В условиях обострения энергетического и экономического кризиса чрезвычайно актуальными являются проблемы энергосбережения и эффективного использования энергоресурсов. Потенциал развития технологий энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности во всех сферах человеческой жизнедеятельности человека можно сравнить в целом с потенциалом прироста экономических показателей всех первичных энергетических производств и ресурсной базы. Осуществление мероприятий по экономии энергоресурсов в 2,5 - 4 раза дешевле, чем производство и поставка потребителям такого же количества энергии. Одним из важнейших шагов успешного решения перечисленных проблем является стимулирование использования потребителями энергосберегающих технологий путем реализации (...) государственных программ на различных уровнях управления. (shrink)

A. Poleev. Constitutional order in Russia. Enzymes, Revised print edition 2020.

Розглядаються мораль і право як етичні емоції у їх загальності, спільних характеристиках. Аналізуються питання етичної свідомості, сутності моралі і права, їх природи у відповідності до психологічного підходу Л. Петражицького. Розкриваються особливості морального і правового емоційного життя людини і суспільства разом з йогоінтелектуальністю.

Предметом исследования является понятие "эволюция". Автор рассматривает смысл, который вкладывают в понятие «эволюция» современные космологические, биологические, нейробиологические и философские эволюционные теории. Особое внимание уделяется четко просматриваемой разнице в определении эволюции, понимании факторов и причин эволюции, микро и макроэволюционных процессов. Автор рассматривает Стандартную модель, синтетическую теорию, ноогенез, универсальную историю, постоянно выявляя отличия в понимании эволюции. Часто они носят принципиальный характер, который, на первый взгляд, разводит космологов, биологов, нейробиологов и философов по разные стороны мировосприятия. Автор использовал компаративистский подход, а также другие методы (...) философии: диалектический, научный, герменевтический, индуктивный и дедуктивный и т. п. Основным выводом проведенного исследования является понимание того, что понятие "эволюция" в современных космологических, биологических, нейробиологических и философских теориях понимается по-разному. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что автор не только показал различное понимание эволюции, а и создал условия для сведения различных смыслов к общему знаменателю. (shrink)

Актуальність дослідження в тому, що проаналізовано формування концепції інформаційно-інноваційної освіти як фактору підготовки високомпетентних спеціалістів в інформаційному суспільстві. В сучасних умовах освіта – це відкрита, система, що безперервно розвивається, для якої характерним є ряд тенденцій. Система освіти покликана сприяти реалізації основних задач соціально-економічного і культурного розвитку суспільства, так як саме освіта готує людину до активної діяльності в різних сферах суспільства. Щоб система освіти була готовою прийняти виклики сучасності, треба здійснити певні її перетворення. Постановка завдання. Проблема аналізу викликана тим, що умови (...) інформаційного суспільства потребують нової освіти – інформаційно-інноваційної, тому що головним ресурсом та основою функціонування інформаційної економіки, її розвитку за інноваційним сценарієм є людський капітал та людський потенціал науки. Такі явища як глобалізація, інтеграція, транснаціональний характер функціонування ряду стратегічних галузей та високий рівень інформатизації суспільства розглядаються сьогодні як конкурента перевага ряду держав. І системі і вищої освіти у цьому процесі відводиться першочергова роль. Аналі з останніх досліджень і публікацій. Ми орієнтуємося на роботи з інформаційно-інноваційної освіти М.Кастельса, А.Лазаревича, О.Пунченка, В.Старжинського, В.Цепкало. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми – концептуалізація формування концепції інформаційно-інноваційної освіти як головного драйвера інформаційного суспільства. В основі дослідження – концептуалізація базових схем інформаційно-інноваційної освіти та її вплив на підготовку професіональних спеціалістів. Методологія – використання соціоаксіологічного, системного та порівняльного для аналізу освіти як складного соціального і культурного феномена інформаційного суспільства; використання синергетичної методології, що дає можливість проаналізувати інформаційно-інноваційну освіту в інформаційному суспільстві як складне соціокультурне утворення. Виклад основного матеріалу. Проаналізовано феномен інформаційно-інноваційної освіти як складний соціальний і культурний феномен; виявлено вплив інформаційно-інноваційної освіти на підготовку кадрів як людського капіталу в інформаційному суспільстві; визначено атрибути інформаційно-інноваційної освіти як фактору підготовки людського капіталу в інформаційному суспільстві. Висновки – сформовано концепцію інформаційно-інноваційної освіти як фактору підготовки креативного людського капіталу, що є конкурентоспроможною особливістю держави. (shrink)

