A short overview, written for a primarily scientific audience, of how conceptual analysis and philosophy of science can assist in nanoscience research.

Abstract: Science and emerging technologies should not be predominantly tasked with furnishing us with more sustainable societies. Continuous short-term technological bail outs without taking into account the longer socio-cultural incubation times required to transition to ‘weakly sustainable’ economies squander valuable resources and time. Emerging technologies need to be deployed strategically to buy time in order to have extended political, social and ethical discussions about the root-causes of unsustainable economies and minimize social disruptions on the path towards global sustainability. Keywords: (...) class='Hi'>Nanoscience; nanotechnology; expanded materials design space; dematerialization; sustainability; permanent resource crises . (shrink)

MEMS is a structural technology, an example of the design and development of sophisticated, well integrated electronics systems and mechanical devices utilizing single-stage manufacturing techniques . Techniques for making the MEMS enables the components and equipment with performance and increased production are combined with the advantages of the ordinary, such as reducing the size of the physical volume, weight and cost and providing a basis for the production of non-manufacturing methods, the other is the reality of internal order Technology MEMS (...) and its micro-machining techniques are well versed in its application to an unprecedented range of MEMS devices over previous dependent fields (for example Biology and Microelectronics) These agents make MEMS far more comprehensive than IC microchips technology . (shrink)

In general, in order to receive the electromagnetic wave in the space, the dimensions of the antenna must be in the order of the wavelength of the input to its surface. Due to the very small dimensions of nano sensors, nano antennas need to have a very high working frequency to be usable. The use of graphene helps to solve this problem to a great extent. The speed of propagation of waves in CNTs and GNRs can be 100 times lower (...) than its speed in vacuum, and this is related to the physical structure, temperature and energy. Based on this, the resonance frequency of graphene-based nano-antennas can be two orders of magnitude lower than nano-antennas based on nano-carbon materials. It has been mathematically and theoretically proven that a quasi-metallic carbon nanotube can emit terahertz radiation when a time-varying voltage is applied to its sides. One of the most important parameters of any nano antenna is the current distribution on it. This characteristic determines the radiation pattern, radiation resistance and reactance and many important characteristics of the antenna. Despite the possibilities of making nanotubes with a length of several centimeters, it is possible to make electrical conductors with a length-to-width ratio of the order of 10^7. has it. At first glance, nanotube antennas give us the impression that they are similar to Dipole antennas designed in small dimensions. (shrink)

The behavior/structure methodological dichotomy as locus of scientific inquiry is closely related to the issue of modeling and theory change in scientific explanation. Given that the traditional tension between structure and behavior in scientific modeling is likely here to stay, considering the relevant precedents in the history of ideas could help us better understand this theoretical struggle. This better understanding might open up unforeseen possibilities and new instantiations, particularly in what concerns the proposed technological modification of the human condition. The (...) sequential structure of this paper is twofold. The contribution of three philosophers better known in the humanities than in the study of science proper are laid out. The key theoretical notions interweaving the whole narrative are those of mechanization, constructability and simulation. They shall provide the conceptual bridge between these classical thinkers and the following section. Here, a panoramic view of three significant experimental approaches in contemporary scientific research is displayed, suggesting that their undisclosed ontological premises have deep roots in the Western tradition of the humanities. This ontological lock between core humanist ideals and late research in biology and nanoscience is ultimately suggested as responsible for pervasively altering what is canonically understood as “human”. (shrink)

The use of AFM for scanning probe lithography also suffers from power-related problems, but it is better suited than STM for this task due to the less stringent requirements of the technique: no very high vacuum conditions. , conductive surface or very good tip-to-sample distance control is required. Scanning probe nanolithography based on AFM can be performed through different mechanisms and offers a wide range of possibilities . Therefore, the AFM tip can produce localized changes in the composition, height, or (...) physical/chemical properties of surfaces through thermal effects, mechanical effects, deposition, chemical effects, etc. The principle of this technique for making electronic nano devices has been drawn and the example of making Si nanowires based on the oxidation of nanolithography probe Scanning is done. A derived technique that has become very popular is dip-pen nanolithography, in which the tip deposits specific inks with excellent clarity at desired locations. -/- . (shrink)

Esej "Stoljeće rearanžiranja: nanoznanost i globalno društvo", dovodi u vezu modernu znanost (nanoznanost) i moderno društvo (globalno društvo) kroz odnos nanotehnologizacije i globalizacije kao najvažnijih procesa jedne mreže fenomena koji se dotiču na području tehničkih i društvenih znanosti. Autor karakterizira 21. stoljeće kao stoljeće rearanžiranja u kojem znanost i filozofija funkcioniraju sa zajedničke osnove koja je holistička i pragmatička. Komparacijom novih tehničkih metoda u znanostima o materijalima i novih procesa u društvenoj ontologiji autor stavlja u odnos dva pristupa i dvije (...) skale identifikacije i reprezentacije: nanoskalu na području zananosti ο materijalima i globalnu skalu na području znanosti ο društvenim odnosima. Tehničke znanosti u formi nanoznanosti orijentirane su na stvaranje nove infrastrukturne paradigme: "ambijenta inteligentnog prostora" vođenog idejom "svi-u-digitalnom-svijetu". Društvene znanosti, koje sudjeluju na planu integracije i globalizacije, orijentirane su na stvaranje nove transnacionalne i spekulativne paradigme: "mobilnog hiper-prostora za internacionalno poslovanje" vođene idejom "svi-u-demokratskom-svijetu". Obje vrste znanosti proizvode istu vrstu nevidljive ontologije koja je dostupna samo virtualnoj identifikaciji i reprezentaciji zasnovanoj na osmišljavanju, stvaranju i proizvodnji programibilne supstancije i programibilnog identiteta. One produciraju identičnost / uniformnost u funkcionalnom operiranju tehničkim sredstvima i političkim principima. U sintagmi "društvo zasnovano na znanju" termin "znanje" ima značenje "znanje proizvodnje, znanje upotrebe i znanje operiranja pametnim (programibilnim) materijalima i pametnim (programibilnim) identitetom". U "D&D svijetu" (digitalnom & demokratskom svijetu) svi ljudi moraju znati upotrebljavati tehnološki mikro-svijet i politički makro-svijet kako bi postigli isti cilj: kontrolu nad prirodom i društvom. Nevidljivost ili iščezavanje realnih stvari, realnih sredstava komunikacije i realnih društvenih odnosa, jeste novo tehničko i ideološko sredstvo stvaranja "novog čarobnog svijeta". (shrink)