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The Moral Judgement of the Child

Philosophy 8 (31):373-374 (1933)

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  1. Good Friendships among Children: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation.David Ian Walker, Randall Curren & Chantel Jones - 2016 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 46 (3):286-309.
    Ethical dimensions of friendship have rarely been explicitly addressed as aspects of friendship quality in studies of children's peer relationships. This study identifies aspects of moral virtue significant for friendship, as a basis for empirically investigating the role of ethical qualities in children's friendship assessments and aspirations. We introduce a eudaimonic conception of friendship quality, identify aspects of moral virtue foundational to such quality, review and contest some grounds on which children have been regarded as not mature enough to have (...)
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  • The Effects of Commitment to Moral Self-improvement and Religiosity on Ethics of Business Students.Lada V. Kurpis, Mirjeta S. Beqiri & James G. Helgeson - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 80 (3):447-463.
    Using survey methodology we examined the relationships between commitment to moral self-improvement (CMSI), religiosity, ethical problem recognition, and behavioral intentions in a sample of 242 business students. Results of the study suggest that CMSI predicts ethical problem recognition and behavioral intentions. Our findings also suggest that CMSI is positively related to religiosity. The study provides some evidence of CMSI being a mediator in the influence of religiosity on ethical problem recognition and behavioral intentions. Compared to religiosity, CMSI turned out to (...)
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  • (1 other version)Whistleblowing Auditors - the Ultimate Oxymoron?Gerald Vinten - 1992 - Business Ethics: A European Review 1 (4):248-256.
    The traditional wisdom that auditor whistleblowing is disloyal and unprofessional is under pressure in the light of public concern and the public interest, but professional support is not keeping up and more European research is needed. The author is Whitbread Professor of Business Policy at Luton University College of Higher Education, and editor of Managerial Auditing Journal.
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  • Ethical Reasoning in Action: Validity Evidence for the Ethical Reasoning Identification Test.Kristen Smith, Keston Fulcher & Elizabeth Hawk Sanchez - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 144 (2):417-436.
    Professionals in business and law, healthcare providers, educators, policymakers, consumers, and higher education practitioners value ethical reasoning skills. Because of this, we concentrated campus-wide reaccreditation efforts to help students actively engage in ER. In doing so, we re-conceptualized the ER process, implemented campus-wide ER interventions designed to be experienced by all undergraduate students, and created the ethical reasoning identification test to measure students’ ability to engage in a foundational step in the ER process. Using factor analysis, we demonstrated internal validity (...)
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  • Why do people behave immorally when drunk?Joseph Heath & Benoit Hardy-Vallée - 2015 - Philosophical Explorations 18 (3):310-329.
    Alcohol intoxication is a major source of antisocial behavior in our society, strongly implicated in various forms of interpersonal aggression. Yet, moral philosophers have paid surprisingly little attention to the literature on alcohol and its effects. In part, this is because philosophers who have adopted a more empirically informed approach to moral psychology have gravitated toward moral sentimentalism, while the literature on alcohol intoxication fits very poorly with the sentimentalist account. Most contemporary research on the psychological effects of alcohol is (...)
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  • A structured approach to teaching decision-making skills in biomedical ethics.Robert T. Francoeur - 1984 - Journal of Bioethics 5 (2):145-154.
    The prevailing case study approach to teaching biomedical ethics is compared with a new methodology using short written exercises designed to develop decision making skills. Course content of this new approach and its adaptability to computer assisted instruction with student-faculty interactive software are outlined.
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  • Culture, biology and human ontogeny.Michael Tomasello, Ann Gale Kruger & Hilary Horn Ratner - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):540-552.
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  • Instructed and cooperative learning in human evolution.Thomas Wynn - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):539-540.
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  • A social anthropological view.Tim Ingold - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (3):526-527.
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  • Social relations and understanding the intentional self.Annerieke Oosterwegel - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (1):136-136.
    Although Barresi & Moore could have grounded their framework more explicitly in existing models, they offer a provocative testbed for the assumptions of symbolic interactionism and further thinking about self-regulation, especially in autistics.