Космовізі — це термін, який має означати набір основ, з яких виникає системне розуміння Всесвіту, його складових як життя, світу, в якому ми живемо, природи, людського феномену та їхніх взаємозв’язків. Таким чином, це галузь аналітичної філософії, що живиться науками, метою якої є це сукупне та епістемологічно стійке знання про все, що ми є і що містить у собі, що оточує нас і що будь-яким чином до нас відноситься. Це щось таке ж давнє, як людська думка, і, окрім використання елементів наукової (...) космології, воно охоплює все у філософії та науці, що стосується Всесвіту та життя. Космогляд — це не набір ідей, гіпотез і припущень, а система, заснована на спостереженнях, аналізі, доказах і демонстраціях. Жодне космобачення не має на меті визначати, встановлювати чи пропонувати, а лише розуміти, аналізувати та інтерпретувати. Кожен з нас будує і транспортує своє космогляд протягом життя, не встановлюючи форми, як фон для нашого мислення і поведінки . Лінгвістично термін «космовізія» походить від німецької мови, що еквівалентно поняттю « Weltanschauung», яке використовували кілька філософів. Однак цей лінгвістичний зв’язок незастосовний, оскільки він суперечить тому, що ми пропонуємо як космовізію. Це німецьке слово відноситься до дологічного або протоекспериментального бачення реальності з інтуїтивним контекстом і далеко не критичним знанням, яке ще не існувало на момент його формулювання. Безсумнівно, космовізії, у тому сенсі, як ми їх розуміємо, містять і використовують ці протоекспериментальні або до-логічні елементи, які включають історію, колективне несвідоме та всі архетипи, які ми носимо. Однак у концепції, яку ми тут застосовуємо, космовізія виходить далеко за межі цього змісту, по-перше, постійно підпорядковуючи його теперішньому критичному мисленню і, нарешті, роблячи аналітичний досвід (а не саму думку чи інтуїцію) своїм справжнім всесвітом. У цій роботі ми прагнемо окреслити космогляд, заснований на реаліях, які пропонує сьогодні наука. Ми ніколи не пропонуємо займатися наукою; або теоретизувати філософію, але ми завжди будемо прагнути отримати їхню підтримку або, принаймні, захистити їх від когнітивних викривлень, які ми зазвичай несемо. (shrink)

The “Challenges and Issues of Modern Science” collection comprises scientific research on relevant topics related to the latest advancements in various fields of science. Emphasis is placed on developing aerospace technology, thermodynamics and energy, mechanical engineering, materials science and technologies, automation, electronics and telecommunications, information technology, project management, ecology, and industrial and environmental safety. It can be helpful for professionals in the respective fields, scientists, educators, and students. The presented material will help readers expand their knowledge of diverse approaches to (...) solving current scientific and practical issues. The papers are published in the author's edition. До збірника «Виклики та проблеми сучасної науки» увійшли наукові праці з актуальних тем, що пов’язані з найновішими досягненнями в різних галузях науки. Акцентується увага на розвитку аерокосмічної техніки, термодинаміки та енергетики, машинобудування, матеріалознавства та технологій, автоматизації, електроніки та телекомунікацій, інформаційних технологій, управління проектами, екології, промислової та екологічної безпеки. Може бути корисним для фахівців у відповідних галузях, науковців, викладачів та студентів. Поданий матеріал допоможе читачам розширити знання про різноманітні підходи до розв’язання актуальних науково-практичних задач. Матеріали публікуються в авторській редакції. (shrink)

The English Synopsis is after the text of the book. The book presents an original and generalizing substantive vision of the philosophy of science through the prism of a detailed analysis of the polysystem structure of scientific theories. Theories are considered, firstly, as complex specialized forms of developed scientific thinking about the realities studied by natural science, secondly, as constantly improving tools for producing new knowledge in interaction with experimental research, and thirdly, as carriers of ordered and verified knowledge. Emphasis (...) is placed on their nominal and ontic subsystems. The book develops personal and joint research of the authors (theoretical physicist and philosopher), the experience of teaching philosophy of physics at NaUKMA, philosophy of science at the Higher School of Philosophy at the H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and theoretical physics at the National Technical University "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". The research is based on a significant source base covering works of modern Western researchers in natural science and philosophy of science. For students, teachers, and scientists who are interested in the problems of modern philosophy of science and have a certain amount of scientific knowledge. It will also be useful for high school students who are eager to become scientists. (shrink)

Іn this monograph, the authors summarized and supplemented the results of many scientific studies and developments. Considerable attention is paid to the study of accounting and taxation in the context of current trends in society and the economy; application of new methods of information processing and analysis, its understanding and interpretation; opportunities for convergence of national accounting and control models in the context of globalization of economic processes.

Modern educational systems face challenges arising from technological development, like an extension of media-manipulations, fake news, mass unemployment etc. Modern educational systems integrate the methods of development of the critical thinking in educational process to overcome such challenges, that promotes the development of analytic, synthetic and evaluative skills of the students, as well as helps them to be protected against media-manipulations and fake news, and be competitive, informed and demanded in the labor market. Teaching the scientific discipline of philosophy and (...) applying some methods of teaching philosophy, like a Socrates cycle, writing an essay, interactive method, thought experiments, shocking method, promote the development of critical thinking and have a crucial role in the development of critical thinking. (shrink)

