Switch to: References

Citations of:

Perception and Discovery: An Introduction to Scientific Inquiry

Cham: Springer Verlag. Edited by Matthew D. Lund (1969)

Add citations

You must login to add citations.
  1. (1 other version)Minds, brains, and programs.John Searle - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):417-57.
    What psychological and philosophical significance should we attach to recent efforts at computer simulations of human cognitive capacities? In answering this question, I find it useful to distinguish what I will call "strong" AI from "weak" or "cautious" AI. According to weak AI, the principal value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion. (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1820 citations  
  • The meaning of representation in animal memory.H. L. Roitblat - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):353-372.
    A representation is a remnant of previous experience that allows that experience to affect later behavior. This paper develops a metatheoretical view of representation and applies it to issues concerning representation in animals. To describe a representational system one must specify the following: thedomainor range of situations in the represented world to which the system applies; thecontentor set of features encoded and preserved by the system; thecodeor transformational rules relating features of the representation to the corresponding features of the represented (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   312 citations  
  • Contrasting approaches to a theory of learning.Timothy D. Johnston - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):125-139.
    The general process view of learning, which guided research into learning for the first half of this century, has come under attack in recent years from several quarters. One form of criticism has come from proponents of the so-called biological boundaries approach to learning. These theorists have presented a variety of data showing that supposedly general laws of learning may in fact be limited in their applicability to different species and learning tasks, and they argue that the limitations are drawn (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   287 citations  
  • Perceiving and Desiring: A New Look at the Cognitive Penetrability of Experience.Dustin Stokes - 2012 - Philosophical Studies 158 (3):479-92.
    This paper considers an orectic penetration hypothesis which says that desires and desire-like states may influence perceptual experience in a non-externally mediated way. This hypothesis is clarified with a definition, which serves further to distinguish the interesting target phenomenon from trivial and non-genuine instances of desire-influenced perception. Orectic penetration is an interesting possible case of the cognitive penetrability of perceptual experience. The orectic penetration hypothesis is thus incompatible with the more common thesis that perception is cognitively impenetrable. It is of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   76 citations  
  • Pain and behavior.Howard Rachlin - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):43-83.
    There seem to be two kinds of pain: fundamental pain, the intensity of which is a direct function of the intensity of various pain stimuli, and pain, the intensity of which is highly modifiable by such factors as hypnotism, placebos, and the sociocultural setting in which the stimulus occurs.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   210 citations  
  • Knowledge and cognitive integration.Spyridon Orestis Palermos - 2014 - Synthese 191 (8):1931-1951.
    Cognitive integration is a defining yet overlooked feature of our intellect that may nevertheless have substantial effects on the process of knowledge-acquisition. To bring those effects to the fore, I explore the topic of cognitive integration both from the perspective of virtue reliabilism within externalist epistemology and the perspective of extended cognition within externalist philosophy of mind and cognitive science. On the basis of this interdisciplinary focus, I argue that cognitive integration can provide a minimalist yet adequate epistemic norm of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   55 citations  
  • (1 other version)Cognitive Penetration and the Perception of Art (Winner of 2012 Dialectica Essay Prize).Dustin Stokes - 2014 - Dialectica 68 (1):1-34.
    There are good, even if inconclusive, reasons to think that cognitive penetration of perception occurs: that cognitive states like belief causally affect, in a relatively direct way, the contents of perceptual experience. The supposed importance of – indeed as it is suggested here, what is definitive of – this possible phenomenon is that it would result in important epistemic and scientific consequences. One interesting and intuitive consequence entirely unremarked in the extant literature concerns the perception of art. Intuition has it (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   49 citations  
  • Attention and the Cognitive Penetrability of Perception.Dustin Stokes - 2018 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 96 (2):303-318.
    One sceptical rejoinder to those who claim that sensory perception is cognitively penetrable is to appeal to the involvement of attention. So, while a phenomenon might initially look like one where, say, a perceiver’s beliefs are influencing her visual experience, another interpretation is that because the perceiver believes and desires as she does, she consequently shifts her spatial attention so as to change what she senses visually. But, the sceptic will urge, this is an entirely familiar phenomenon, and it hardly (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  • Intrinsic intentionality.John Searle - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):450-457.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   127 citations  
  • The ‘causal power’ of machines.Zenon W. Pylyshyn - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):442-444.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   84 citations  
  • Pain is three-dimensional, inner, and occurrent.Keith Campbell - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):56-57.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   67 citations  
  • Active externalism, virtue reliabilism and scientific knowledge.Spyridon Orestis Palermos - 2015 - Synthese 192 (9):2955-2986.
    Combining active externalism in the form of the extended and distributed cognition hypotheses with virtue reliabilism can provide the long sought after link between mainstream epistemology and philosophy of science. Specifically, by reading virtue reliabilism along the lines suggested by the hypothesis of extended cognition, we can account for scientific knowledge produced on the basis of both hardware and software scientific artifacts. Additionally, by bringing the distributed cognition hypothesis within the picture, we can introduce the notion of epistemic group agents, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   27 citations  
  • Cognitive psychology's representation of behaviorism.A. W. Logue - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):381-382.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   47 citations  
  • The milk of human intentionality.Daniel Dennett - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):428-430.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   42 citations  
  • Mental phenomena and behavior.B. Libet - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):434-434.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   39 citations  
  • A fourth approach to the study of learning: Are “processes” really necessary?John C. Malone - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):151-152.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   35 citations  
  • General process theory, ecology, and animal-human continuity: A cognitive perspective.Janet L. Lachman & Roy Lachman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):149-150.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   31 citations  
  • Methods and theories in the experimental analysis of behavior.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):511-523.
    We owe most scientific knowledge to methods of inquiry that are never formally analyzed. The analysis of behavior does not call for hypothetico-deductive methods. Statistics, taught in lieu of scientific method, is incompatible with major features of much laboratory research. Squeezing significance out of ambiguous data discourages the more promising step of scrapping the experiment and starting again. As a consequence, psychologists have taken flight from the laboratory. They have fled to Real People and the human interest of “real life,” (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  • The informational character of representations.Fred Dretske - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):376-377.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   28 citations  
