinate the Most Vulnerable? Efficiency, Priority, and Equality in the Distribution of Vaccines.Emma J. Curran & Stephen D. John - 2022 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 39 (4):682-697.
    In this article, we aim to map out the complexities which characterise debates about the ethics of vaccine distribution, particularly those surrounding the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine. In doing so, we distinguish three general principles which might be used to distribute goods and two ambiguities in how one might wish to spell them out. We then argue that we can understand actual debates around the COVID-19 vaccine – including those over prioritising vaccinating the most vulnerable – as reflecting disagreements (...)
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  • Utilitarianism on the front lines: COVID-19, public ethics, and the "hidden assumption" problem.Charles Shaw - 2022 - Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) 12 (1-2):60-78.
    How should we think of the preferences of citizens? Whereas self-optimal policy is relatively straightforward to produce, socially optimal policy often requires a more detailed examination. In this paper, we identify an issue that has received far too little attention in welfarist modelling of public policy, which we name the "hidden assumptions" problem. Hidden assumptions can be deceptive because they are not expressed explicitly and the social planner (e.g. a policy maker, a regulator, a legislator) may not give them the (...)
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  • Kant in the Time of COVID.Matthew C. Altman - 2022 - Kantian Journal 41 (1):89-117.
    During the coronavirus pandemic, communities have faced shortages of important healthcare resources such as COVID-19 vaccines, medical staff, ICU beds and ventilators. Public health officials in the U.S. have had to make decisions about two major issues: which infected patients should be treated first, and which people who are at risk of infection should be inoculated first. Following Beauchamp and Childress’s principlism, adopted guidelines have tended to value both whole lives and life-years. This process of collective moral reasoning has revealed (...)
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  • Ethics of vaccination prioritization and compulsory vaccination: An integrative approach.Nikolaus Knoepffler, Jürgen Zerth & Martin O’Malley - 2021 - Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) 11 (3-4):153-162.
    Vaccine scarcity and availability distinguish two central ethics questions raised by the Covid-19 pandemic. First, in situations of scarcity, which groups of persons should receive priority? Second, in situations where safe and effective vaccines are available, what circumstances and reasons can support mandatory vaccination? Regarding the first question, normative approaches converge in prioritizing most-vulnerable groups. Though there is room for prudential judgement regarding which groups are most vulnerable, the human dignity principle is most relevant for prioritization consideration of both medical (...)
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  • Diagnostic Justice: Testing for Covid-19.Ashley Graham Kennedy & Bryan Cwik - 2021 - European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 17 (2):(SI2)5-25.
    Diagnostic testing can be used for many purposes, including testing to facilitate the clinical care of individual patients, testing as an inclusion criterion for clinical trial participation, and both passive and active surveillance testing of the general population in order to facilitate public health outcomes, such as the containment or mitigation of an infectious disease. As such, diagnostic testing presents us with ethical questions that are, in part, already addressed in the literature on clinical care as well as clinical research (...)
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  • Life‐Years & Rationing in the Covid‐19 Pandemic: A Critical Analysis.MaryKatherine Gaurke, Bernard Prusak, Kyeong Yun Jeong, Emily Scire & Daniel P. Sulmasy - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (5):18-29.
    Hastings Center Report, Volume 51, Issue 5, Page 18-29, September‐October 2021.
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  • We Should Not Use Randomization Procedures to Allocate Scarce Life-Saving Resources.Roberto Fumagalli - 2022 - Public Health Ethics 15 (1):87-103.
    In the recent literature across philosophy, medicine and public health policy, many influential arguments have been put forward to support the use of randomization procedures to allocate scarce life-saving resources. In this paper, I provide a systematic categorization and a critical evaluation of these arguments. I shall argue that those arguments justify using RAND to allocate SLSR in fewer cases than their proponents maintain and that the relevant decision-makers should typically allocate SLSR directly to the individuals with the strongest claims (...)
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  • Ethical heuristics for pandemic allocation of ventilators across hospitals.César Palacios-González, Jonathan Pugh, Dominic Wilkinson & Julian Savulescu - 2022 - Developing World Bioethics 22 (1):34-43.
    In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic philosophers and governments have proposed scarce resource allocation guidelines. Their purpose is to advise healthcare professionals on how to ethically allocate scarce medical resources. One challenging feature of the pandemic has been the large numbers of patients needing mechanical ventilatory support. Guidelines have paradigmatically focused on the question of what doctors should do if they have fewer ventilators than patients who need respiratory support: which patient should get the ventilator? There is, however, an important (...)
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  • Getting to the Truth: Ethics, Trust, and Triage in the United States versus Europe during the Covid‐19 Pandemic.Kristina Orfali - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (1):16-22.
    Ethical issues around triage have been at the forefront of debates during the Covid‐19 pandemic. This essay compares both discussion and guidelines around triage and the reality of what happened in the United States and in Europe, both in anticipation of and during the first wave of the pandemic. Why did the issue generate so many vivid debates in the United States and so few in most European countries, although the latter were also affected by the rationing of health care (...)
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  • Utilitarian Principlism as a Framework for Crisis Healthcare Ethics.Laura Vearrier & Carrie M. Henderson - 2021 - HEC Forum 33 (1):45-60.
    This paper introduces the model of Utilitarian Principlism as a framework for crisis healthcare ethics. In modern Western medicine, during non-crisis times, principlism provides the four guiding principles in biomedical ethics—autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice; autonomy typically emerges as the decisive principle. The physician–patient relationship is a deontological construct in which the physician’s primary duty is to the individual patient and the individual patient is paramount. For this reason, we term the non-crisis ethical framework that guides modern medicine Deontological Principlism. (...)
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  • Why should HCWs receive priority access to vaccines in a pandemic?Xavier Symons, Steve Matthews & Bernadette Tobin - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-9.
    BackgroundViral pandemics present a range of ethical challenges for policy makers, not the least among which are difficult decisions about how to allocate scarce healthcare resources. One important question is whether healthcare workers should receive priority access to a vaccine in the event that an effective vaccine becomes available. This question is especially relevant in the coronavirus pandemic with governments and health authorities currently facing questions of distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.Main textIn this article, we critically evaluate the most common ethical (...)
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  • Dignity, Autonomy, and Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources During COVID-19.David G. Kirchhoffer - 2020 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17 (4):691-696.
    Ruth Macklin argued that dignity is nothing more than respect for persons or their autonomy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, difficult decisions are being made about the allocation of scarce resources. Respect for autonomy cannot justify rationing decisions. Justice can be invoked to justify rationing. However, this leaves an uncomfortable tension between the principles. Dignity is not a useless concept because it is able to account for why we respect autonomy and for why it can be legitimate to override autonomy in (...)
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  • The Perfect Moral Storm: Diverse Ethical Considerations in the COVID-19 Pandemic.Vicki Xafis, G. Owen Schaefer, Markus K. Labude, Yujia Zhu & Li Yan Hsu - 2020 - Asian Bioethics Review 12 (2):65-83.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has both exposed and created deep rifts in society. It has thrust us into deep ethical thinking to help justify the difficult decisions many will be called upon to make and to protect from decisions that lack ethical underpinnings. This paper aims to highlight ethical issues in six different areas of life highlighting the enormity of the task we are faced with globally. In the context of COVID-19, we consider health inequity, dilemmas in triage and allocation of (...)
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  • Health professionals’ knowledge about ethical criteria in the allocation of resources in the COVID-19 pandemic.Priscila Kelly da Silva Neto, Marcela Tavares de Souza, Aline Russomano de Gouvêa, Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata, Bruna Moretti Luchesi & Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia - 2023 - Monash Bioethics Review 41 (2):181-197.