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  • On the dangers of oversimulation.Gergely Csibra & György Gergely - 1996 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19 (1):127-128.
    Barresi & Moore fail to provide a satisfactory account for the development of social understanding because of (1) their ambiguous characterization of the relationship between the intentional schema and shared intentional activities, (2) their underestimation of the representational capacities of infants, and (3) their overreliance on the simulationist assumption that understanding others is tantamount to sharing their experience.
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  • The Killing Game: An Ecofeminist Critique of Hunting.Marti Kheel - 1996 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 23 (1):30-44.
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  • (2 other versions)What is a human? Toward psychological benchmarks in the field of humanrobot interaction.Peter H. Kahn, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Batya Friedman, Takayuki Kanda, Nathan G. Freier, Rachel L. Severson & Jessica Miller - 2007 - Interaction Studies 8 (3):363-390.
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  • Failed attempts to help and harm: Intention versus outcome in preverbal infants’ social evaluations.J. Kiley Hamlin - 2013 - Cognition 128 (3):451-474.
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  • (1 other version)Intra‐firm transfer of best practices in moral reasoning: a conceptual framework.Subodh Kulkarni & Nagarajan Ramamoorthy - 2013 - Business Ethics: A European Review 23 (1):15-33.
    In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework of the intra-firm transfer of best practices in moral reasoning by integrating three streams of literature: internal knowledge transfer in strategic management, moral reasoning and epistemology in philosophy and business ethics, and leader–member exchange in human resource management. We propose that characteristics of moral reasoning (nature of moral knowledge, tacitness of moral reasoning and causal ambiguity), source characteristics (moral development of leaders), target characteristics (integrity capacity and moral development of subordinates), leader–member exchange (...)
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  • Health Care Education for Dialogue and Dialogic Relationships.Sally Glen - 1999 - Nursing Ethics 6 (1):3-11.
    This article will address the question: how can health care education best take seriously the task of educating for professional practice within a post-traditional, liberal democratic society? In the setting of modernity, the altered personal and professional self has to be explored and constructed as part of a reflective process of connecting personal and professional change: in essence, to develop self-knowledge. A moral life, or ‘working morality’, that evolves out of a process of ongoing dialogue and conversation is required. What (...)
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  • What is on our children’s minds? An analysis of children’s writings as reflections of group‐specific socialisation practices.Eddie Denessen, Lisette Hornstra & Linda van den Bergh - 2010 - Educational Studies 36 (1):73-84.
    In the present study it has been examined how children?s creative writing tasks may contribute to teachers? understanding of children?s values. Writings of 300 elementary school children about what they would do if they were the boss of The Netherlands were obtained and seemed to reflect different types of values. Most children were concerned with charity. Also, writings concerned materialist values and socio?political topics, such as human rights, power and tolerance. Analyses of group?specific differences showed girls to write more about (...)
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  • Empirical Universals of Language as a Basis for the Study of Other Human Universals and as a Tool for Exploring Cross‐Cultural Differences.Anna Wierzbicka - 2005 - Ethos: Journal of the Society for Psychological Anthropology 33 (2):256-291.
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  • Explicating the Moral Responsibility of the Advertiser: TARES as an Ethical Model for Fast Food Advertising.Seow Ting Lee & Hoang Lien Nguyen - 2013 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 28 (4):225-240.
    In adopting a deontological lens to assess message ethicality, this study identifies and explicates the ethical dimensions of fast food advertising through five principles of the TARES framework of persuasion ethics. In moral weight, fast food—with its high calories and low nutritional value—is negatively prejudiced. A deontological-ethical perspective, by focusing on the quality of the advertising message, shifts the focus from the product to a more measured deliberation about the moral responsibility of fast food advertisers to reposition them as moral (...)
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  • Organizational Ethics, Individual Ethics, and Ethical Intentions in International Decision-Making.B. Elango, Karen Paul, Sumit K. Kundu & Shishir K. Paudel - 2010 - Journal of Business Ethics 97 (4):543 - 561.