  • Is an ecological approach radical enough?H. C. Plotkin & F. J. Odling-Smee - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):154-155.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   28 citations  
  • Searle on what only brains can do.J. A. Fodor - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):431-432.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  • Misrepresenting behaviorism.Marc N. Branch - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):372-373.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • Representation: A concept that fills no gaps.Robert Epstein - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):377-378.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • Some thoughts on the proper foundations for the study of cognition in animals.Lynn Nadel - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):383-384.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • The question: Not shall it be, but which shall it be?Charles P. Shimp - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):536-537.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • Theoretical contingencies.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):541-546.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • Functional behaviorism: Where the pain is does not matter.A. W. Logue - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):66-66.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  • Learning theory in its niche.Howard Rachlin - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):155-156.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   21 citations  
  • An ecological approach to a theory of learning.Timothy D. Johnston - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):162-173.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  • Animal versus human minds.H. S. Terrace - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):391-392.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  • Programs, causal powers, and intentionality.John Haugeland - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):432-433.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  • The functionalist reply.William G. Lycan - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):434-435.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   13 citations  
  • How to turn an information processor into an understander.Aaron Sloman & Monica Croucher - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):447-448.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  • What intuitions about homunculi don't show.Ned Block - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):425-426.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  • Wizualizacja i poznanie: zrysowywanie rzeczy razem.Bruno Latour - 2012 - Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies 3 (T).
    The author of the present paper argues that while trying to explain the institutional success of the science and its broad social impact, it is worth throwing aside the arguments concerning the universal traits of human nature, changes in the human mentality, or transformation of the culture and civilization, such as the development of capitalism or bureaucratic power. In the 16th century no new man emerged, and no mutants with overgrown brains work in modern laboratories. So one must also reject (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Simulation games.William E. Smythe - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):448-449.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • The 'requirement of total evidence' and its role in phylogenetic systematics.Kirk Fitzhugh - 2006 - Biology and Philosophy 21 (3):309-351.
    The question of whether or not to partition data for the purposes of inferring phylogenetic hypotheses remains controversial. Opinions have been especially divided since Kluge's (1989, Systematic Zoology 38, 7–25) claim that data partitioning violates the requirement of total evidence (RTE). Unfortunately, advocacy for or against the RTE has not been based on accurate portrayals of the requirement. The RTE is a basic maxim for non-deductive inference, stipulating that evidence must be considered if it has relevance to an inference. Evidence (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • A theory of learning - not even déjà vu.George W. Barlow & Stephen E. Glickman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):141-142.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Reductionism and religion.Douglas R. Hofstadter - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):433-434.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Ecology and learning.Alan C. Kamil - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):147-148.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • New philosophies of science in the USA.Theodore Kisiel & Galen Johnson - 1974 - Zeitschrift Für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 5 (1):138-191.
    The following overview of the present situation and recent trends in the philosophy of science in the USA brings together bibliographical and institutional evidence to document the last stages of the supersession of logical positivism, the emergence of the historical school , its widespread influence upon other fields as well as within philosophy of science, and finally some of the reactions to it, many of which envision their endeavors as mediations between the historical school and the older logical approaches As (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Explaining diversity and searching for general processes: Isn't there a middle ground?Paul Rozin - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):157-158.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • An ecological theory of learning: Good goal, poor strategy.Sara J. Shettleworth - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):160-161.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • ‘Paradigms lost, or the world regained’ —An excursion into realism and idealism in science.Robert Nola - 1980 - Synthese 45 (3):317-350.
    Tensions between idealism and scientific realism have been resolved by an appeal to the theory/observation distinction. but many who support incommensurability reject the distinction in favor of a version of idealism, e.g., thomas kuhn who supports a version of relativist idealism in which the terms of a theory do refer, but only to a paradigm--relative world of entities. it is argued that the three kinds of idealism depend on a cluster theory of meaning for fixing the reference of scientific terms, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Wittgensteinian instrumentalism.Alan Musgrave - 1980 - Theoria 46 (2-3):65-105.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Decentralized minds.Marvin Minsky - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):439-440.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • The chess room: further demythologizing of strong AI.Roland Puccetti - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):441-442.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Searle and the special powers of the brain.Richard Rorty - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3):445-446.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Quark quantum numbers and the problem of microphysical observation.K. S. Shrader-Frechette - 1982 - Synthese 50 (1):125 - 145.
    The main question addressed in this essay is whether quarks have been observed in any sense and, if so, what might be meant by this use of the term, observation. In the first (or introductory) section of the paper, I explain that well-known researchers are divided on the answers to these important questions. In the second section, I investigate microphysical observation in general. Here I argue that Wilson's analogy between observation by means of high-energy accelerators and observation by means of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Empirical testing.Harold I. Brown - 1995 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 38 (4):353 – 399.
    Three major views of the observation?theory relation are now extant: (1) Observation and theory are mutually independent and observation provides the basis for evaluating theories. (2) Observations are theory?dependent and do not provide objective grounds for evaluating theories. (3) The concept of observation should be extended in a way that includes many so?called ?theoretical?entities? among the observables. Analyses of these views set the stage for a new approach that incorporates lessons learned from discussions of earlier accounts. The central idea of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations