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Enlightenment Liberalism and the Challenge of Pluralism

Dissertation, Canterbury Christ Church University (2012)

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  1. Engendering Democracy.Anne Phillips - 1991 - Pennsylvania State University Press.
    Democracy is the central political issue of our age, yet debates over its nature and goals rarely engage with feminist concerns. Now that women have the right to vote, they are thought to present no special problems of their own. But despite the seemingly gender-neutral categories of individual or citizen, democratic theory and practice continues to privilege the male. This book reconsiders dominant strands in democratic thinking - focusing on liberal democracy, participatory democracy, and twentieth century versions of civic republicanism (...)
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  • This Universalism which is not One: Ernesto Laclau's Emancipations.Linda M. G. Zerilli - 1998 - Diacritics 28 (2):3-20.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:This Universalism Which Is Not OneLinda M. G. Zerilli (bio)Ernesto Laclau. Emancipation(s). London: Verso, 1996.Judging from the recent spate of publications devoted to the question of the universal, it appears that, in the view of some critics, we are witnessing a reevaluation of its dismantling in twentieth-century thought. One of the many oddities about this “return of the universal” 1 is the idea that contemporary engagements with it are (...)
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  • (1 other version)Carl Schmitt's Decisionism.Paul Hirst - 1987 - Telos: Critical Theory of the Contemporary 1987 (72):15-26.
    Since 1945 Western nations have witnessed a dramatic reduction in the variety of positions in political theory and jurisprudence. Political argument has been virtually reduced to contests within liberal-democratic theory. Even radicals now take representative democracy as their unquestioned point of departure. There are, of course, some benefits following from this restriction of political debate. Fascist, Nazi and Stalinist political ideologies are now beyond the pale. But the hegemony of liberal-democratic political argument tends to obscure the fact that we are (...)
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  • (1 other version)Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism?Chantal Mouffe - 1999 - Social Research: An International Quarterly 66 (3):745-758.
    One of the main reasons that liberal democratic societies are not ill-prepared to confront the present challenge presented by disaffection with democratic institutions, is that the type of political theory currently in vogue is dominated by an individualistic, universalistic, and rationalistic framework. This erases the dimension of the political and impedes envisaging in an adequate manner the nature of a pluralistic democratic public sphere. This paper examines the most recent paradigm of liberal democracy: 'deliberative democracy', in order to bring to (...)
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  • What the Liberal State Should Tolerate Within Its Borders.Andrew Jason Cohen - 2007 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 37 (4):479-513.
    Two normative principles of toleration are offered, one individual-regarding, the other group-regarding. The first is John Stuart Mill’s harm principle; the other is “Principle T,” meant to be the harm principle writ large. It is argued that the state should tolerate autonomous sacrifices of autonomy, including instances where an individual rationally chooses to be enslaved, lobotomized, or killed. Consistent with that, it is argued that the state should tolerate internal restrictions within minority groups even where these prevent autonomy promotion of (...)
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  • The controversy about Marx and Justice.Norman Geras - 1984 - Philosophica 33.
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  • (1 other version)Can the Subaltern Speak?Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak - 1988 - Die Philosophin 14 (27):42-58.
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  • Agonistic Critiques of Liberalism: Perfection and Emancipation.Thomas Fossen - 2008 - Contemporary Political Theory 7 (4):376–394.
    Agonism is a political theory that places contestation at the heart of politics. Agonistic theorists charge liberal theory with a depoliticization of pluralism through an excessive focus on consensus. This paper examines the agonistic critiques of liberalism from a normative perspective. I argue that by itself the argument from pluralism is not sufficient to support an agonistic account of politics, but points to further normative commitments. Analyzing the work of Mouffe, Honig, Connolly, and Owen, I identify two normative currents of (...)
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  • Kant and Aquinas on the Priority of the Good.Timothy Hinton - 2002 - Review of Metaphysics 55 (4):825 - 846.