    This study explores the impact of both individual ethics (IE) and organizational ethics (OE) on ethical intention (EI). Ethical intention, or the individual's intention to engage in ethical behavior, is useful as a dependent variable because it relates to behavior which can be an expression of values, but also is influenced by organizational and societal variables. The focus is on EI in international business decision-making, since the international context provides great latitude in making ethical decisions. Results demonstrate that both IE (...)
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  • What is Moral Reasoning?Leland F. Saunders - 2013 - Philosophical Psychology (1):1-20.
    What role does moral reasoning play in moral judgment? More specifically, what causal role does moral reasoning have in the production of moral judgments? Recently, many philosophers and psychologists have attempted to answer this question by drawing on empirical data. However, these attempts fall short because there has been no sustained attention to the question of what moral reasoning is. This paper addresses this problem, by providing a general account of moral reasoning in terms of a capacity, and suggests how (...)
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  • Beyond the Individual: Sources of Attitudes Towards Rule Violation in Sport.Ashkan Atry, Mats G. Hansson & Ulrik Kihlbom - 2012 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 6 (4):467-479.
    Today, certain rule-violating behaviours, such as doping, are considered to be an issue of concern for the sport community. This paper underlines and examines the affective dimensions involved in moral responses to, and attitudes towards, rule-violating behaviours in sport. The key role played by affective processes underlying individual-level moral judgement has already been implicated by recent developments in moral psychological theories, and by neurophysiological studies. However, we propose and discuss the possibility of affective processes operating on a social level which (...)
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  • Environmental Factors Contributing to Wrongdoing in Medicine: A Criterion-Based Review of Studies and Cases.James M. DuBois, Emily E. Anderson, Kelly Carroll, Tyler Gibb, Elena Kraus, Timothy Rubbelke & Meghan Vasher - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (3):163 - 188.
    In this article we describe our approach to understanding wrongdoing in medical research and practice, which involves the statistical analysis of coded data from a large set of published cases. We focus on understanding the environmental factors that predict the kind and the severity of wrongdoing in medicine. Through review of empirical and theoretical literature, consultation with experts, the application of criminological theory, and ongoing analysis of our first 60 cases, we hypothesize that 10 contextual features of the medical environment (...)
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  • Moral Universals and Individual Differences.Liane Young & Rebecca Saxe - 2011 - Emotion Review 3 (3):323-324.
    Contemporary moral psychology has focused on the notion of a universal moral sense, robust to individual and cultural differences. Yet recent evidence has revealed individual differences in the psychological processes for moral judgment: controlled cognition, mental-state reasoning, and emotional responding. We discuss this evidence and its relation to cross-cultural diversity in morality.
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  • Relational Autonomy and Multiculturalism.Fabrizio Turoldo - 2010 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19 (4):542-549.
    The principle of autonomy, through various court rulings, gradually became part of medical practice and tradition in the second half of the 1800s, notably when the emergence of surgical anaesthesia began to raise serious questions regarding informed consent. In fact, surgical anaesthesia was initially used not only to avoid pain but also to combat patients’ resistance to operations.
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  • (1 other version)Modernity and the Upgrading of Psychological Reflectivity.Arne Poulsen - 1995 - Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 26 (2):1-20.
    The societal dynamism of modernity results in the theoretical upgrading and the actual development of personal reflective capacities, for example abstract reasoning, Kantian morality, and the development of the idiocentered perspective. These capacities are created in the disembedding of prereflective capacities, for example context-sensitive intelligence, care-morality, and mundocenteredness. The reflective capacities become the prerequisite of further modernization. The development-potential offered by the demands of modernity is accompanied by a risk of assimilative stress, for example pseudological reasoning, varieties of postmodernism, making (...)
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  • Moral sensitivity and the Evolution of higher mind.David Loye - 1990 - World Futures 30 (1):41-52.
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  • Moral Consilience.Miguel Capó, Marcos Nadal & Camilo J. Cela-Conde - 2006 - Biological Theory 1 (2):133-135.
