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Theory and bioethics

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2010)

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  1. (1 other version)After virtue: a study in moral theory.Alasdair MacIntyre - 1981 - Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.
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  • Principles of Biomedical Ethics: Marking Its Fortieth Anniversary.James Childress & Tom Beauchamp - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (11):9-12.
    Volume 19, Issue 11, November 2019, Page 9-12.
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  • The Methods of Bioethics: An Essay in Meta-Bioethics.John McMillan - 2018 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    This is the first book that explains how you actually go about doing good bioethics. John McMillan develops an account of the nature of bioethics; he reveals how a number of methodological spectres have obstructed bioethics; and then he shows how moral reason can be brought to bear upon practical issues via an 'empirical, Socratic' approach.
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  • (1 other version)The Foundations of Bioethics.H. Tristham Engelhardt - 1986 - Hypatia 4 (2):179-185.
    This review essay examines H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.'s The Foundations of Bioethics, a contemporary nonfeminist text in mainstream biomedical ethics. It focuses upon a central concept, Engelhardt's idea of the moral community and argues that the most serious problem in the book is its failure to take account of the political and social structures of moral communities, structures which deeply affect issues in biomedical ethics.
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  • Democracy and Disagreement.Amy Gutmann & Dennis Thompson - 1996 - Ethics 108 (3):607-610.
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  • Four Roles of Ethical Theory in Clinical Ethics Consultation.Morten Magelssen, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (9):26-33.
    When clinical ethics committee members discuss a complex ethical dilemma, what use do they have for normative ethical theories? Members without training in ethical theory may still contribute to a pointed and nuanced analysis. Nonetheless, the knowledge and use of ethical theories can play four important roles: aiding in the initial awareness and identification of the moral challenges, assisting in the analysis and argumentation, contributing to a sound process and dialogue, and inspiring an attitude of reflexivity. These four roles of (...)
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  • Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity.Richard Rorty - 1989 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    In this 1989 book Rorty argues that thinkers such as Nietzsche, Freud, and Wittgenstein have enabled societies to see themselves as historical contingencies, rather than as expressions of underlying, ahistorical human nature or as realizations of suprahistorical goals. This ironic perspective on the human condition is valuable on a private level, although it cannot advance the social or political goals of liberalism. In fact Rorty believes that it is literature not philosophy that can do this, by promoting a genuine sense (...)
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  • Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict.Cass R. Sunstein (ed.) - 1996 - Oxford University Press USA.
    The most glamorous and even glorious moments in a legal system come when a high court recognizes an abstract principle involving, for example, human liberty or equality. Indeed, Americans, and not a few non-Americans, have been greatly stirred--and divided--by the opinions of the Supreme Court, especially in the area of race relations, where the Court has tried to revolutionize American society. But these stirring decisions are aberrations, says Cass R. Sunstein, and perhaps thankfully so. In Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict, (...)
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  • Theory Vs. Anti-Theory in Ethics: A Misconceived Conflict.Nick Fotion - 2014 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    This book argues that theory formation in ethics might be, but does not have to be, grand; local and weaker theories can also be effective. Indeed, theory formation is far more varied than theorists and anti-theorists imagine it to be.
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  • Introduction: how to do things with stories.Hilde Lindemann Nelson - 1997 - In Hilde Lindemann (ed.), Stories and their limits: narrative approaches to bioethics. New York: Routledge.
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  • (1 other version)A Theory of Justice.John Rawls - 1971 - Oxford,: Harvard University Press. Edited by Steven M. Cahn.
    Though the revised edition of A Theory of Justice, published in 1999, is the definitive statement of Rawls's view, so much of the extensive literature on Rawls's theory refers to the first edition.
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  • Moral particularism.Brad Hooker & Margaret Olivia Little (eds.) - 2000 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    A timely and penetrating investigation, this book seeks to transform moral philosophy. In the face of continuing disagreement about which general moral principles are correct, there has been a resurgence of interest in the idea that correct moral judgements can be only about particular cases. This view--moral particularism --forecasts a revolution in ordinary moral practice that has until now consisted largely of appeals to general moral principles. Moral particularism also opposes the primary aim of most contemporary normative moral theory that (...)