    THERE ARE SEVERAL STRIKING SIMILARITIES between the ethical views of Kant and Aquinas. Both attach great significance to the role of practical reason in ethical life; each believes that there is a fundamental principle of practical reason from which other principles or laws can be derived; both of them emphasize the importance of law in thinking about ethics; and each wants to claim that certain kinds of actions are good or evil in themselves.
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  • (1 other version)Feminism, ideology, and deconstruction : a pragmatist view.Richard Rorty - 2010 - In Marianne Janack (ed.), Feminist Interpretations of Richard Rorty. Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 96 - 103.
    Neither philosophy in general, nor deconstruction in particular, should be thought of as a pioneering, path-breaking, tool for feminist politics. Recent philosophy, including Derrida's, helps us see practices and ideas (including patriarchal practices and ideas) as neither natural nor inevitable-but that is all it does. When philosophy has finished showing that everything is a social construct, it does not help us decide which social constructs to retain and which to replace.
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  • The Subjection of Women.John Stuart Mill - 1869 - Peterborough, CA: Broadview Press.
    This volume of The Subjection of Women provides a reliable text in an inexpensive edition, with explanatory notes but no additional editorial apparatus. -/- .
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  • (1 other version)Polity and group difference: A critique of the ideal of universal citizenship.Iris Marion Young - 1989 - Ethics 99 (2):250-274.
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  • Political liberalism: An internal critique.Leif Wenar - 1995 - Ethics 106 (1):32-62.
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  • The appeal of political liberalism.Samuel Scheffler - 1994 - Ethics 105 (1):4-22.
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  • (1 other version)Thugs and theorists: A reply to Bernstein.Richard Rorty - 1987 - Political Theory 15 (4):564-580.
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  • Kantian constructivism in moral theory.John Rawls - 1980 - Journal of Philosophy 77 (9):515-572.
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  • (1 other version)Justice as fairness: Political not metaphysical.John Rawls - 1985 - Philosophy and Public Affairs 14 (3):223-251.
    The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@ jstor.org.
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  • The rights of unreasonable citizens.Jonathan Quong - 2004 - Journal of Political Philosophy 12 (3):314–335.
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  • Feminism and multiculturalism: Some tensions.Susan Moller Okin - 1998 - Ethics 108 (4):661-684.
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  • Debate: Agonism as deliberation – on Mouffe's theory of democracy.Andrew Knops - 2007 - Journal of Political Philosophy 15 (1):115–126.
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  • Should political philosophy be done without metaphysics?Jean Hampton - 1989 - Ethics 99 (4):791-814.
    In this paper, The author discusses rawls's recent argument that the aim of political philosophy is not the pursuit of truth but of "free agreement, Reconciliation through public reason" designed to forge an "overlapping consensus." although the author is prepared to agree that political philosophy should sometimes have this goal, She maintains that there are metaphysical commitments about the nature of human beings underlying philosophy itself which commit the political philosophers to pursuing conditions of freedom and equal respect for all, (...)
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  • What toleration is.Andrew Jason Cohen - 2004 - Ethics 115 (1):68-95.
    Attempting to settle various debates from recent literature regarding its precise nature, I offer a detailed conceptual analysis of toleration. I begin by isolating toleration from other notions; this provides us some guidance by introducing the eight definitional conditions of toleration that I then explicate and defend. Together, these eight conditions indicate that toleration is an agent’s intentional and principled refraining from interfering with an opposed other (or their behavior, etc.) in situations of diversity, where the agent believes she has (...)
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  • (1 other version)Civic education and liberal legitimacy.Harry Brighouse - 1998 - Ethics 108 (4):719-745.
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  • Kant's politics of enlightenment.Ciaran Cronin - 2003 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 41 (1):51-80.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Philosophy 41.1 (2003) 51-80 [Access article in PDF] Kant's Politics of Enlightenment Ciaran Cronin THE ENDURING RESONANCE OF Kant's brief essay "An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?" (henceforth "WE") can be traced in large part to the connection it makes between two ideas central to the self-understanding of European modernity. The first is the idea of autonomy implicit in its famous definition (...)