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  • Collaborative reasoning: Evidence for collective rationality.David Moshman Molly Geil - 1998 - Thinking and Reasoning 4 (3):231 – 248.
    Reasoning may be defined as a deliberate effort to coordinate inferences so as to reach justifiable conclusions. Thus defined, reasoning includes collaborative as well as individual forms of cognitive action. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate a circumstance in which collaborative reasoning is qualitatively superior to individual reasoning. The selection task, a well known logical hypothesis-testing problem, was presented to 143 college undergraduates-32 individuals and 20 groups of 5 or 6 interacting peers. The correct (falsification) response pattern (...)
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  • Absent, full and partial responsibility of the psychopaths.Andrei G. Zavaliy - 2008 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 38 (1):87–103.
    The research into the typical behavioral pattern, motivational structure, and the value system of psychopaths can shed light on at least three aspects related to the analysis of the moral agency. First, it can help elucidating the emotive and cognitive conditions necessary for moral performance. Secondly, it can provide empirical evidence supporting the externalist theories of moral motivation. Finally, it can bring into greater focus our intuitive notion of the limits of moral responsibility. In this paper I shall concentrate on (...)
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  • Moral reasoning and business ethics: Implications for research, education, and management. [REVIEW]Linda Klebe Trevino - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (5-6):445 - 459.
    This paper reviews Kohlberg''s (1969) theory of cognitive moral development, highlighting moral reasoning research relevant to the business ethics domain. Implications for future business ethics research, higher education and training, and the management of ethical/unethical behavior are discussed.
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  • A tale of two cities: emotion and reason in the formation of moral judgement and possible metaethical implications.Susana Cadilha - 2022 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 44 (3):1-27.
    The project of naturalizing ethics has multiple contributions, from cognitive and moral psychology to primatology, neuroscience or evolutionary theory. One of the strategies for naturalizing ethics has been to argue that moral norms and values can be explained away if we focus on their causal history, if it is possible to offer both an ultimate and proximate causal explanation for them. In this article, I will focus on the contribution of cognitive and moral psychology as a way of offering a (...)
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  • The origin of human morality: An evolutionary perspective on Mencius’s notion of sympathy.Kanghun Ahn - 2022 - Asian Philosophy 32 (4):365-382.
    This paper investigates Mencius’s notion of sympathy from the perspective of evolutionary biology. First, I point out that Mencius and evolutionary biologists concur that humans are endowed with a unique ability to sympathize with others beyond kin and friends. Subsequently, I offer an analytic account from an evolutionary perspective on how this ability emerged and developed as an innate human quality—especially referencing recent theories that state that cooperation is a crucial factor that helped foster such a quality. Further, this paper (...)
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  • The role of peers on student ethical decision making: evidence in support of the social intuitionist model.David Ohreen - 2021 - International Journal of Ethics Education 6 (2):289-309.
    The history of ethics often presupposes rationalist thinking on moral issues. An alternative to rationalism has been proposed by the social intuitionist model. This model suggests the bulk of our moral decisions are ‘gut reactions’ or intuitions. Unlike the rationalists, which support reasons and deliberation to draw moral conclusions, intuitionists argue such reasoning is used to support preconceived ethical decisions. This paper provides the first investigation to determine if intuitionism has any validity within business ethics. Using data from the Defining (...)
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  • Promoviendo las competencias morales y democráticas: expresarse y escuchar a otros.Georg Lind - 2011 - Postconvencionales: Ética, Universidad, Democracia 3:26-41.
    Artículo centrado en el significado, medida y promoción de las competencias o capacidades democráticas. Tal como lo demuestran muchas Constituciones, declaraciones internacionales y encuestas, la mayoría de la población mundial valora los ideales morales democráticos. Sin embargo, en la vida cotidiana, rara vez nos comportamos a la altura de esos ideales. Para superar esa brecha, necesitamos cultivar las competencias democráticas a través de la educación, enseñando a los estudiantes a expresarse y escuchar a otros ―sobre todo a aquellos con puntos (...)