    Due to the rapid advance of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, several countries perceived that human and material resources would be insufficient to meet the demand of infected patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the knowledge of health professionals working in the pandemic about the application of ethical criteria in decision-making in situations of resource scarcity. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative survey study, conducted from June to December 2020, with health professionals working in the COVID-19 (...)
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  • Epicurean Priority-setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.Bjørn Hol & Carl Tollef Solberg - 2023 - De Ethica 7 (2):63-83.
    The aim of this article is to study the relationship between Epicureanism and pandemic priority-setting and to explore whether Epicurus's philosophy is compliant with the later developed utilitarianism. We find this aim interesting because Epicurus had a different way of valuing death than our modern society does: Epicureanism holds that death—understood as the incident of death—cannot be bad (or good) for those who die (self-regarding effects). However, this account is still consistent with the view that a particular death can be (...)
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  • Clinical Ethics Consultation During the First COVID-19 Pandemic Surge at an Academic Medical Center: A Mixed Methods Analysis.Kimberly S. Erler, Ellen M. Robinson, Julia I. Bandini, Eva V. Regel, Mary Zwirner, Cornelia Cremens, Thomas H. McCoy, Fred Romain & Andrew Courtwright - 2023 - HEC Forum 35 (4):371-388.
    While a significant literature has appeared discussing theoretical ethical concerns regarding COVID-19, particularly regarding resource prioritization, as well as a number of personal reflections on providing patient care during the early stages of the pandemic, systematic analysis of the actual ethical issues involving patient care during this time is limited. This single-center retrospective cohort mixed methods study of ethics consultations during the first surge of the COVID 19 pandemic in Massachusetts between March 15, 2020 through June 15, 2020 aim to (...)
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  • The Divided Principle of Justice: Ethical Decision-Making at Surge Capacity.Sunit Das & Connor T. A. Brenna - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (8):37-39.
    As Alfandre and colleagues describe in “Between Usual and Crisis Phases of a Public Health Emergency: The Mediating Role of Contingency Measures”, efforts to maintain standards of care durin...
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  • ¿No es país para viejos? La edad como criterio de triaje durante la pandemia COVID-19.Jon Rueda - 2020 - Enrahonar: Quaderns de Filosofía 65:85-98.
    La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha levantado sospechas de edadismo y gerontofobia en diversas prácticas de racionamiento sanitario. La edad es un criterio de triaje controvertido. En este artículo se esclarece la relevancia ética de la edad dentro de los sistemas de triaje, analizando particularmente su rol dentro de los principios de equidad y de eficiencia. La equidad requiere dar más oportunidades a aquellos que han cumplido menos ciclos vitales. La eficiencia tiene en cuenta la edad de manera subrepticia al (...)
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  • Empowering the poor and the front-liners; equality of capability in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.Gerry Arambala - 2020 - Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 30 (5):248-253.
    The advent of the equality of capability theory, as developed by Amartya Sen, has brought about the radicalization of the conventional theories of social justice and development. Sen’s remarkable contribution in the field of developmental theories has paved the way for the reconfiguration and development of normative economics and political philosophy. With his insistence on humanizing development and focusing on the actual freedom of the person as the main criteria for development, Sen’s capability approach will be utilized as the moral (...)
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  • Ethical Advice for an Intensive Care Triage Protocol in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from The Netherlands.Marcel Verweij, Suzanne van de Vathorst, Maartje Schermer, Dick Willems & Martine de Vries - 2020 - Public Health Ethics 13 (2):157-165.
    At the height of the COVID-19 crisis in the Netherlands a shortness of intensive care beds was looming. Dutch professional medical organizations asked a group of ethicists for assistance in drafting guidelines and criteria for selection of patients for intensive care treatment in case of absolute scarcity, when medical selection criteria would no longer suffice. This article describes the Dutch context, the process of drafting the advice and reflects on the role of ethicists and lessons learned. We argue that timely (...)