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  • Feminism & bioethics: beyond reproduction.Susan M. Wolf (ed.) - 1996 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Bioethics has paid surprisingly little attention to the special problems faced by women and to feminist analyses of current health care issues other than ...
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  • (1 other version)The wounded storyteller: body, illness, and ethics.Arthur W. Frank - 1995 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    In At the Will of the Body , Arthur Frank told the story of his own illnesses, heart attack and cancer. That book ended by describing the existence of a "remission society," whose members all live with some form of illness or disability. The Wounded Storyteller is their collective portrait. Ill people are more than victims of disease or patients of medicine they are wounded storytellers. People tell stories to make sense of their suffering when they turn their diseases into (...)
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  • No longer patient: feminist ethics and health care.Susan Sherwin - 1992 - Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
    Her careful building of positions, her unique approaches to analyzing problems, and her excellent insights make this an important work for feminists, those ...
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  • (5 other versions)Principles of biomedical ethics.Tom L. Beauchamp - 1979 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by James F. Childress.
    This book offers a systematic analysis of the moral principles that should apply to biomedicine. We understand "biomedical ethics" as one type of applied ethics. In our discussions of ethical theory per se, we offer anaylses of levels of moral deliberation and justification and of the ways two major approaches interpret principles, rules, and judgments. The systematic core of the book presents four fundamental moral principles--autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
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  • Moral Reasons.Jonathan Dancy - 1993 - Philosophy 69 (267):114-116.
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  • Justice and Justification: Reflective Equilibrium in Theory and Practice.Norman Daniels - 1998 - Philosophical Quarterly 48 (192):399-401.
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  • Just Health: Meeting Health Needs Fairly.Norman Daniels - 2007 - Cambridge University Press.
    In this book by the award-winning author of Just Healthcare, Norman Daniels develops a comprehensive theory of justice for health that answers three key questions: what is the special moral importance of health? When are health inequalities unjust? How can we meet health needs fairly when we cannot meet them all? Daniels' theory has implications for national and global health policy: can we meet health needs fairly in ageing societies? Or protect health in the workplace while respecting individual liberty? Or (...)
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  • The way we reason now: reflective equilibrium in bioethics.John D. Arras - 2007 - In Bonnie Steinbock (ed.), The Oxford handbook of bioethics. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 46--71.
    This article begins with some preliminary remarks about the general features and basic varieties of reflective equilibrium in moral reflection. It then considers a couple of preliminary doubts about this method. One of these doubts claims that the most plausible interpretation of RE is so comprehensive that it risks paralyzing our thinking, while the other claims that this same version of RE is insufficiently determinate in practical contexts and will thus fail to be sufficiently action-guiding. The article then explicates the (...)
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  • The feminist health care ethics consultant as architect and advocate.Susan Sherwin & Françoise Baylis - 2003 - Public Affairs Quarterly 17 (2):141-158.
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  • Casuistry: An Alternative or Complement to Principles?Albert R. Jonsen - 1995 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 5 (3):237-251.
    Casuistry is a traditional method of interpreting and resolving moral problems. It focuses on the circumstances of particular cases rather than on the application of ethical theories and principles. After a brief history of casuistry, the method is explained and its relation to theory and principles is discussed.
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  • Resolving Conflicts Among Principles: Ranking, Balancing, and Specifying.Robert M. Veatch - 1995 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 5 (3):199-218.
    While much attention has been given to the use of principles in biomedical ethics and increasing attention is given to alternative theoretical approaches, relatively little attention has been devoted to the critical task of how one resolves conflicts among competing principles. After summarizing the system of principles and some problems in conceptualizing the principles, several strategies for reconciling conflicts among principles are examined including the use of single-principle theories (pure libertarianism, pure utilitarianism, and pure Hippocratism), balancing theories, conflicting appeals theories, (...)
