A compact microcontroller based photoacoustic spectrometer (PAS) has been designed and fabricated. The photoacoustic (PA) cell designed for the present study is of Helmholtz resonator type with a provision to measure the sample behavior as a function of temperature. In this system, an electret microphone is employed to achieve high signal to noise ratio. The microphone compartment is isolated from the sample compartment to avoid the heating effect to the electric microphone which detects the photoacoustic signal. A high-gain low-noise (...) two stage preamplifier, second order bandpass and tunable narrow band-pass filters have been designed with a low noise op-amp LM308 to improve signal quality. C8051F060 microcontroller-based phase sensitive detector has been implemented to measure the amplitude and phase of the signal from the photoacoustic cell. The applications of PAS for phase transition studies on some samples are presented. The designed system is low-cost, very compact and easy to carry the experiments for studying the thermal properties of samples. (shrink)

Agriculture is critical to the growth of an agricultural country. Many industries, including agricultural, have been altered as a result of the fast rise of Internet of Things-based technology. In India, farming employs over 70% of the people and generates one-third of the nation's capital. Agriculture-related issues have traditionally hampered the country's progress. The only answer to this challenge is smart agriculture, which involves upgrading conventional agricultural processes. Solutions based on IoT are being developed to autonomously manage and monitor agricultural (...) crops with minimum human intervention. Many elements of technology engaged in the realm of IoT in agriculture are covered in this article. It describes the essential components of IoT-based smart farming. Farmers benefit from IoTbased Agriculture by collecting live knowledge (Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Humidity) of agricultural data. These real-time measurements enable farmers to experiment with new agricultural techniques in order to boost average crop yields as well as plant quality. All of these actions will be controlled by any remote smart device or computer linked to the Internet, and they will be carried out by connecting sensors, Wi-Fi or ZigBee modules, cameras, and actuators with a Raspberry Pi and a microcontroller. (shrink)

Broadening access to both computational and educational resources is crit- ical to diffusing machine learning (ML) innovation. However, today, most ML resources and experts are siloed in a few countries and organizations. In this article, we describe our pedagogical approach to increasing access to applied ML through a massive open online course (MOOC) on Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML). We suggest that TinyML, applied ML on resource-constrained embedded devices, is an attractive means to widen access because TinyML leverages low-cost and globally (...) accessible hardware and encourages the development of complete, self-contained applications, from data collection to deployment. To this end, a collaboration between academia and industry produced a four part MOOC that provides application-oriented instruction on how to develop solutions using TinyML. The series is openly available on the edX MOOC platform, has no prerequisites beyond basic programming, and is designed for global learners from a variety of backgrounds. It introduces real-world applications, ML algorithms, data-set engineering, and the ethi- cal considerations of these technologies through hands-on programming and deployment of TinyML applications in both the cloud and on their own microcontrollers. To facili- tate continued learning, community building, and collaboration beyond the courses, we launched a standalone website, a forum, a chat, and an optional course-project com- petition. We also open-sourced the course materials, hoping they will inspire the next generation of ML practitioners and educators and further broaden access to cutting-edge ML technologies. (shrink)

The goal of this project is to create a prototype smart farm using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Developing an Internet of Things feeding control system and designing and implementing environmental monitoring and control systems for farm housing are the primary objectives. The development method uses open-source hardware and software and is conducted in pig farms in the Thai region of Nakhon Si Thammara. An ESP8266 Wi-Fi microcontroller is crucial to the system design, allowing several sensors to be connected (...) to the server and actuators to be controlled. The MQTT protocol is used to transmit data over a secure wireless local network. The data flow is designed using Node-RED, and storage is handled using a NoSQL database such as InFluxDB. The feeding control system achieved a 100% compliance rate by following instructions continuously. End customers can utilise a web application on their PCs or cellphones to obtain real-time data and operate the system. Furthermore, the collected data is processed and analysed as big data, which facilitates the analysis of climate change trends in the vicinity of the study site and forecasting. The overall performance rating of the system received great marks from users, averaging 4.40 out of 5 with a 0.46 standard deviation. As a result, the created IoT system functions as a prototype that may be further enhanced for use in bigger farms or other agricultural environments. (shrink)

Accident occur as public do not follow the traffic rules, like not maintaining a proper braking distance between two vehicles, they also fail to follow the traffic signals when it is ‘RED’, also due to the fast life everyone is in a hurry of reaching the destination in time. In this paper, propose system implementing an IOT based Vehicle Tracking, Accident Detection, Accident Avoidance, Drunk Driver Detection and Fire Detection System. This system using Vibration sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, Alcohol Sensor, Smoke (...) Sensor, Web camera, GPS, Arduino Microcontroller, Android App. Our application focus on to providing them more convenience with vehicle safety. It provides Real-time vehicle location information also integrated Google Maps in the application. (shrink)