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  • Patients Left Behind: Ethical Challenges in Caring for Indirect Victims of the Covid‐19 Pandemic.Bethany Bruno & Susannah Rose - 2020 - Hastings Center Report 50 (4):19-23.
    In response to the Covid‐19 pandemic, health care systems worldwide canceled or delayed elective surgeries, outpatient procedures, and clinic appointments. Although such measures may have been necessary to preserve medical resources and to prevent potential exposures early in the pandemic, moving forward, the indirect effects of such an extensive medical shutdown must not outweigh the direct harms of Covid‐19. In this essay, we argue for the reopening of evidence‐based health care with assurance provided to patients about the safety and necessity (...)
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  • Ethical challenges and dilemmas in the rationing of health commodities and provision of high-risk clinical services during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: the experiences of frontline health workers.Tsegaye Melaku, Ahmed Zeynudin & Sultan Suleman - 2023 - Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine 18 (1):1-12.
    Background Ethical reasoning and sensitivity are always important in public health, but it is especially important in the sensitive and complex area of public health emergency preparedness. Here, we explored the ethical challenges, and dilemmas encountered by frontline health workers amid the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in Ethiopia. Methods A nationwide survey was conducted amongst the frontline health workers from nineteen public hospitals. Health workers were invited to respond to a self-administered questionnaire. Data were weighted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. (...)
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  • Disability bioethics and the commitment to equality.Laura Guidry-Grimes - 2022 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 43 (4):209-220.
    Robert Veatch’s The Foundations of Justice: Why the Retarded and the Rest of Us Have Claims to Equality delves into deep questions of justice through the case of a child with disabilities. I describe what is basically right about this vision, as well as what is problematic from the standpoint of contemporary disability bioethics. From there, I dive into the notion of vulnerability that is at play in his work. He describes disability as necessarily a condition of weakness, lesser-than existence, (...)
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  • A Call for Dialysis-Specific Resource Allocation Guidelines During COVID-19.Jordan A. Parsons & Dominique E. Martin - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):199-201.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 199-201.
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  • Ethical Challenges Arising in the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview from the Association of Bioethics Program Directors (ABPD) Task Force.Amy L. McGuire, Mark P. Aulisio, F. Daniel Davis, Cheryl Erwin, Thomas D. Harter, Reshma Jagsi, Robert Klitzman, Robert Macauley, Eric Racine, Susan M. Wolf, Matthew Wynia & Paul Root Wolpe - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):15-27.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a host of ethical challenges, but key among these has been the possibility that health care systems might need to ration scarce critical care resources. Rationing p...
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  • Everything, everywhere, all at once.John Sarnecki - 2024 - Veritas – Revista de Filosofia da Pucrs 69 (1):e45427.
    The development and early distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine was both a singular achievement and missed opportunity. In this paper, I argue that the consensus regarding the goals of an effective and morally responsible vaccine distribution program were often eschewed in favor of a reversion to the problematic pre-pandemic healthcare distribution practices. I examine the goals of vaccine planning in terms of the public health, economic and social impacts of a distribution plan against the “first come, first served” strategies that (...)
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  • Ethical prioritization of critical care resources during COVID-19: perspectives from Italy and the United States.Lucia Galvagni & Joseph A. Raho - 2024 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 45 (3):167-181.
    This article examines some of the ethical challenges of prioritizing intensive care resources during the Covid-19 pandemic by comparing the Italian and United States contexts. After presenting an overview to the clinical, ethical, and public debates in Italy, the article will discuss the development of triage allocation protocols in United States hospitals. Resource allocation criteria underwent increased scrutiny and critique in both countries, which resulted in modified professional and expert guidance regarding healthcare ethics during times of emergency and resource scarcity.
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  • Discapacidad y calidad de vida en decisiones de triaje durante el COVID-19: marcos éticos de equidad y perspectivas queer-crip.Lautaro Leani - 2021 - Resistances. Journal of the Philosophy of History 2 (3):e21045.