The set of symbols of success is a set of cultural determinants of activity and their functioning is connected with the fundamental functions of culture as a system of historically developing supra-biological programs of life. The relevance of considering the symbolization of success in modern cinema is due to several factors. First, according to the majority of art historians and film theorists, cinema remains the leading, most widespread form of art throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. If we understand art (...) as a figurative comprehension of reality, its process and result, which is expressed in works, then the symbolization of success in cinema can be considered one of the most common practices for representing the determinants of activity through a figurative comprehension of reality. An analysis of this process in modern cinematography reveals the mechanisms of functioning of one of the elements of the totality of joint life programs as a segment of modern culture, limited by the boundaries of film communication. Secondly, the development of cinematography largely determines the fundamental changes in the culture of the 20th century. and there is no reason to believe that its influence is diminishing in recent times. Consequently, modern cinema remains one of the most important areas of cultural life, the study of which allows expanding scientific understanding of the patterns of changes taking place in culture. Thirdly, the development of information and communication technologies at the end of the 20th century. led to the fact that the value complexes of traditional cultures of different peoples of the world and expansive global neoplasms of a supranational nature (mass, elite, corporate, fandom, etc.) are simultaneously transmitted into the space of personal culture. Cinema in the new conditions only strengthened its position as the leading relay of value complexes. The special socio-forming qualities of cinema were noted both by its pioneers (L. Delluk, A. Dovzhenko, Ch. Chaplin, S. Eisenstein, etc.), scientists (B. Balash, V. A. Gottwald, E. M. Samuylenko, etc.) , and the ideologists of cultural revolutions at the beginning of the 20th century. G. Turner, in particular, drew attention to the fact that “to achieve control over the everyday representation of the world for a nation means to acquire strong power over the representation of individuals about themselves and about each other”, referring to the threat to the integrity and coherence of an individual’s understanding of the world under the pressure of foreign cultural domination over film communication. In this regard, the search for ways to relevantly measure the trends in the development of modern culture by marking in cinema the cultural determinants of activity, which are the symbols of success, seems to be an urgent theoretical and scientific-practical task, the solution of which expands the predictive potential of culture and its projective possibilities. (shrink)

On the example of the analysis of the content of films-leaders of the box office box office, the value dynamics of the symbols of success is revealed as an objectively occurring sociocultural process in film communication. Cultural production and consumption are being rethought as the self-communication of society, which has sustainable trends. The connections of the sociocultural process of symbolizing success with communicative, semantic and semiotic processes have been studied. The specificity of the dialectical contradiction between sociocentric and personocentric symbols (...) of success is described. The theoretical provisions that reveal the structural and functional side of the socio-cultural process of symbolizing success are presented, its objectivity is proved on the example of the analysis of an array of films, the dominant tendencies in the halo of the cultural space of the general film market are determined. The book is addressed to scientists, students and teachers interested in cultural dynamics, social communication, the role of cinema in modern society. (shrink)

Забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України в умовах гібридних загроз.

"Да резюмираме: отказът от всяка форма на либерализъм и разделяне на властите, госnодството на една nартия и монополната власт, отказът от всякакъв идеологически · неутралитет и култивиране на единодушие, nреобладаване на бюрокрацията, олицетворяваща nроизвола и тайната, nрезрението към nравото и nак nоявата на политически nрестъnления и наказания за умисъл или "азиатското nрезрение към човешкия живот" - всичко това nоказва, че комунистическият режим е бил не само е наследник на Маркс, но в не по-малка стеnен - наследник на царското самодържавие. Това (...) чудовищно сдвояване на царското самодържавие с ленинския марксизъм е nричината за бъдещия сталинизъм" (Кокен 1996: 350). (shrink)

Abstract: The study observes the core of both trafficking in persons and security offering a preliminary understanding the interconnection between the two concepts which is indeed a precondition of the more thorough contemplation of this security problem. Noteworthy is also the further elaboration of the risk that link between violence and modern-day slavery represents having in mind society and the individual. This informal economy violates the principle of morality and is understood to be one of the most offensive crimes. Its (...) elementary features are psychological and/ or physical torture, coercing into engaging in the violation of the law and established social norms as well as transporting and harboring. The consequence of all of this is the material gain, whereas the victim appears as Machiavellian means the gain will justify. Trafficking emerges in different forms, the most discernible of which are forced labor and sexual exploitation that is among the hardest forms of desecrating human soul. Unfortunately, it is a common phenomenon that many people (some independent estimates mention a figure of several million) around the world, women and children, in particular, every year become victims of this violence. Tough living conditions, as well as uncertain economic future, are among fundamental causes infecting healthy society. If a well-organised criminal network or a ‘hidden economy’ succeeds to impose the rule of conduct, then human trafficking finds fertile soil in which to grow. Having been lured the victims later realize where they are, but many never return to their families, and that terrible fate should make society do what can be done and help them. -/- Key words: Human, state, trafficking, security, smuggling. (shrink)

У статті досліджено етапи періодизації розвитку когнітивної науки. Розглянуто аспекти виникнення, становлення та трансформації когнітивної науки. Визначено вчених, які сприяли формуванню когнітивної науки. Висвітлено взаємозв’язок когнітивної науки з іншими науками та напрямами наукових досліджень. Ідентифіковано сучасні можливості та перспективні напрями розвитку когнітивної науки.

Problem setting. Latin America and the Caribbean traditionally referred to as a large and ambiguous region in an out-side territorial scientific environment. A whole stratum of problems of identities, peculiarities of self-awareness, civilization affiliations of messianic ’appointments ’ in the history of the region and the world, the development of ways of cultural and historical development corresponding to them, the affirmation of the tendencies of state formation is in a scientific researcher focus. Among the many aspects that conceptualize the demandfor (...) research in the region and its implementation, we would like to highlight the following: 1) Latin America and the Caribbean are, to some extent, «a territory of historically significant validation of modern trends» in their speculative lengthening, the field ofdeveloping new ones political and economic novations, including regarding various projections of the correlation of socio-political practices, institutional design and legal technologies, derived from the understanding of nature and the purpose of law. 2) The region ’provides ’ a wide range of heterogeneous materials for analytical work, both concatenate-linear in nature, and combining poly-meaningful multidimensionality, multifaceted coexistence of values generated by contemporary media, the glare of meanings, signs, intentions of conscious transformations, random «breakthroughs» of network travel followers. In the discovery literature thatfollows only the analysis of statistical indicators, it is often noted that Latin America and the Caribbean is a region of polarization. 3) Considering the full amount of opportunities and perspectives available, Latin America in general, in some associative formulation, is clearly «boxing at levels below its weight and its impact on international canvases», that is, there are some reasons for internal and external character that significantly reduce the region’s role in the world, affecting accents of processes of political, legal and economic worsen the work «for the common good», underestimate «the bar of tasks and results» do not meet the expectations of the significance of the region. Recent research and publications analysis. The paper uses an interdisciplinary approach involving the research of representatives of various sciences. Concerning the approach to certain aspects of the constitutional process in the countries of Latin America and the Carribien was used the researches of Ukrainian authors Yu. M. Todyka, V. P. Kolisnyk, Yu. G. Barabash, M. P. Orzikh, T. M. Slinko, A. G. Kushnirenko, pertaining to in relation to consideration ofpeculiarities ofdevelopment andfunctioning of the model of the presidential state was launched analytical andfunctionality materials I. V. Protsiuk. On the conceptualization within the political science tradition in connection with the problems of the political regimes, their development in the conditions of conflict of the present, in the face of threats and challenges of a multifaceted nature are included the materials of methodological and theoretical importance M. P. Trebin, I. O. Polishchuk, D. Denisenko, G. M. Kutz, O. A. Fisun, M. A. Polovyi and, in the context of regional- geopolitical dimensions, V. Yu. Karasev. Among the foreign authors on the subject area of the study, we note the conceptual vision of the combination ofeconomic cycles and political and legal processes of the present Daniela Campello, the development of the author of the theory of «path dependence effect» by J. Mahoney and researchers of modifications of the development of neo-patrimonialism in Latin America and Karsten Bachle. Focused on the trends and innovations of the constitutional process in the countries of the region are the scientific orientations of Rogelio Nu'nez and P. I. Kostogryzov. A broad analytical and research base on the transformation of political regimes in Latina America and the Caribbean and the peculiarities ofpolitical processes in individual countries are provided by the works of B. Geddes, G. O’Donnell, L. Diamond, D. Ziblatta, S. Levitsky, Z. V. Ivanovsky, T. A. Vorotnikova, P. P. Yakovlev, D. V. Morozov, and others. Paper objective. The purpose of this work is to find out the broad contexts of the relationship between economic and political and legal processes in Latin America and the Carribien countries with attention to the peculiarities of the rule of law formation. The tasks are to analyze a set of approaches to finding the causes of the difficulties of socio-political and institutional-legal development in the region with the involvement of interdisciplinary scientific experience and to identify some essential features of meaning- forming and socio-constructing phenomena in the contextual contours. Paper main body. One of the options for designating the specificity of the current state of affairs is framed in the concept of the so-called «curse of volatility» - the dependence of local, mainly commodity and export-oriented with low internal economy savings from cycles, fluctuations of the world economy. This dependence is a definite structural factor and has been forming for a long time. Also, macroeconomic indicators within the framework of a certain political economy methodology in the projection for the sum ofpolitical and legal events allow us to see the spread of ideology, whether left or right, the rise of populism, the tendency for further democratization of the way of life or vice versa from democracy, the relative calm of the political process or the turbulence ofpolitical events are, after all, tied to basic economic indicators, and often more or less relevant to us and corresponding to figures about the level of safety of life. The trajectory of development was laid down by some decisions at a time of critical juncture when privatization created the basis of the local economy as a structural part of the world capitalist system with its dynamics of development that facilitated the formatting and reproduction of the reactive sequences caused by different types of liberal reforms. Conclusions of the research. The particular attention in Latin America and the Caribbean countries on the expectations and responsibilities of building the future is focused on the development of Constitutional law as a leading sphere in the system of national law. Hence the numerous constitutional changes in the countries of the region, the constitutional reforms of different grades, which are intensively continued today. The lifestyle liberalization, resolving key property issues, attempts at democratization in Latin America and the Carribien countries took place in different ways, but after the foundations ofpublic law that were borrowed in outline in the USA. Between enshrined key provisions in the Constitutions and the coexistence of essentially diverse mass consciousnesses and aspirations on different ’floors’ of the society, has raised multi-dimensional discord, that is emerging from the institutionalization of the liberal-democratic model of the state, generated in the context of understanding freedom as a key concept. Therefore the aspect ofan all-public agreement on coexistence rules does not appear to be fully realized, which gives rise to a search for a constitutional character. The focus remains on the relationship between multiple interests and ideas about the common good, by means of the formation of the general will in the structure and practice of constitutional-democratic regimes. It is inextricably linked to the transformation of the concepts of representation and citizenship. Democratic legitimation is correlated with ideas about the rule of the masses, the will of the majority in the living creation of the norms of life, and with the accompanying active and continuous participation in the political process of large groups, sectors of the population. The constitutional creativity of the countries of the region shows the element of an assertion of messianism, the designation of the special role of the country, its leader, ideology, the Constitution in the processes of historical implementation at the level of regional or the world. This moment of national pride for the country and its contribution to the cultural and civilizational space of history is realized in experimental projects of various expressions. (shrink)