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  • On Eliminating the Distinction Between Applied Ethics and Ethical Theory.Tom L. Beauchamp - 1984 - The Monist 67 (4):514-531.
    “Applied ethics” has been the major growth area in North American philosophy in the last decade, yet a robust confidence and enthusiasm over its promise is far from universal in academic philosophy. It is considered nonphilosophical in West Germany, and has largely failed to penetrate British departments of philosophy. Whether it has any intellectually or pedagogically redeeming value is still widely debated in North America, where many who have tried to teach some area of applied ethics for the first time (...)
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  • Informed consent in therapy and experimentation.Alan Donagan - 1977 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 2 (4):307-329.
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  • Bioethics: a systematic approach.Bernard Gert - 2006 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Charles M. Culver & K. Danner Clouser.
    This book is the result of over 30 years of collaboration among its authors. It uses the systematic account of our common morality developed by one of its authors to provide a useful foundation for dealing with the moral problems and disputes that occur in the practice of medicine. The analyses of impartiality, rationality, and of morality as a public system not only explain why some bioethical questions, such as the moral acceptability of abortion, cannot be resolved, but also provide (...)
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  • Wide reflective equilibrium and theory acceptance in ethics.Norman Daniels - 1979 - Journal of Philosophy 76 (5):256-282.
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  • (2 other versions)Why a feminist approach to bioethics?Margaret Olivia Little - 1996 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 6 (1):1-18.
    : Many have asked how and why feminist theory makes a distinctive contribution to bioethics. In this essay, I outline two ways in which feminist reflection can enrich bioethical studies. First, feminist theory may expose certain themes of androcentric reasoning that can affect, in sometimes crude but often subtle ways, the substantive analysis of topics in bioethics; second, it can unearth the gendered nature of certain basic philosophical concepts that form the working tools of ethical theory.
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  • (4 other versions)The Methods of Ethics.Henry Sidgwick - 1874 - Bristol, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones.
    One of the most influential of the Victorian philosophers, Henry Sidgwick also made important contributions to fields such as economics, political theory, and classics. An active promoter of higher education for women, he founded Cambridge's Newnham College in 1871. He attended Rugby School and then Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained his whole career. In 1859 he took up a lectureship in classics, and held this post for ten years. In 1869, he moved to a lectureship in moral philosophy, the (...)
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  • Does Applied Ethics Rest on a Mistake?Alasdair MacIntyre - 1984 - The Monist 67 (4):498-513.
    ‘Applied ethics’, as that expression is now used, is a single rubric for a large range of different theoretical and practical activities. Such rubrics function partly as a protective device both within the academic community and outside it; a name of this kind suggests not just a discipline, but a particular type of discipline. In the case of ‘applied ethics’ the suggestive power of the name derives from a particular conception of the relationship of ethics to what goes on under (...)
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  • The independence of practical ethics.Alex John London - 2001 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 22 (2):87-105.
    After criticizing three common conceptions of therelationship between practical ethics and ethical theory, analternative modeled on Aristotle's conception of the relationshipbetween rhetoric and philosophical ethics is explored. Thisaccount is unique in that it neither denigrates the project ofsearching for an adequate comprehensive ethical theory norsubordinates practical ethics to that project. Because the purpose of practical ethics, on this view, is tosecure the cooperation of other persons in a way that respectstheir status as free and equal, it seeks to influence thejudgments (...)
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  • Ethical Engineers Need Not Apply: The State of Applied Ethics Today.Arthur L. Caplan - 1980 - Science, Technology and Human Values 5 (4):24-32.
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  • Against theory, or: Applied philosophy - a cautionary tale.Robert K. Fullinwider - 1989 - Metaphilosophy 20 (3-4):222-234.
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  • (1 other version)Balance and Refinement, beyond Coherence Methods of Moral Inquiry.Michael R. DePaul - 1993 - Erkenntnis 42 (3):413-417.