Wireless Sensors Network is a novel field shows tremendous application potential. To monitor the environmental parameters of high-tech polyhouse the Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is developed. The heart of this ubiquitous field is the Wireless Sensor Node. Moreover, the field of microcontroller based embedded technology is innovative and more reliable. Therefore, based on an embedded technology and the RF module Zigbee a wireless senor node is designed about highly promising AVR ATmega8L microcontroller and implemented for WSN development. Recently, (...) the modern agriculturists are demanding sophisticated instrumentation for measurement and control of environmental parameters of the polyhouse. To enhance crop yield one has to provide controlled environment to the crop. The humidity is important parameter, which plays vital role on the crop yield. Therefore, a Wireless Sensors Network (WSN) is designed and implemented for monitoring of humidity of polyhouse and the results of implementation are interpreted in this paper. (shrink)

This research work presents a cost-effective facial recognition alert system using the ESP32 microcontroller to enhance real-time security. The system integrates high-resolution cameras with Python’s facial recognition libraries to identify individuals. When an unknown face is detected, it triggers an immediate alert via the ESP32, activating an alarm. This solution is both scalable and affordable, making advanced security accessible to small businesses and residential areas. The system improves overall security by automating surveillance, reducing the need for manual monitoring.

Internet of Things (IoT) conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real world objects (things) through the Internet [1]. When it comes to our house, this concept can be aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IoT project focuses on building a smart wireless home security system which sends alerts to the owner by using Internet in case of any trespass and raises an alarm optionally. Besides, the same can also be utilized for home automation by (...) making use of the same set of sensors. The leverage obtained by preferring this system over the similar kinds of existing systems is that the alerts and the status sent by the Wi-Fi connected microcontroller managed system can be received by the user on his phone from any distance irrespective of whether his mobile phone is connected to the internet. The microcontrolleri used in the current prototype is the TI-CC3200 Launchpad board which comes with an embedded micro-controller and an onboard Wi- Fi shield making use of which all the electrical appliances inside the home can be controlled and managed. (shrink)

This project centers on developing a geo-tagging and monitoring system for plantations within the catchment area of a hydro project. Designed for the forest department, it provides real-time insights into environmental conditions to support the sustainable management of forest resources. The system comprises an Arduino Uno microcontroller that integrates GPS, DHT11 (temperature and humidity sensor), and LoRa modules to track and communicate critical data, such as the geographic location, temperature, and humidity around each plantation site. Powered by a 7.4V (...) Li-ion battery and regulated through an LM7805 voltage regulator for consistent 5V output, the system is optimized for low power consumption to ensure longevity in remote settings. Using the LoRa module, the system transmits data over long distances to a central receiver, which could be stationed at a monitoring hub. This data transmission operates independently of internet connectivity, making it ideal for isolated forest areas where network coverage is limited or non-existent. Each plant or designated plantation area can be geo-tagged and monitored through data collected by the sensors and sent through LoRa communication. The data is then processed and can be visualized on a server or application interface, giving forest officials an overview of the environmental conditions in each monitored area. This innovative system offers a scalable solution for remote environmental monitoring, allowing for expansion with additional sensors or wider deployment across forest areas. Furthermore, it lays a foundation for enhanced forest management through features like environmental alerts and trend monitoring, potentially aiding in conservation efforts by ensuring optimal conditions for plantation growth. By leveraging IoT technology in an eco-friendly, power-efficient setup, this project presents a modern approach to sustainable forestry and plantation monitoring. (shrink)

The main objective of this project is to improve an existing real-time vehicle tracking system by improving its control circuit with GPS and a microcontroller. It uses GPS technology to track the vehicle location; the position data of the vehicle is updated in a real-time manner so that monitoring is done effectively. also features remind that can be set to alert when entering or leaving a chosen virtual perimeter of the car. The purpose of the project is to offer (...) the consumer an accurate and inexpensive solution of vehicle tracking that allows to determine location, perform geofencing, and be used for security or planning, both for commercial fleets and individuals. (shrink)

t. This paper presents a sensor-based approach to developing a gesture-controlled robotic vehicle, designed to enhance human-machine interaction in a more intuitive and accessible manner. The system translates hand movements, detected through accelerometers and gyroscopes within a wearable device, into commands that control the vehicle. Traditional methods for operating robotic systems, such as joysticks or remote controls, often require physical interaction, limiting their effectiveness, especially for individuals with disabilities or in environments where hands-free control is essential. This approach offers a (...) non-contact, real-time control mechanism, detecting hand gestures without relying on visual cues, thereby reducing computational load and ensuring stable performance even under varying lighting conditions. The implementation involves sensor calibration, data acquisition, and processing via microcontrollers such as Arduino or ESP32, coupled with a motor control system for vehicle operation. Testing results demonstrate the accuracy and low-latency response of the gesture-based control system. The primary objective is to make this technology widely accessible, offering a scalable solution for various applications, including assistive technologies and robotics. Preliminary findings confirm the system’s effectiveness, opening the door for further real-world applications. (shrink)