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  • Preschoolers Understand the Moral Dimension of Factual Claims.Emmily Fedra & Marco F. H. Schmidt - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:398137.
    Research on children's developing moral cognition has mostly focused on their evaluation of, and reasoning about, others' intrinsically harmful (non-)verbal actions (e.g., hitting, lying). But assertions may have morally relevant (intended or unintended) consequences, too. For instance, if someone wrongly claims that “This water is clean!”, such an incorrect representation of reality may have harmful consequences to others. In two experiments, we investigated preschoolers' evaluation of others' morally relevant factual claims. In Experiment 1, children witnessed a puppet making incorrect assertions (...)
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  • An investigation of the divergences and convergences of trait empathy across two cultures.Paria Yaghoubi Jami, Behzad Mansouri, Stephen J. Thoma & Hyemin Han - 2019 - Journal of Moral Education 48 (2):1-16.
    The extent to which individuals with a variety of cultural backgrounds differ in empathic responsiveness is unknown. This article describes the differences in trait empathy in one independent and one interdependent society (i.e., the US and Iran, respectively). The analysis of data collected from self-reported questionnaires answered by 326 adults indicated a significant difference in the cognitive component of empathy concerning participants’ affiliation to either egocentric or socio-centric society: Iranian participants with interdependent cultural norms, reported higher cognitive empathy compared to (...)
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  • The Teaching Instinct.Cecilia I. Calero, A. P. Goldin & M. Sigman - 2018 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 9 (4):819-830.
    Teaching allows human culture to exist and to develop. Despite its significance, it has not been studied in depth by the cognitive neurosciences. Here we propose two hypotheses to boost the claim that teaching is a human instinct, and to expand our understanding of how teaching occurs as a dynamic bi-directional relation within the teacher-learner dyad. First, we explore how children naturally use ostensive communication when teaching; allowing them to be set in the emitter side of natural pedagogy. Then, we (...)
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  • The Coexistence of Different Explanatory Models of Misfortune: A Case from Serbia.Danijela Jerotijević - 2015 - Human Affairs 25 (3):261-275.
    The paper discusses two concepts of supernatural explanations of misfortune and how they co-exist in a particular socio-cultural environment. The author argues that these two concepts are used differently depending on the position of the person evaluating them. While the concept of supernatural harm is usually used in “first person” narratives, the concept of God’s punishment is used by community members as a warning to all wrongdoers and cheats. Searching for the external source of problems is important for personal self-esteem, (...)
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  • Moral learning as intuitive theory revision.Marjorie Rhodes & Henry Wellman - 2017 - Cognition 167:191-200.
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  • Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments.Liane Young, Joan Camprodon, Marc Hauser, Alvaro Pascual-Leone & Rebecca Saxe - 2010 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (15):6753–8.
    When we judge an action as morally right or wrong, we rely on our capacity to infer the actor's mental states. Here, we test the hypothesis that the right temporoparietal junction, an area involved in mental state reasoning, is necessary for making moral judgments. In two experiments, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to disrupt neural activity in the RTPJ transiently before moral judgment and during moral judgment. In both experiments, TMS to the RTPJ led participants to rely less on the (...)
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  • The prosocial benefits of seeing purpose in life events: A case of cultural selection in action?Konika Banerjee - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
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  • Moral Education and the Psychology of Character.Richard Peters - 1962 - Philosophy 37 (139):37 - 56.
    It would be interesting to speculate why particular lines of enquiry flourish and fade. The study of ‘character’ is a case in point. In the '20s and early '30s the study of ‘character’ was quite a flourishing branch of psychology. It then came to an abrupt halt and, until recent times, there has been almost nothing in the literature on the subject. Perhaps it was the notorious Hartshorne and May Character Education Enquiry, and the inferences that were mistakenly drawn from (...)
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  • Does Economics and Business Education Wash Away Moral Judgment Competence?Katrin Hummel, Dieter Pfaff & Katja Rost - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 150 (2):559-577.