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  • Virtue ethics and anti-theory.Robert B. Louden - 1990 - Philosophia 20 (1-2):93-114.
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  • The question of method in ethics consultation.George J. Agich - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):31 – 41.
    This paper offers an exposition of what the question of method in ethics consultation involves under two conditions: when ethics consultation is regarded as a practice and when the question of method is treated systematically. It discusses the concept of the practice and the importance of rules in constituting the actions, cognition, and perceptions of practitioners. The main body of the paper focuses on three elements of the question of method: canon, discipline, and history, which are treated heuristically to outline (...)
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  • Methods in bioethics: the way we reason now.John D. Arras - 2017 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Edited by James F. Childress & Matthew Adams.
    Principlism : the Borg of bioethics -- A common morality for hedgehogs : Bernard Gert -- Getting down to cases : the revival of casuistry in bioethics -- Nice story but so what : narrative and justification in ethics -- Dewey and Rorty's pragmatism and bioethics -- Freestanding pragmatism in bioethics and law -- A method in search of a purpose : the internal morality of medicine -- Method to rule them all? Reflective equilibrium in bioethics -- Concluding reflections : (...)
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  • Anti-Theory in Ethics.Stanley G. Clarke - 1987 - American Philosophical Quarterly 24 (3):237 - 244.
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  • Fabricated Man: The Ethics of Genetic Control.Paul Ramsey - 1970 - Yale University Press.
    “Because those who come after us may not be like us, or because those like us may not come after us, or because after a time there may be none to come after us, mankind must now set to work to insure that those who come after us will be more unlike us. In this there is at work the modern intellect’s penchant for species suicide.” With these words Paul Ramsey brings to a conclusion his provocative and surprising study of (...)
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  • Why practice needs ethical theory: particularism, principle, and bad behavior.Martha Nussbaum - 2000 - In Brad Hooker & Margaret Olivia Little (eds.), Moral particularism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 227--55.
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  • The Tyranny of Principles.Stephen Toulmin - 1981 - Hastings Center Report 11 (6):31-39.
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  • The 'voice of care': Implications for bioethical education.Alisa L. Carse - 1991 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 16 (1):5-28.
    This paper examines the ‘justice’ and ‘care’ orientations in ethical theory as characterized in Carol Gilligan's research on moral development and the philosophical work it has inspired. Focus is placed on challenges to the justice orientation – in particular, to the construal of impartiality as the mark of the moral point of view, to the conception of moral judgment as essentially principle-driven and dispassionate, and to models of moral responsibility emphasizing norms of formal equality and reciprocity. Suggestions are made about (...)
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  • The ethics of genetic control: ending reproductive roulette.Joseph F. Fletcher - 1974 - Garden City, N.Y.,: Anchor Press.
    "The patriarch of medical ethics explains why some accepted ethical values need to catch up with the science of human reproduction and why newer reproductive methods can be more "natural" and humane than those they replace." -- from Publisher's site.
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  • On Knowing the ”Why': Particularism and Moral Theory.Margaret Olivia Little - 2001 - Hastings Center Report 31 (4):32--40.
    If particularism is right, the broad moral claims we make are usually riddled with exceptions. But such generalizations can still be a useful, even necessary part of moral life. They help us show what we should do, and they are essential for understanding why we should do it.
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  • Suffering, compassion and 'doing good medical ethics'.Paquita C. de Zulueta - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (1):87-90.
    ‘Doing good medical ethics’ involves attending to both the biomedical and existential aspects of illness. For this, we need to bring in a phenomenological perspective to the clinical encounter, adopt a virtue-based ethic and resolve to re-evaluate the goals of medicine, in particular the alleviation of suffering and the role of compassion in everyday ethics.
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  • Political justification, theoretical complexity, and democratic community.Christopher Bertram - 1997 - Ethics 107 (4):563-583.
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  • Anti-Theory in Ethics and Moral Conservatism.Stanley G. Clarke & Evan Simpson (eds.) - 1989 - State University of New York Press.
    "This is a timely collection of important papers.
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