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  • The Morals of Modernity.Charles E. Larmore - 1996 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    The essays collected in this volume all explore the problem of the relation between moral philosophy and modernity. Charles Larmore addresses this problem by attempting to define the way distinctive forms of modern experience should orientate our moral thinking. Charles Larmore wonders whether the dominant forms of modern philosophy have not become blind to important dimensions of the moral life. The book argues against recent attempts to return to the virtue-centered perspective of ancient Greek ethics. As well as exploring the (...)
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  • The Moral Basis of Political Liberalism.Charles Larmore - 1999 - Journal of Philosophy 96 (12):599.
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  • (1 other version)The Law of Peoples.John Rawls - 1993 - Critical Inquiry 20 (1):36-68.
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  • Isaiah Berlin: Liberalism and pluralism in theory and practice.Jason Ferrell - 2009 - Contemporary Political Theory 8 (3):295-316.
    One of the most pressing dilemmas of the moment concerns pluralism and the issue of justification: how does one defend a commitment to any particular position? The fear is that pluralism undercuts our ability to justify our moral and political views, and thereby leads to relativism. As I argue here, Isaiah Berlin provides an exemplary argument concerning the ties between pluralism and liberalism. Although Berlin admits there is no logical link between pluralism and liberalism, he nevertheless highlights plausible ties between (...)
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  • Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach.Martha C. Nussbaum - 2000 - Cambridge University Press.
    In this major book Martha Nussbaum, one of the most innovative and influential philosophical voices of our time, proposes a kind of feminism that is genuinely international, argues for an ethical underpinning to all thought about development planning and public policy, and dramatically moves beyond the abstractions of economists and philosophers to embed thought about justice in the concrete reality of the struggles of poor women. Nussbaum argues that international political and economic thought must be sensitive to gender difference as (...)
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  • Two Concepts of Liberal Pluralism.George Crowder - 2007 - Political Theory 35 (2):121-146.
    Is the liberal state entitled to intervene in the internal affairs of its nonliberal minorities to promote individual autonomy as a public ideal, or should it tolerate the nonliberal practices of such groups in the name of legitimate diversity? This problem can be fruitfully approached from the perspective of Isaiah Berlin's notion of "value pluralism." According to William Galston, value pluralism privileges a form of liberalism that is maximally accommodating of nonliberal groups and their practices. I agree that pluralism fits (...)
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  • The Counter-Enlightenment.IsaiahHG Berlin - 1997 - In Isaiah Berlin (ed.), Against the current: essays in the history of ideas. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 1-32.
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  • The Originality of Machiavelli.IsaiahHG Berlin - 1997 - In Isaiah Berlin (ed.), Against the current: essays in the history of ideas. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 33-100.
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  • (1 other version)The Fragmentation of Value.Thomas Nagel - 1979 - In Mortal questions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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  • Isaiah Berlin and the quest for liberal pluralism.Eric Mack - 1993 - Public Affairs Quarterly 7 (3):215-230.
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  • The graying of Berlin. [REVIEW]Daniel M. Weinstock - 1997 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 11 (4):481-501.
    In Isaiah Berlin, John Gray interprets Berlin as having made value pluralism the basis of an anti‐rationalist, “agonistic” liberalism. Gray argues that Berlin's value pluralism actually stands in tension with his liberalism, and that a whole‐hearted affirmation of value pluralism should have led him to reject the claim that liberal institutions are morally superior. But Berlin's pluralism is more moderate than that ascribed to him by Gray, in that it does not allow for diminishing the value of liberty beyond a (...)
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  • Liberalism and Communitarianism.Will Kymlicka - 1988 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 18 (2):181 - 203.
    It is a commonplace amongst communitarians, socialists and feminists alike that liberalism is to be rejected for its excessive ‘individualism’ or ‘atomism,’ for ignoring the manifest ways in which we are ‘embedded’ or ‘situated’ in various social roles and communal relationships. The effect of these theoretical flaws is that liberalism, in a misguided attempt to protect and promote the dignity and autonomy of the individual, has undermined the associations and communities which alone can nurture human flourishing.My plan is to examine (...)