    En estudios sobre economía de la salud es usual la utilización de las unidades de medida que ponderan la cantidad de años de vida esperados y la presencia de discapacidad (DALY) o la calidad de vida (QALY) durante dicho período. El objetivo de este trabajo es indagar en los supuestos y las consecuencias éticas del uso de estas unidades de medida como criterios de prioridad o desempate en decisiones de triaje durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se abordará, en primer lugar, (...)
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  • Between Usual and Crisis Phases of a Public Health Emergency: The Mediating Role of Contingency Measures.David Alfandre, Virginia Ashby Sharpe, Cynthia Geppert, Mary Beth Foglia, Kenneth Berkowitz, Barbara Chanko & Toby Schonfeld - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics 21 (8):4-16.
    Much of the sustained attention on pandemic preparedness has focused on the ethical justification for plans for the “crisis” phase of a surge when, despite augmentation efforts, the demand for life...
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  • Between Crisis and Convention: How Should We Address Contingency?Trevor Bibler - 2020 - Hastings Center Report 50 (5):17-19.
    The Covid‐19 pandemic has brought about renewed conversation about equality and equity in the distribution of medical resources. Much of the recent conversation has focused on creating and implementing policies in times of crisis when resources are exhausted. Depending on how the pandemic develops, some communities may implement crisis measures, but many health care facilities are currently experiencing shortages of staff and materials even if the facilities have not implemented crisis standards. There is a need for shared conversation about equality (...)
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  • When Exclusion Criteria Are Appropriate.Andrew M. Courtwright - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):158-160.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 158-160.
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  • COVID-19, Pandemic Triage, and the Polymorphism of Justice.Jonathan H. Marks - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):103-106.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 103-106.
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  • Examining Public Trust in Categorical versus Comprehensive Triage Criteria.Jon Rueda, Ivar R. Hannikainen, Joaquín Hortal-Carmona & David Rodriguez-Arias - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):106-109.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 106-109.
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  • Civil Disobedience in Times of Pandemic: Clarifying Rights and Duties.Yoann Della Croce & Ophelia Nicole-Berva - 2021 - Criminal Law and Philosophy 17 (1):155-174.
    This paper seeks to investigate and assess a particular form of relationship between the State and its citizens in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, namely that of obedience to the law and its related right of protest through civil disobedience. We do so by conducting an analysis and normative evaluation of two cases of disobedience to the law: (1) healthcare professionals refusing to attend work as a protest against unsafe working conditions, and (2) citizens who use public demonstration and (...)
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  • Ethical and Social Issues for Health Care Providers in the Intensive Care Unit during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: a Questionnaire Survey.Kazuto Kato, Atsushi Kogetsu, Yayoi Aizawa & Yusuke Seino - 2021 - Asian Bioethics Review 14 (2):115-131.
    This questionnaire-based observational study was conducted in July 2020 with the aim of understanding the ethical and social issues faced by health care providers (HCPs) registered with the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine in intensive care units (ICUs) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. There were 200 questionnaire respondents, and we analyzed the responses of 189 members who had been involved in COVID-19 treatment in ICUs. The ethical and social issues that HCPs recognized during the pandemic were difficulties in (...)
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  • Among equity and dignity: an argument-based review of European ethical guidelines under COVID-19.Ludovica De Panfilis & Marta Perin - 2021 - BMC Medical Ethics 22 (1):1-29.
    BackgroundUnder COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations developed guidelines to deal with the ethical aspects of resources allocation. This study describes the results of an argument-based review of ethical guidelines developed at the European level. It aims to increase knowledge and awareness about the moral relevance of the outbreak, especially as regards the balance of equity and dignity in clinical practice and patient’s care. MethodAccording to the argument-based review framework, we started our research from the following two questions: what are the ethical (...)