    In view of the numerous accounting and corporate scandals associated with various forms of moral misconduct and the recent financial crisis, economics and business programs are often accused of actively contributing to the amoral decision making of their graduates. It is argued that theories and ideas taught at universities engender moral misbehavior among some managers, as these theories mainly focus on the primacy of profit-maximization and typically neglect the ethical and moral dimensions of decision making. To investigate this criticism, two (...)
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  • The Evolution of E-learning Management Systems.Nuno Sotero Alves da Silva, Gonçalo Jorge Morais da Costa, Mary Prior & Simon Rogerson - 2011 - International Journal of Cyber Ethics in Education 1 (3):12-24.
    The development of educational technologies is enhancing a distinctive feature of learning environments: the learner’s personalized environment. However, the current literature in e-learning seems to neglect an important discussion: will individuals and organizations face an enhancement concerning ethical dilemmas due to this evolution? To promote this discussion, this paper builds on a consideration of e-learning definition and its ethical dilemmas, and human-centred learning concept and its dimensions, to examine the implications of integrating social and cultural contexts. By examining the evolution (...)
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  • Associations Between Epistemological Beliefs and Moral Reasoning: Evidence from Accounting.Natalia M. Mintchik & Timothy A. Farmer - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 84 (2):259-275.
    We investigated associations between moral reasoning and epistemological beliefs in an accounting context using the sample of 140 senior accounting students from a public university in Midwestern U. S. We found no significant correlations between accounting students' principled reasoning about Thome's ethical dilemmas and their beliefs about knowledge measured by administering Schommer epistemological questionnaire. We conducted post-hoc power analysis and present the evidence that the lack of associations should not be attributed to the lack of power. Overall, our results suggest (...)
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  • Explaining Value.Gilbert Harman - 1994 - Social Philosophy and Policy 11 (1):229-248.
    I am concerned with values in the descriptive rather than in the normative sense. I am interested in theories that seek to explain one or another aspect of people's moral psychology. Why do people value what they value? Why do they have other moral reactions? What accounts for their feelings, their motivations to act morally, and their opinions about obligation, duty, rights, justice, and what people ought to do? A moral theory like utilitarianism may be put forward as offering the (...)
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  • Living with Dementia: Communicating with an Older Person and Her Family.Ann Long & Eamonn Slevin - 1999 - Nursing Ethics 6 (1):23-36.
    This article is designed to explore and examine the key components of communication that emerged during the interactional analysis of a role play that took place in the classroom. The ‘actors’ were nurses who perceived the interaction to reflect an everyday encounter in a hospital ward. Permission to tape the interaction was sought and given by all persons involved. The principal ‘players’ in the scenario were: the patient, a 70-year-old-woman who had been admitted with dementia, her son and daughter, and (...)
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  • Individual Differences in the Moralization of Everyday Life.Benjamin J. Lovett, Alexander H. Jordan & Scott S. Wiltermuth - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (4):248-257.
    We report on the development and initial validation of the Moralization of Everyday Life Scale, designed to measure variations in people's assignment of moral weight to commonplace behaviors. In Study 1, participants reported their judgments for a large number of potential moral infractions in everyday life; principal components analysis revealed 6 main dimensions of these judgments. In Study 2, scores on the 30-item MELS showed high reliability and distinctness from the Big 5 personality traits. In Study 3, scores on the (...)
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  • It’s Not Just What You Do, but What’s on Your Mind: A Review of Kwame Anthony Appiah’s “Experiments in Ethics”. [REVIEW]Liane Young & Rebecca Saxe - 2010 - Neuroethics 3 (3):201-207.
    What is the impact of science on philosophy? In “Experiments in Ethics”, Kwame Anthony Appiah addresses this question for morality and ethics. Appiah suggests that scientific results may undermine moral intuitions by undermining our confidence in the actual sources of our intuitions, or by invalidating our factual assumptions about the causes of human behavior. Appiah worries that scientific results showing situational causes on human behavior force us to abandon the intuition, formalized in virtue ethics, that what matters is “who you (...)
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