В данной реплике, инициированной дискуссией относительно философских проблем сериала «Черное зеркало», исследуется вопрос о том, может ли искусственный интеллект обладать сознанием. Для возможного ответа на него рассматриваются концепции «Я» как мышления Рене Декарта и мира как воли и представления Артура Шопенгауэра; также вовлекаются современные представления из области психологии и нейропсихологии. Кроме того, выделяются ключевые понятия, относящиеся к человеческому поведению, такие как субъект, субъектность и сознание, которые впоследствии могли бы использоваться для описания не человеческой деятельности.

статье рассматривается философская позиция критики метафизики в контексте негативных философских традиций скептицизма, релятивизма и апофатической онтотеологии. Задается вопрос о том, в чем состоит принципиальное отличие негативных позиций скептицизма, релятивизма и апофатизма от реализма. Показано, что и в случае положительной онтологии, которая допускает познание мира, и в случае отрицательной онтологии, которая запрещает познание мира, речь идет о познаваемости познаваемого и непознаваемости непознаваемого. Но философия бы закончилась, почти не начавшись, этой тривиальной тавтологией, если бы не мыслила содержательно. Содержательные же вопросы относятся к (...) установлению границ между познающим и миром, они задаются о природе связи между субъектом и данным ему в познании материалом или о причинах отсутствия связи между субъектом и тем, что лежит вне сферы его познания – «Великим Внешним». Показано, что отрицательная онтология, которая полагает предел нашему мышлению и утверждает непознаваемость мира в целом, тем не менее, остается онтологией, т. е. концептуальным выражением нашего постижения бытия и условий его непознаваемости. Таким образом, показано, что любая критика метафизики, включая релятивизм, нуждается в онтологии. Такая точка зрения обезвреживает релятивизм и по-зволяет помыслить философию в целом в качестве онтологически укорененного знания. (shrink)

It is shown that modern informative society is characterized by social and cultural processes, acceleration and by complication of that, results in valued-semantic transformation of bases of culture and requires rethinking at the level of philosophical generalization of problems of informatization and computerization of society. Grounded, that a modern sociocultural situation is characterized by a saturation and variety of dynamic processes. Modern public tendencies predetermine expansion of actual communicative space, change of existent cultural configurations. The basic tendencies of globalization most (...) clearly show up in informatively-cultural processes that is today marked an ambiguousness and complication. At the same time, an idea speaks out, that if to examine modern society in the wide understanding, as a difficult multilevel system, the culture of informative society it is expedient to understand as an of informatively-communication system. Established, that substantial influence is on the public conduct of man, on development of the economic and political system, the new system of values and newest cognitive and practical priorities, cultures predefined by transformation, carry out on functioning of practically all social institutes, by the origin of new cultural practices, change of informative space of modern society. Established, that becomes the backbone beginning of new informative culture her more close intercommunication with an environment, with that she is connected by many network copulas. Ability to manipulate these copulas, not losing connections with the internal culture of man, ability to finish building necessary for this purpose components without oblivion of the main valued options of personality are characterized by the degree of development of modern informative culture. It is shown that becoming of new level of informative culture takes place depending on the change of relations between social subjects and social changes that take place, and that is related to the transition from industrial society to post-industrial society. This situation determines the requirement of new informative civilization in the rapid method of revision of norms and standards that construct the changes of culture in accordance with a social dynamics and evolution. A global computer network today becomes a new informative environment that can at certain terms adequately to represent current status of society qualitatively, but in actual fact, as a rule, opposite, distorts the idea of users about objective reality. Grounded, that an informative culture contains the supply of knowledge of sciences, drawing on accomplishments of that is a necessity for successful informative activity, and ability to use the got skills in practical activity. In the conditions of informative society, developed facilities of communication, computer networks, banks of information, knowledge at once leveled and become general acquisition. It will be that a modern informative culture up to a point is the result of new type of thinking, that is formed as a result of freeing of individual from workaday informatively-intellectual work by means of new information technologies. This new culture absorbed for itself all the previous forms, uniting them in single unit. Drawn conclusion, that as far as development of scientific and technical progress of concept of informative culture absorbed for itself knowledge from those sciences, that became founding for realization fundamentally of new approaches in-process with information, that provide the decision of problem of informative crisis. Special influence on filling of concept «informative culture» next to philosophers did works of specialists new maintenance in industry of informatics, computing engineering, new information technologies. Established, that an informative culture is a new type of communication, that gives an opportunity of free choice of personality in informative space. It is underlined at the same time, that an informative culture is informative activity, by quality description of vital functions of man in area of receipt, transmission, storage and use of information. Grounded, that by submitting organic unit on the maintenance, an informative culture appears as a degree of perfection of man, society on the whole or his certain part in relation to the use of information in all possible forms of activity. (shrink)

The article explored the relationship of the notions of "spirit", "spirituality" and "personality". Their meaning in the philosophy of G. Hegel J. Fichte, F. Nietzsche, N. Hartmann, N. Berdiaev, S. Franko and modern Ukrainian philosophy is analyzed. It was found that Hegel has the concept of the personality of the Roman jurists’ spiritual qualities: personality is not only a person who has property but it is personification. It is the opinion of the personality of the scholar is able to be (...) objective foundation of the state and of social existence and ensure the equality of people in the state. Studied Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Berdiaev, Franko, Buber traced philosophical affinity of the views of Hegel. It is discovered that tradition combines with the concept of the four levels of spiritual development of man from the position of the proposed concept analyzed the content of the concepts of "spirit", "spirituality", "personality". It is proven that the human spirit is the personal quality of the level of development that causes her to act with the interests of society, population. The spirit of this principle that dictates a person personal way of life, abandon the selfishness of they own benefits. Spirituality is a belief in the ability to achieve moral purity and the level of the individual, which must be not only personification of the spirit, and metaphysics the foundation of public life. (shrink)

The article concerns one of the most important issues of our time – the problem of the quality of modern leaders’ thinking. Under conditions of historical challenges previously not observed, in terms of fundamental changes in the economy, socio-political, informational and other spheres, incommensurably with the circumstances of past ages, the dependence of all people from leaders’ decisions has increased. One of the reasons for the deficit of leaders, who think profoundly, are truly educated and are comprehensively developed, is narrowness (...) of thinking, poor philosophical culture, ignoring of the knowledge, verified by life, that philosophy has accumulated over the millennia of its existence in the context of various cultures and civilizations. (shrink)