This project presents a dynamic wireless charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) with the Arduino Uno microcontroller as the main controller. The system features a transmitter (TX) coil embedded in roadway infrastructure and a receiver (RX) coil installed in the vehicle unit, enabling continuous charging while in motion. Energy is wirelessly transferred from the TX coil to the RX coil through electromagnetic induction. The Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the central control unit, managing power transmission, monitoring charging status, (...) and regulating voltage levels. Integrated Internet of Things (IoT) sensors enable real-time data collection on charging parameters and battery health, enhancing efficiency and safety.. The system is achieves 67% efficiency level while providing safety, reliability, low maintenance and long product life. (shrink)

This paper aims at helping trainees to overcome the difficulties they face when dealing with Arduino platform by describing the design of a desktop based intelligent tutoring system. The main idea of this system is a systematic introduction into the concept of Arduino platform. The system shows the circuit boards of Arduino that can be purchased at low cost or assembled from freely-available plans; and an open-source development environment and library for writing code to control the board topic of Arduino (...) platform. The system is adaptive with the trainee’s individual progress. The system functions as a special tutor who deals with trainees according to their levels and skills. Evaluation of the system has been applied on professional and unprofessional trainees in this field and the results were good. (shrink)

Gas leakages results a serious problem in household and other areas where household gas is used, therefore the proposed gas leakage detection and monitoring system is developed. There are many methods available for booking a Gas Refill, methods include online booking, telephonic booking etc. It will be difficult situation for the one who uses LPG gas for cooking regularly. The aim of this paper is to present a new system automatically books a cylinder when the gas is about to empty (...) is by sending a notification to the gas agency using wifi using Internet of Things approach. In addition to that sensor is used to detect gas leakage at home. If the gas leakage is sensed automatically it will send SMS to the user. wifi is one of the most used networks across the world. Hence, load cell has been used to monitor the weight of the LPG gas regularly. The values are next fed to the microcontroller. If the gas in the cylinder indicates a value where the remaining percentage level is crossed below the threshold levelset for gas to be indicated as getting emptied, then a notification will be delivered to gas enterprise automatically to book the new cylinder. Subsequently, reply notification will be sent to the customer about the booking status. At the same time, application software is developed in the gas enterprise to inform and record the booking. This, work this helps the society to specifically indicate gas leakage and also helps both customers and the agency to get the gas booking made automatically using the IOT technique. (shrink)

Premature birth or low birth weight (LBW) is predictor of infant morbidity and mortality. Generally, infant with premature birth will be treated on incubator device. Incubator must provide stable levels of temperature, relative humidity and oxygen concentration. Temperature on infant incubator must be maintaned around 36°C-38°C. In order to control that, adaptive Fuzzy- PI controller is proposed and implemented on infant incubator’s prototype. This research use DHT11 sensor as sensing element and the control method are actuated by lightbulbs. The controller (...) used Microcontroller Atmega16 as processor which output determines the amount of power supplied to the lightbulb by employing pulse width modulation and MOSFET triggered circuit. Tests were carried out on temperature references that correspond to the standard incubator temperature range of 36°C to 38°C. References changes (fluctuatif reference) test and disturbances test were also carried out to prove system performance. The tests result on fixed reference temperatures were able to reach a stable setpoint with time rise (tr) around the 200 second with the highest overshoot maximum steady state error below 5%. References change tests and disturbances test successfully proved the controller was able to follow changes in references and overcome the disturbances. (shrink)

Abstract—Traffic clog is a serious issue in the majority of the urban areas over the world and it has turned into a bad dream for the residents. It is brought about by postponement in flag, improper planning of traffic flagging and so on. The postponement of traffic light is hard coded and it doesn't depend on traffic. In this manner for streamlining traffic control, there is an expanding request in precise snappy programmed framework. This paper is intended to build up (...) a thickness based powerful traffic flag control. The flag timing changes naturally on detecting the traffic thickness at the junction. The microcontroller utilized in this undertaking is ARDUINO. The framework contains IR sensors (transmitter and collector) which will be mounted. It gets initiated and gets the flag as the vehicles passes near to it. (shrink)