The relevance of the research consists of the concept of sport is analyzed as an attempt by the state to form an active sports society and the need to develop and implement a self-regulatory mechanism capable of forming sport as a social system, social institute and social movement. Formulation of the task - the concept of sport as a priority direction of social philosophy and philosophy of sport contributes to the formation of sport as a social system, social institution and (...) social movement. The subject of the study is an impact of globalization on the concept of sport as a social system, social institute and social movement. Analysis of recent research and publications. We rely on authors who investigated sport as a phenomenon that acts as a factor in the formation and development of personality. The problem of individual self-determination as a philosophical problem is considered in the philosophical writings of S. Kierkegaard, K. Yaspers, M. Heidegger, J. P. Sartre, A. Kamyu and E.Fromma. The selection of unexplored parts of the general problem is the conceptualization of the concept of sport as a social system, social institution and social movement. Research methodology. The scientific research used the methods of socio-acoustic, synergetic, systemic, ontological and comparative analysis, which allowed to form the concept of sport as a priority direction of social philosophy and philosophy of sport and consider sport as an important economic, social and cultural phenomenon, beings. Scientific novelty of the research. This scientific study involves addressing the socio-philosophical meaning of sport, based on the principles of human-dimensionality and humanism. Presenting main material. Interdisciplinary approaches to the problems of contemporary sport as a social system, social institute and social movement are integrated, and the concept of sport is formulated as a priority area of social philosophy and philosophy of sport; the value benchmarks of the concept of sport as a social system, a social institution and a social movement expressing its cultural core are revealed; it is proved that modern sport as a social system, social institute and social movement is an effective means to overcome the crisis phenomena of modern civilization. Conclusion - the impact of globalization on the formation of the concept of sport as a social system, social institute and social movement is shown. (shrink)

Formulation of the problem. Stigmatization of suicides certainly affects the processes latency within this group and limits the ability of the society to purposely influence it. Therefore, the study of the suicidal behavior stigmatization as a socio-cultural phenomenon will allow to expand the scientific understanding of the phenomenon essence and to indicate the main directions of social control over suicidal behavior. Analysis of recent research and publications. For the present, a substantial scientific background on suicidal issues is formed by experts (...) in sociology, psychology and psychiatry. The works of A.G. Ambrumova, M.A. Berdyaev, E. Durkheim, O.O. Haustova, D. Hume, V.V. Khvedchuk, V.V. Slutsky, P.A. Sorokin, O.V. Timchenko, G. Sh. Chkhvartishvili, L.M. Shestopalova, V.V. Shkuro, E. Schneidman and other humanitarian professionals are widely known. However, the stigmatization of suicides and its social consequences have not been sufficiently studied by domestic scientists. Therefore, the purpose of the given research is to investigate the manifestations of social pressure and the suicide’s stigmatization in order to develop measures for preventing and overcoming them. Main material presentation. Stigmatization - the negative identification by a society of an individual according to a particular sign - has important implications for the following social participation and self-determination of that individual. Under the influence of the society, internal stigma is formed in parallel. Internal stigma can manifest itself as a sense of self-destitute, inferiority, helplessness and lead to loss of control over one’s life, inability to establish and develop social contacts. The methodology of our study of suicides stigmatization problems is based on qualitative methods of information collection and analysis. Twenty-four respondents, aged 18 to 35, who had experience in seeking help with a psychologist but had no psychiatric status were interviewed. The most common manifestations of stigma were condemnation and increased control. It is these types that are characteristic for the attitude of family members and close friends of the respondents. If information about the fact of the attempt of committing suicide becomes known to a wider social environment, the most common form of stigma is distrust. Conclusions. Providing qualified professional assistance to people who are at risk of suicide is a prerequisite for preventing the spread of this type of deviant behavior in different social groups. Activity directions in preventing suicidal behavior among young people are determined at the macro-, meso- and micro-social levels. (shrink)