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  • Wir müssen abwägen – aber wie sollen wir abwägen?: Fragen der Moral in einer pandemischen Corona-Krise.Lutz Wingert - 2021 - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 69 (1):29-66.
    The global Covid-19 crisis raises at least three moral questions, which my contribution answers as follows: (1) Which patient should get treatment according to triage criteria? The patient whose treatment has the best prospect of success. (2) How should we resolve the conflict between public health measures and economic needs? Public health should have priority, but reaches its limits where the individual right to stay afloat through one’s own work is violated. (3) How should we resolve the conflict between public (...)
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  • Disability Discrimination, Medical Rationing and COVID-19.Bo Chen & Donna Marie McNamara - 2020 - Asian Bioethics Review 12 (4):511-518.
    The current public health crisis has exposed deep cracks in social equality and justice for marginalised and vulnerable communities around the world. The reported rise in the number of ‘do not resuscitate’ orders being imposed on people with disabilities has caused particular concerns from a human rights perspective. While the evidence of this is contested, this article will consider the human rights implications at stake and the dangers associated with using ‘quality of life’ measures as determinant of care in medical (...)
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  • Ethically Allocating COVID-19 Drugs Via Pre-approval Access and Emergency Use Authorization.Jamie Webb, Lesha D. Shah & Holly Fernandez Lynch - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (9):4-17.
    Allocating access to unapproved COVID-19 drugs available via Pre-Approval Access pathways or Emergency Use Authorization raises unique challenges at the intersection of clinical care and research....
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  • Rationing in a Pandemic: Lessons from Italy.Lucia Craxì, Marco Vergano, Julian Savulescu & Dominic Wilkinson - 2020 - Asian Bioethics Review 12 (3):325-330.
    In late February and early March 2020, Italy became the European epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite increasingly stringent containment measures enforced by the government, the health system faced an enormous pressure, and extraordinary efforts were made in order to increase overall hospital beds’ availability and especially ICU capacity. Nevertheless, the hardest-hit hospitals in Northern Italy experienced a shortage of ICU beds and resources that led to hard allocating choices. At the beginning of March 2020, the Italian Society of Anesthesia, (...)
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  • Multi resource allocation with partial preferences.Haibin Wang, Sujoy Sikdar, Xiaoxi Guo, Lirong Xia, Yongzhi Cao & Hanpin Wang - 2023 - Artificial Intelligence 314 (C):103824.
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  • Acceptability, Equality, and Equity: A Fair Allocation Model for Scarce Healthcare Resources During Pandemics and Natural Disasters.Ercan Avci - 2022 - Türkiye Biyoetik Dergisi 8 (3):135-143.
    INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated revisiting the matter of allocating scarce healthcare resources. During pandemics and natural disasters, applying certain allocation methods is inevitable due to an uncontrollable surge in the need for scarce resources, and those methods should distribute potential benefits and burdens according to the principle of justice. This article briefly studies four allocation models and proposes a new approach to maximize total benefits with social and ethical acceptability, equality, and equitability. For accomplishing that goal, the Acceptability, (...)
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  • Defending the Inclusion of Categorical Exclusion Criteria in Crisis Standard of Care Frameworks.Janet Malek - 2020 - American Journal of Bioethics 20 (7):156-158.
    Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2020, Page 156-158.
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  • Challenges and Opportunities for Human Behavior Research in the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.Claudio Gentili & Ioana A. Cristea - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  • Pandemics, Protocols, and the Plague of Athens: Insights from Thucydides.Joseph J. Fins - 2020 - Hastings Center Report 50 (3):50-53.
    When confronted by the novel ethical challenges posed by a pandemic, it is helpful to turn to history for guidance and direction. In this essay, the author revisits Thucydides's description of the Plague of Athens from The Peloponnesian War as he considers the New York State Task Force on Life and the Law's 2015 guidelines on ventilator allocation. Confronted by the exigencies of the Covid‐19 surge that struck New York, he questions the task force's decision not to give any degree (...)
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