Abstract— Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is a mechanical device that moves on the sky and serves as a means of carrying, transporting something, or mapping the location and controlled remotely. UGV is widely used in a variety of terrain difficult to reach or dangerous for human safety, eg for the location of a natural disaster, radiation, or to defuse the bomb in the military. This research was designed and manufactured human machine interface for remote control system and displayed the UGV (...) movement according to target poin that have been determined. UGV movement data obtained from GPS sensor and encoder. Received data would be showed on computer used visual studio. Measurement data was sent wirelessly from the microcontroller to the computer using the YS-1020UA module. The results showed that the movement of UGV can be displayed on the interface on the laptop. Received Datawas displayed in the form of graphs and data in tables form. UGV can be remotely controlled to move from one target to another, moreover it can also be controlled manually or automatically which can be set throgh the interface. -/- . (shrink)

Abstract: The intelligent embedded agricultural robotic system is a low cost and efficient microcontroller robot which include; A soil moisture monitoring system which monitors the moisture content of the soil in the various parts of the field and the measured data to a microcontroller unit which in turn displays the received data on a Liquid Crystal Display to determine when to irrigate or spray the farm field. An automatic car, which follows a path designed in the field, i.e., (...) a white line on a black surface integrated with a spraying and irrigating mechanism for carrying out agricultural spray and irrigation. An automatic solar tracking system that tracks the sun’s position for maximum light intensity was used to charge the DC 12V battery which was used to power to the robotic system. A refilling system with obstacle detection feature was used for refilling water, chemical or fertilizer spray in the spraying and irrigating tank integrated with the line follower robotic system. This embedded system is useful for farmers who wish to monitor the soil moisture content of the field, and automate spraying and irrigation purposes at low costs and higher efficiency. (shrink)

Abstract—Generator set (genset) is a backup power supply which is used when the PLN supply is off. With such an important function, the generator set maintenance must be taken care of for long life durability. Monitoring activity is usually conducted on a regular basis, but still run manually by relying on operators who go directly to the plant. This research goes over the making of HMI remote control system for generator set in order to produce effective and continuous reporting. HMI (...) is designed by Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 software with C # programming language. The data communication used is serial asynchronous wireless communication using 3DR Telemetry 433MHz. The prototype generator set uses an Atmega16 microcontroller which is programmed by CodeVision AVR 2.05.3. Daily data storage and reports use Microsoft Excel. Based on the tests performed, it can be concluded that the HMI system works well. The HMI monitoring system can accurately monitor the plant on fuel percentage and data difference of 1 celcius degree at temperature. The alarm test works well. The farthest test resulted was 84.6 meters. In testing data storage and daily reports all the required information can be stored properly. (shrink)

The main objective of our project is to construct a fully functional voice-based home automation system that uses the Internet of Things and Natural Language Processing. The home automation system is user-friendly to smartphones and laptops. A set of relays is used to connect the Node MCU to homes under controlled appliances. The user sends a command through the speech to the mobile devices, which interprets the message and sends the appropriate command to the specific appliance. The voice command given (...) by the user is interpreted by the mobile device using Natural Language Processing. The system utilizes a node microcontroller unit (Node MCU) as a Wi-Fi-based gateway to connect to the Google Assistant. It determines operation must be completed by which the appliance to fulfill the user’s request. The user increased mobile capabilities we will be using a smart phone in this project. A smartphone application as nearly all of the data transferred can be processed by cloud. The user increased mobile capabilities we will be using a smart phone in this project. The IoT -based system for home automation can easily and efficiently control appliances. The Node MCU is interfaced with the appliances and programmed in a manner that they respond to mobile inputs. (shrink)

This paper shows the smart walking stick based on ultrasonic sensors and Arduino for outwardly debilitated individuals. There are roughly 37 million individuals over the globe who are visually impaired as indicated by the World Health Organization. Individuals with visual inabilities are regularly subjected to outer help which can be given by people, trained dogs, or electronic gadgets as supportive networks for basic assistance. Thus, this played as the motivation to develop a smart cane white stick to survive these restrictions (...) which includes ultrasonic sensors at particular positions to the stick that gave data about nature to the client by initiating the signal sound and vibrations. We proposed minimal effort and light weight framework structured with micro controller that processes signal and alerts the visually impaired person over any obstacle, water or dark areas through beeping sounds or vibrations. The system comprises of obstacle and moisture detection sensors for process of receiving, processing and sending signals to the alarm system which finally alerts the user for prompt action. The system was designed, programmed using Java language and tried for exactness by the visually impaired. Our gadget can recognize obstacle inside the separation of around 2m from the client. (shrink)