Problem setting. Transformational changes in political systems are an essential condition for their development. However, if in a peaceful time, diverse political transformations take place on evolutionary principles, then during the war they are significantly accelerated. The hybrid war has brought new emphasis to the transformation of political systems. Such transformations take place practically throughout the political system, but in order to classify the most important transformations, it is expedient to distinguish its key subsystems - institutional, normative, functional, communicative, spiritual (...) and cultural. Analysis of recent research and publications on the topic. In the works of O. Babkina, V. Bebik, V. Gaponenko, V. Gorbatenko, I. Gorokhovsky, V. Kotygorenko, V. Kafarsky, N. Khoma, I. Kresinoy, A. Kudryachenko, V Masic, Y. Matsievsky, P. Mironenko, M. Mikhalchenko, I. Onischenko, E. Pereguda, T. Poyarkova, M. Primush, O. Romanyuk, F. Rudich, V. Soldatenko, O. Stoiko, T. Tkachenko, G. Zelenko, and other native. The researchers have considered in detail the processes of formation and development of political systems. In the works of O. Demenko, V. Dubov, M. Gonchar, V. Gorbulin, A. Litvinenko, V. Mandrageli, B. Parakhonsky, M. Rozumnyj, L. Smola, M. Trebin, G. avorskaya the problems of the hybrid war in the context of determining its essence, content, orientation, purpose, as well as the specifics of deployment and flow. Scientific developments by F. Cappen, F. Hoffman, R. Glenn, R. Newson, J. Sherr reveal the views of Western specialists on hybrid wars. At the same time, studies that examine the transformation of political systems under the influence of the hybrid war in Ukrainian political science is clearly not enough. Paper objective. Indicate the existence of a large number of definitions of the hybrid war, none of which does not claim to epistemological absolute. Analyze the transformational processes in the main subsystems of the political system of society in the context of a hybrid war. Indicate the innovative moments of the development ofpolitical systems under the influence of hybrid offensive. Emphasize the special role of the state as the basic political institution on the organization of the vital functions of the political system in the conditions of active hybrid influences of the opposite side. Paper main body. A hybrid war affects all subsystems of the political system ofsociety - institutional, normative, functional, communicative, spiritual and cultural. However, there is a significant difference in the depth and intensity of such influence. There is a fundamental influence of the hybrid war on the state as the basic political institution of society, which is the main actor of military-political relations. Destruction of the enemy state was and remains the goal ofany war, including hybrid war. Under these conditions, the state is faced with the need to create versatile variants of the power response to hybrid hazards. As a rule, special government bodies are created with additional powers. There are large-scale institutional transformations within the security and defense sector. For the conduct of hostilities, the forces of reserve are involved. Full or partial mobilization is announced. New parts and connections are deployed. Additional elements of the security and defense sector can be created. There are changes in the regulatory legal subsystem. Orders of the supreme commander- in-chief, directives of the supreme commander-in-chief, decisions of military-civilian administrations, etc. may be added to traditional normative legal acts. The functional subsystem is also in a state of massive changes. The authorities deliberately urge all patriotic forces to strengthen armed resistance against the aggressor. Volunteer armed formations, underground structures, local self-defense units, volunteer movements, information resistance, establishment of foreign aid channels, etc. are strongly stimulated. As a result, there is a deetatization of military practice, an active involvement of the general population in defense activities. The communicative subsystem feels no less dynamic changes. Inside the political system there is a rapid selection ofpolitical actors based on their attitude to the objectives of the war, the opportunities for participation in it and the ways of working in practical military actions. Subjects expressing doubts about the possibility of victory, and even congratulating the enemy, acquire the status of non-systemic elements, whose activities should be stopped immediately. Their leaders have to face political responsibility for anti-state actions. The spiritual and cultural subsystem is connected with the peculiarities of mass political culture, the rational and irrational components of collective and individual political consciousness. The ability of the political system to actively resist the dangers of the hybrid war and to succeed in its consequence is the domination of positive cultural-ideological entities thatform the general spiritual uplift of the people. The vulnerability of the political system, which loses the hybrid war and questions the future of the state, society, and nation, leads to the opposite result. Apathy, fatalism, despondency, internal emptiness of a person are a nourishing environment for the formation of a feeling of defeat, which is the goal of a hybrid variety of hostilities on the part of the enemy. The overall impact of the hybrid war on the political system of society is indisputable. The political system, using its adaptive potential, inevitably changes in the structural, functional, communicative, normative, and so on. The direction and intensity of such changes depends on the stability andflexibility of the political system, target orientations and resources of the attacking party, as well as the foreign policy context of the deployment and development of military events. Conclusions. The overall impact of the hybrid war on the political system of society is indisputable. The institutional subsystem of the political system of society in the context of hybrid warfare is characterized by the creation of new military-political authorities, accelerated development of the military organization of the state, increased attention to or protection against the infrastructure of information and psychological warfare, as well as deepening of the international military-political partnership. In the normative subsystem there is a dynamic update of legislation on national security and defense, taking into account the needs of the war. The functional subsystem stimulates the qualitative execution of legally defined responsibilities in the field of national security and defense, mobilization of state and social capabilities for military tasks. The communicative subsystem provides the search andformation ofnew formats of interaction of elements of the political system with each other, with the external environment and with civil society. Changes in the spiritual and cultural subsystem are to intensify the activity of mass media, cultural, artistic and educational institutions on the issues of informational and psychological offensive, as well as the formation of heroic-patriotic, liberation, victorious components ofsocial consciousness capable of ensuring the spiritual uplift of the nation in order to win the war. The focus and intensity ofsuch changes depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the stability of the political system, supplemented by elements offlexibility, target orientations and resources of the attacking party, as well as the foreign policy context of the deployment and development of military events. (shrink)