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  • Liberalism, Communitarianism, and Political Community.Chandran Kukathas - 1996 - Social Philosophy and Policy 13 (1):80.
    The primary concern of this essay is with the question “What is a political community?” This question is important in its own right. Arguably, the main purpose of political philosophy is to provide an account of the nature of political association and, in so doing, to describe the relations that hold between the individual and the state. The question is also important, however, because of its centrality in contemporary debate about liberalism and community.
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  • Progress without foundations?Norman Geras - 1996 - Res Publica 2 (1):115-128.
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  • Assessing the communitarian critique of liberalism.Allen E. Buchanan - 1989 - Ethics 99 (4):852-882.
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  • (1 other version)The Return of the Political.Chantal Mouffe - 1993 - Science and Society 60 (1):116-119.
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  • Rawlsians, Pluralists, and Cosmopolitans.Attracta Ingram - 1996 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 40:147-161.
    Some of us were introduced to political philosophy as an activity of identifying, criticising, and revising the moral basis of existing social institutions. We asked questions about the nature of the good or the just society, and some few of us thought that once we knew and advocated the truth, it would win out. We, or some appropriate revolutionary or reforming group or class, would with reason, truth, and history on our side, bring about the society of our ideals. When (...)
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  • Liberalism, Pluralism, and Political Justification.Robert B. Talisse - 2005 - The Harvard Review of Philosophy 13 (2):57-72.
    In popular parlance the term "liberalism" denotes a collection of welfarist and progressive social policies, but I am here concerned with liberalism as the theoretical framework within which familiar debates over distributive justice and the scope of state power typically are conducted. To be sure, liberalism in this sense is a complex doctrine, but its core has been well captured by Martha Nussbaum.
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  • Communitarian critics of liberalism.Amy Gutmann - 2002 - In Derek Matravers & Jonathan E. Pike (eds.), Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology. New York: Routledge. pp. 308 - 322.
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  • Agonism in divided societies.Andrew Schaap - 2006 - Philosophy and Social Criticism 32 (2):255-277.
    This article considers how reconciliation might be understood as a democratic undertaking. It does so by examining the implications of the debate between theorists of ‘deliberative’ and ‘agonistic’ democracy for the practice of democracy in divided societies. I argue that, in taking consensus as a regulative idea, deliberative democracy tends to conflate moral and political community thereby representing conflict as already communal. In contrast, an agonistic theory of democracy provides a critical perspective from which to discern what is at stake (...)
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  • Theoretical foundations of liberalism.Jeremy Waldron - 1987 - Philosophical Quarterly 37 (147):127-150.
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  • (1 other version)Two concepts of multiculturalism.Yael Tamir - 1995 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 29 (2):161–172.
    Yael Tamir; Two Concepts of Multiculturalism, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 29, Issue 2, 30 May 2006, Pages 161–172, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467.
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  • (1 other version)The Law of Peoples.John Rawls - 1999 - Philosophical Quarterly 51 (203):246-253.
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  • (1 other version)Isaiah Berlin's Cosmopolitan Ethics.Alex Zakaras - 2004 - Political Theory 32 (4):495-518.
    This essay offers a reinterpretation of Isaiah Berlin's value pluralism. It argues that pluralism is above all an ethical stance by means of which Berlin asserts the importance of empathy, imagination, and freedom in any good human life. Emphasizing these elements of Berlin's thought draws out his deeply cosmopolitan outlook, which his critics have often ignored. On this reading, Berlin is no defender of cultural particularism-rather, he prefers individuals who understand their choices and aspirations against a broad background of incommensurable (...)
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  • The Pursuit of the Ideal.IsaiahHG Berlin - 2013 - The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas.
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  • Introduction.David Boucher & Paul Kelly - 2003 - In David Boucher & Paul Joseph Kelly (eds.), Political Thinkers: From Socrates to the Present. 2nd. ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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