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  1. Discipline and Bounding: The History and Sociology of Science as Seen through the Externalism-Internalism Debate.Steven Shapin - 1992 - History of Science 30 (4):333-369.
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  • The development of a scientific specialty: The phage group and the origins of molecular biology.Nicholas C. Mullins - 1972 - Minerva 10 (1):51-82.
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  • Philosophy of Science: The Central Issues.Martin Curd & Jan A. Cover (eds.) - 1998 - Norton.
    Contents Preface General Introduction 1 | Science and Pseudoscience Introduction Karl Popper, Science: Conjectures and Refutations Thomas S. Kuhn, Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research? Imre Lakatos, Science and Pseudoscience Paul R. Thagard, Why Astrology Is a Pseudoscience Michael Ruse, Creation-Science Is Not Science Larry Laudan, Commentary: Science at the Bar---Causes for Concern Commentary 2 | Rationality, Objectivity, and Values in Science Introduction Thomas S. Kuhn, The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolutions Thomas S. Kuhn, Objectivity, Value Judgment, and (...)
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  • (6 other versions)The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Thomas Samuel Kuhn - 1962 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Otto Neurath.
    A scientific community cannot practice its trade without some set of received beliefs. These beliefs form the foundation of the "educational initiation that prepares and licenses the student for professional practice". The nature of the "rigorous and rigid" preparation helps ensure that the received beliefs are firmly fixed in the student's mind. Scientists take great pains to defend the assumption that scientists know what the world is like...To this end, "normal science" will often suppress novelties which undermine its foundations. Research (...)
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  • Objectivity, value judgment, and theory choice.Thomas S. Kuhn - 1981 - In David Zaret (ed.), Review of Thomas S. Kuhn The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Duke University Press. pp. 320--39.
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  • Science in context: readings in the sociology of science.Barry Barnes & David O. Edge (eds.) - 1982 - Cambridge: MIT Press.
    This collection of eighteen readings provides a basic text for undergraduates taking sociology of science courses. A general survey of articles published between 1961 and 1981, the book is also a useful overview for students taking courses in social and political studies of science; science, technology, and society; and "social issues" components of courses in the environmental sciences, geography, philosophy, and history of science. The editors have organized the book around "the relationship between the subculture of science and the wider (...)
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  • The notion of nature in chemistry.Joachim Schummer - 2003 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 34 (4):705-736.
    If nature is by definition the object of the natural sciences, then the dichotomy ‘natural’ versus ‘chemical’, held by both chemists and nonchemists, suggests an idiosyncrasy of chemistry. The first part of the paper presents a selective historical analysis of the main notions of nature in chemistry, as developed in early Christian views of chemical crafts, alchemy, iatrochemistry, mechanical philosophy, organic chemistry, and contemporary drug research. I argue that the dichotomy as well as quasi-moral judgments of chemistry have been based (...)
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  • Recent work on epistemic value.Duncan Pritchard - 2007 - American Philosophical Quarterly 44 (2):85 - 110.
    Recent discussion in epistemology has seen a huge growth in interest in the topic of epistemic value. In this paper I describe the background to this new movement in epistemology and critically survey the contemporary literature on this topic.
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  • Magic, science and masculinity: marketing toy chemistry sets.Salim Al-Gailani - 2009 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 40 (4):372-381.
    At least since the late nineteenth century, toy chemistry sets have featured in standard scripts of the achievement of eminence in science, and they remain important in constructions of scientific identity. Using a selection of these toys manufactured in Britain and the United States, and with particular reference to the two dominant American brands, Gilbert and Chemcraft, this paper suggests that early twentieth-century chemistry sets were rooted in overlapping Victorian traditions of entertainment magic and scientific recreations. As chemistry set marketing (...)
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  • The Image of Chemistry and Curriculum Changes.Johan Alfredo Linthorst - 2012 - Educación Química 23 (2):240-242.
    Since the 1980's, the influence of context-based curricula has been growing in curricula and has been taking place in advance of improving the image of chemistry. This article argues that chemical societies should focus on a better understanding of the negative image of chemistry, by supporting historical and philosophical research. Based on that, chemistry curricula should change.
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  • An integrated vision of the Green Chemistry evolution along 25 years.Carlos Alberto Marques & Adelio A. S. C. Machado - 2021 - Foundations of Chemistry 23 (3):299-328.
    The objective of the present review on the evolution of Green Chemistry, since its emergence until 2016, aimed an integrated vision of its progress along the three phases of its development: emergence, divulgation and consolidation. The methodology involved the analysis of a selection of bibliography on the evolution of GC collected from issues of the ACS symposia series; editorials in specialized GC journals; and commemorative birthday papers/editorials of these journals and of the GC itself. The analysis allowed to identify and (...)
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  • Practical Applications as a Source of Credibility: A Comparison of Three Fields of Dutch Academic Chemistry. [REVIEW]Laurens K. Hessels & Harro van Lente - 2011 - Minerva 49 (2):215-240.
    In many Western science systems, funding structures increasingly stimulate academic research to contribute to practical applications, but at the same time the rise of bibliometric performance assessments have strengthened the pressure on academics to conduct excellent basic research that can be published in scholarly literature. We analyze the interplay between these two developments in a set of three case studies of fields of chemistry in the Netherlands. First, we describe how the conditions under which academic chemists work have changed since (...)
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  • Connecting the philosophy of chemistry, green chemistry, and moral philosophy.Jean-Pierre Llored & Stéphane Sarrade - 2015 - Foundations of Chemistry 18 (2):125-152.
    This paper aims to connect philosophy of chemistry, green chemistry, and moral philosophy. We first characterize chemistry by underlining how chemists: co-define chemical bodies, operations, and transformations; always refer to active and context-sensitive bodies to explain the reactions under study; and develop strategies that require and intertwine with a molecular whole, its parts, and the surroundings at the same time within an explanation. We will then point out how green chemists are transforming their current activities in order to act upon (...)
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  • Chemistry: The Impure Science. [REVIEW]Johan Alfredo Linthorst - 2010 - Annals of Science 67 (4):579-581.
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  • Early Industrial Roots of Green Chemistry and the history of the BHC Ibuprofen process invention and its Quality connection.Mark A. Murphy - 2017 - Foundations of Chemistry 20 (2):121-165.
    Conventional wisdom and many published histories of “Green Chemistry” describe its start as being a result of governmental and/or regulatory actions at the US Environmental Protection Agency during the early 1990’s. But there were many Real World industrial examples of environmentally friendly commercial processes in the oil and commodity chemicals industries for decades prior to the 1990s. Some early examples of commercial “Green Chemistry” are briefly described in this article. The Boots/Hoechst Celanese Ibuprofen process was one of the earliest multiple-award-winning (...)
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  • Second-Guessing Scientists and Engineers: Post Hoc Criticism and the Reform of Practice in Green Chemistry and Engineering.William T. Lynch - 2015 - Science and Engineering Ethics 21 (5):1217-1240.
    The article examines and extends work bringing together engineering ethics and Science and Technology Studies, which had built upon Diane Vaughan’s analysis of the Challenger shuttle accident as a test case. Reconsidering the use of her term “normalization of deviance,” the article argues for a middle path between moralizing against and excusing away engineering practices contributing to engineering disaster. To explore an illustrative pedagogical case and to suggest avenues for constructive research developing this middle path, it examines the emergence of (...)
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  • Environmental Sustainability: implications and limitations to Green Chemistry. [REVIEW]Carlos Alberto Marques & Adélio A. S. C. Machado - 2013 - Foundations of Chemistry 16 (2):125-147.
    This study discusses the relationship between Green Chemistry and Environmental Sustainability as expressed in textbooks and articles on Green Chemistry authored by their promoters. It was found that although the Brundtland concept of Sustainable Development/Sustainability has been mentioned often by green chemists, a full analysis of that relationship was almost never attempted. In particular, green chemists have paid scarce attention to the importance of The Second Law of thermodynamics on Environmental Sustainability and the consequences of the limitations it imposes on (...)
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  • An overview: Origins and development of green chemistry.J. A. Linthorst - 2009 - Foundations of Chemistry 12 (1):55-68.
    This article provides an overview of the origins and development of green chemistry. Aiming to contribute to the understanding of green chemistry, basically from a historical point of view, this overview argues that contextual influences and the user friendliness of the term are drivers for the explosive growth of green chemistry. It is observed that political support for its development has been significant, in which the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 was a formal political starting-point, but informally the origins of (...)
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  • Green Chemistry as Social Movement?Steve Breyman & Edward J. Woodhouse - 2005 - Science, Technology, and Human Values 30 (2):199-222.
    Are there circumstances under which scientists and engineers doing their ordinary jobs can be thought of as participants in a social movement? The technoscientists analyzed in this article are at the forefront of a new way of doing chemistry; they are attempting to redesign chemical products and synthesis pathways to significantly reduce health effects and environmental damage from industrial chemicals. Green chemistry practitioners and entrepreneurs now constitute a small minority of chemists and chemical engineers in the university, government, and corporate (...)
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  • Towards a Practical Form of Epistemology: The Case of Green Chemistry.Jean-Pierre Llored - 2012 - Studia Philosophica Estonica 5 (2):36-60.
    This paper explores how chemists are transforming their own current background in order to act upon the world without jeopardizing life. In this respect, I will envisage science as both a system of propositions and a set of engaged practices. The scrutiny of chemical innovations will allow me to query the concepts of paradigm and that of scientific community . In doing so, I will connect the philosophy of science with the philosophy of technology so as to think about our (...)
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  • Green chemistry: An innovative technology. [REVIEW]M. Kidwai & R. Mohan - 2004 - Foundations of Chemistry 7 (3):269-287.
    The drive towards clean technology in the chemical industry with an increasing emphasis on the reduction of waste at source requires a level of innovation and new technology that the chemical industry is beginning to adopt. The green chemistry revolution provides an enormous number of opportunities to discover and apply new synthetic approaches using alternative feedstocks; ecofriendly reaction conditions, energy minimizations and the design of less toxic and inherently safer chemicals. In this review exciting opportunities and some successful examples of (...)
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  • Rationality and paradigm change in science.Ernan McMullin - 1993 - In Paul Horwich (ed.), World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science. MIT Press. pp. 55-78.
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  • Green dreams of reason. Green nanotechnology between visions of excess and control.Astrid E. Schwarz - 2009 - NanoEthics 3 (2):109-118.
    Nanotechnology has recently been identified with principles of sustainability and with a ‘green’ agenda generally . Some maintain that this green dream of nanotechnology is a rather ephemeral societal phenomenon that owes its existence to the campaign ploys of politics and business. This paper argues that deeper lying societal and cognitive structures are at work here that complement or even substantiate in some sense the seemingly manipulative saying of a greening of nanotechnologies. Taking seriously the concept of ‘green nano’, this (...)
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  • Rhetoric, Induction, and the Free Speech Dilemma.Jesus P. Zamora Bonilla - 2006 - Philosophy of Science 73 (2):175-193.
    Scientists can choose different claims as interpretations of the results of their research. Scientific rhetoric is understood as the attempt to make those claims most beneficial for the scientists' interests. A rational choice, game-theoretic model is developed to analyze how this choice can be made and to assess it from a normative point of view. The main conclusion is that `social' interests (pursuit of recognition) may conflict with `cognitive' ones when no constraints are put on the choices of the authors (...)
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