The urgency of the research topic is that the problem of the new educational strategy as a factor of sustainable development is aimed at professional and spiritual and intellectual growth of the individual. This strategy becomes very important in the evolution of society from information to the "knowledge society". It is the decision of these problems that affects the process of economic and socio-cultural changes, in the context of which training of professionals turns into one of the main factors of (...) production and the innovative and cultural resource of society. The problem of research. Education as a social and cultural institution is aimed at training professionals who can work in a competitive economy. The purpose of the research: to form an effective concept of education as a factor of sustainable development in the context of the professional and spiritual and intellectual dimensions of man and society in the context of transforming society from information to the "knowledge society". The objectives of the stud y professional and intellectual-spiritual development of the "knowledge society", which would contribute to the sustainable development of the educational space; to reveal the position that in the "society of knowledge" the dynamics of science, education, culture, which influences the development of intellectual, spiritual and professional priorities of man and society, is growing; to discover that it is a new strategy for education as a factor for sustainable development in the evolution from the information society to the "knowledge society". Methods andmethodology - socio-acciological, structural-functional, institutional, synergetic methods and approaches that allow a new look at education as a complex social and cultural institution The result of the study. The formation of an effective concept of training specialists in the context of the transformation of the information society into the "knowledge society" is due to the fact that education represents an intellectual resource for the modernization and reform of higher education. Conclusions. Education in the "society of knowledge" serves as strategic economic functions, as well as functions of cultural and spiritual and intellectual development of man and society. This type of society requires professionals who would work in conditions of social and cultural change, were the initiators of these changes and contributed to the spiritual and intellectual development of man and society. (shrink)

The review analyses the international conference “Christian Monasticism from East to West: Monastic Traditions and Modernity in Europe”, organized in June 2015 by sociologists and theologians from the Universities of Graz, Turin, and Bucharest. The conference initiated a sociological reflection of different monastic traditions, and the role of monasteries in terms of the decline of trust in religious institutions. It raised the question of the dynamics of monasticism as a traditional institution in modern societies, not only in Europe, but also (...) in Asia, Africa, and America. The scholarly discussion paid particular attention to the adaptation and resistance of religious traditions to social changes. Researchers from different countries have demonstrated the innovative potential of monasticism in the economic sphere, the cultural sphere, and the religious sphere. Alongside traditional roles, monasteries have acquired new social roles. The secularization of the concept of “monasticism”, and its use in relation to the phenomenon of “consuming the tradition” apart from a religious context is stressed. The conference continued to develop the theme of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of religion. The position of a researcher and his or her professional identity, the issues of objectivity, and the idealization of the research subject are analyzed. (shrink)

Актуальність дослідження взаємодії філософії та теології давно стало наскрізною проблемою гуманітарного знання. На сьогодні більшість науковців визнають співприсутність і взаємодію філософії та теології як самостійних культурних дискурсів. Не викликає особливих заперечень теза про ідейні, концептуальні взаємовпливи християнської теології та філософії, їх парадигмальний вплив на науку. У статті аналізується методологічний аспект взаємодії філософії та теології, як він постає у сучасних релігієзнавців та богословів. Доведено, що переважною більшістю православних авторів філософія мислиться в модерному ключі, як щось зовсім окреме і незалежне від теології, (...) а значить питання полягає в тому, щоб узгодити взаємини між ними. Натомість мислителі постмодерної парадигми сприймають філософію і теологію нерозривними, такими, що продовжують одне одного. На їхню думку, саме теологія і філософія закладають ті культурні коди, сенси і цінності, які формують матрицю культури. Теологія слугує посередником між людиною, релігією і культурою. Тому вона тісно співпрацює з філософією та іншими гуманітарними науками. Дослідження багатьох авторів ще більше актуалізує завдання аналізу методологічної складової взаємодії філософії та теології. (shrink)

Nikolai Bugaev was a mathematician keenly interested in philosophy. He stressed the role of discontinuity in his mathematical research that he called arithmology. He also emphasized the importance of discontinuity in nature which he embodied in his version of monadology. The article discusses the viability of his philosophical investigations.

Мета. Мета роботи – виявлення людиновимірного підходу М. Гайдеґґера до проблеми техніки. Її досягнуто, застосовуючи методи аналізу та синтезу стосовно філософсько-технічних ідей філософа. Наукова новизна. Окреслено важливі людиновимірні тенденції філософа щодо розгляду техніки, які проявляються у занепокоєнні тим, щоб людина не втратила своєї людяності й гідності та прямувала на шляху до свободи, звільнюючись від усього, що може згубно впливати на її сутність. Поняття «людиновимірність» передбачає процес духовного, інтелектуального розвитку людини, й у даному контексті через її розвиток, гуманізм слід оцінювати все (...) створене нею. Технічний, соціальний прогрес варто розглядати насамперед з точки зору людини вільної, гуманної, екзистенціально та раціонально незалежної від штучно створеного нею світу, здатної виконувати передову роль у процесі власного розвитку, прогресу суспільства та техніки. Техніка та технології, в свою чергу, повинні прогресувати, відштовхуючись, насамперед, від людських потреб. Особистість, співіснуючи з технічними засобами, повинна брати для себе все те корисне, що вони пропонують і, водночас, використовувати їх задля свого духовного, особистісного розвитку. Висновок. Зайнявши особливу позицію стосовно традиції європейського критицизму, філософ зробив техніку, її сутність і специфіку, а також особливості технічної діяльності в різні історичні епохи предметом позитивного філософського аналізу. М. Гайдеґґер порвав із традицією європейської філософії техніки, яка акцентувала свою увагу на безпосередніх, «очевидних» надбаннях прогресу, показавши, що наслідки вторгнення техніки різноманітні й у віддаленій перспективі їх навіть важко передбачити. Технологічна зумовленість мало не фатальна для людини в тому сенсі, що містить у собі певну незаперечну заданість мислення, поведінки, свідомості. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the good nature existential foundations. Good, as a transcendental phenomenon, reveals itself in a person as a powerful mechanism of its internal development – spiritual needs. Need, unlike desire, is not just a requirement of the human body. Need is a way of relationship, that is, communication with objective reality. This life aspiration is responsible for the personality realization as an active, creative, responsible part of co-existence. Therefore, all aspects of human life (...) and communication, and productivity, and harmony, depend on the state of the needs system satisfaction. It is these existential conditions that correspond to the principles of ethical absolutism. Thus, the intersection point of ethics and human, the condition for the interaction and implementation of the principles of ethics is concentrated in the development of our soul needs. The soul seeks to go beyond the egoistic desires of the flesh. Therefore, to hear the “voice” of the soul, to respond to its call, a person can only when the desire to know the world around him conquers the desire to possess this world. In this regard, we are talking about the fact that the basis for the spiritual needs of humans is the need for love. The need to love resonates with the basic ethical principle “love of one’s neighbor”. Therefore, working on our own egoism, we realize the whole complex of spiritual needs: in knowledge, communication, freedom, creativity. So, the need to love is the highest metaphysical force in which the nature of good is concentrated, both on the ontological and existential levels. (shrink)

This article aims to give an overview of literary instruction in schools of the russification era at the beginning of the 20th century in Estonia; this was likewise the curriculum of literary study offered to the generation of educated youth which included the Young Estonians. Based on official documents, archival materials, and memoirs, and through analyses of anthologies, literary histories, and teaching methods in use at the time, we attempt to reconstruct the outlines of literary reading and requirements for students (...) in various types of schools. When, as a result of school reform, Russian became the language of instruction; lessons in Russian became central in the curriculum, alongside the word of God; selections from Russian literature were read in the original language. In the lower grades, teaching was by the so-called ”natural method”, intended to guarantee swift achievement of fluency in ”living Russian language”; this was later replaced by systematic textual analysis, which distinguished between belles lettres and other types of texts. However, the study of literature was always subordinated to the goals of language instruction. In institutions of secondary education, study of Russian literature was separate from language instruction. Indeed, Russian literature was the only literature systematically studied in high schools (though one must keep in mind that not all schools completely followed the official program.) Private schools were especially noticeable for their greater freedom, though all of them had to take general curriculum directives into account. Reading of literary texts connected with other languages thus had to remain almost purely illustrative. In view of the above, in the upper grades of elementary school and high school, students obtained a thorough introduction to the Russian classics. According to the official school curriculum, Russian literary history ended with Nikolai Gogol. Attempts were made to ignore more modern authors altogether (to the point of banning them – this applied especially to the works of Fjodor Dostojevski). However, a good command of Russian made it possible to read those works not approved by the school, and to keep abreast of more recent Russian literature. Young Estonians took conspicuous interest in turn-of-the-century Russian literary life. Over time the split between ”anthologized” and real Russian literature continued to deepen, as did the conflict between the works and their official interpretations in schoolbooks. This tendency coincided with processes of renewal in Estonian literature. In the interim, knowledge of classical Russian literature acquired in school remained at the level of passive coexistence in the culture, a kind of backdrop to newer undertakings. Thus it is interesting to note that articles on Aleksandr Pushkin published in the 1920s Estonian press were addressed to the reader assumed to be knowledgeable both about his works and his biography. Reminiscences of school in the memoirs of several Estonian authors serve as evidence that learning about Russian literature, particularly poetry, was perhaps their only bright memory of school in the russification era. (shrink)