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  1. Cognition and Categorization.Eleanor Rosch & Barbara Bloom Lloyd (eds.) - 1978 - Lawrence Elbaum Associates.
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  • (1 other version)The language of taxonomy.John Richard Gregg - 1954 - New York,: Columbia University Press.
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  • Historical inevitability.Isaiah Berlin - 1955 - New York,: Oxford University Press.
    This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and (...)
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  • Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science.Carl Gustav Hempel - 1965 - New York: The Free Press.
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  • (1 other version)Punctuated Equilibria: An Alternative to Phyletic Gradualism.Niles Eldredge & Stephen Jay Gould - 1972 - In Thomas J. M. Schopf (ed.), Models in Paleobiology. Freeman, Cooper. pp. 82-115.
    They are correct that punctuated equilibria apply to sexually reproducing organisms and that morphological evolutionary change is regarded as largely (if not exclusively) correlated with speciation events. However, they err in suggesting that we attribute stasis strictly to "developmental constraints," which represent only one of a set of possible mechanisms that we have suggested for the causes of stasis. Others include habitat tracking and the internal structure of species themselves [for example, (2)].
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  • (1 other version)Chance and necessity.Jacques Monod - 1971 - New York,: Vintage Books.
    Change and necessity is a statement of Darwinian natural selection as a process driven by chance necessity, devoid of purpose or intent.
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  • Naming, necessity, and natural kinds.Stephen P. Schwartz (ed.) - 1977 - Ithaca [N.Y.]: Cornell University Press.
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  • New reasons for realism.James J. Gibson - 1967 - Synthese 17 (1):162 - 172.
    Both the psychology of perception and the philosophy of perception seem to show a new face when the process is considered at its own level, distinct from that of sensation. Unfamiliar conceptions in physics, anatomy, physiology, psychology, and phenomenology are required to clarify the separation and make it plausible. But there have been so many dead ends in the effort to solve the theoretical problems of perception that radical proposals may now be acceptable. Scientists are often more conservative than philosophers (...)
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  • Definitions of species in biology.Michael Ruse - 1969 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 20 (2):97-119.
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  • The supervenience of biological concepts.Alexander Rosenberg - 1978 - Philosophy of Science 45 (3):368-386.
    In this paper the concept of supervenience is employed to explain the relationship between fitness as employed in the theory of natural selection and population biology and the physical, behavioral and ecological properties of organisms that are the subjects of lower level theories in the life sciences. The aim of this analysis is to account simultaneously for the fact that the theory of natural selection is a synthetic body of empirical claims, and for the fact that it continues to be (...)
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  • A matter of individuality.David L. Hull - 1978 - Philosophy of Science 45 (3):335-360.
    Biological species have been treated traditionally as spatiotemporally unrestricted classes. If they are to perform the function which they do in the evolutionary process, they must be spatiotemporally localized individuals, historical entities. Reinterpreting biological species as historical entities solves several important anomalies in biology, in philosophy of biology, and within philosophy itself. It also has important implications for any attempt to present an "evolutionary" analysis of science and for sciences such as anthropology which are devoted to the study of single (...)
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  • On perceptual readiness.Jerome S. Bruner - 1957 - Psychological Review 64 (2):123-52.
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  • The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception: Classic Edition.James J. Gibson - 1979 - Houghton Mifflin.
    This is a book about how we see: the environment around us (its surfaces, their layout, and their colors and textures); where we are in the environment; whether or not we are moving and, if we are, where we are going; what things are good for; how to do things (to thread a needle or drive an automobile); or why things look as they do.The basic assumption is that vision depends on the eye which is connected to the brain. The (...)
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  • (4 other versions)Rules and representations.Noam A. Chomsky - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (127):1-61.
    The book from which these sections are excerpted is concerned with the prospects for assimilating the study of human intelligence and its products to the natural sciences through the investigation of cognitive structures, understood as systems of rules and representations that can be regarded as These mental structui′es serve as the vehicles for the exercise of various capacities. They develop in the mind on the basis of an innate endowment that permits the growth of rich and highly articulated structures along (...)
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  • Rules and representations.Noam Chomsky (ed.) - 1980 - New York: Columbia University Press.
    In Rules and Representations, first published in 1980, Noam Chomsky lays out many of the concepts that have made his approach to linguistics and human cognition so instrumental to our understanding of language.Chomsky arrives at his well-known position that there is a universal grammar, structured in the human mind and common to all human languages. Based on Chomsky's 1978 Woodbridge Lectures, this edition contains revised versions of the lectures and two new essays.
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  • The Selfish Gene. [REVIEW]Gunther S. Stent & Richard Dawkins - 1977 - Hastings Center Report 7 (6):33.
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  • The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems.Charles K. West & James J. Gibson - 1969 - Journal of Aesthetic Education 3 (1):142.
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  • Identify and Individuation. [REVIEW]W. V. Quine - 1972 - Journal of Philosophy 69 (16):488-497.
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  • (4 other versions)Philosophical investigations.Ludwig Wittgenstein & G. E. M. Anscombe - 1953 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 161:124-124.
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  • (1 other version)Naming, Necessity, and Natural Kinds.Stephen P. Schwartz - 1978 - Philosophy 53 (203):126-127.
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  • Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man.Thomas Reid - 1785 - University Park, Pa.: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Derek R. Brookes & Knud Haakonssen.
    Thomas Reid was a philosopher who founded the Scottish school of 'common sense'. Much of Reid's work is a critique of his contemporary, David Hume, whose empiricism he rejects. In this work, written after Reid's appointment to a professorship at the university of Glasgow, and published in 1785, he turns his attention to ideas about perception, memory, conception, abstraction, judgement, reasoning and taste. He examines the work of his predecessors and contemporaries, arguing that 'when we find philosophers maintaining that there (...)
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  • Features of similarity.Amos Tversky - 1977 - Psychological Review 84 (4):327-352.
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  • Perceptual learning: Differentiation or enrichment?James J. Gibson & Eleanor J. Gibson - 1955 - Psychological Review 62 (1):32-41.
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  • Central Subjects and Historical Narratives.David L. Hull - 1975 - History and Theory 14 (3):253-274.
    A central subject is the main strand around which the fabric of an historical narrative is woven. Such a subject must possess both spatial and temporal continuity. It is integrated into an historical entity through the relationship between those properties which make it an individual, and their interaction with the historical event. Scientific theory is useful in the reconstruction of past events and the definition of the central subject. Ideas used as central subjects present the problem of finding internal principles (...)
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  • Scientific Research.Mario Bunge - 1967 - Springer Verlag.
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  • Phylogenetic Systematics.Willi Hennig - 1966 - University of Illinois Press.
    Argues for the primacy of the phylogenetic system as the general reference system in biology. This book, first published in 1966, generated significant controversy and opened possibilities for evolutionary biology.
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  • Human ethology: concepts and implications for the sciences of man.Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (1):1-26.
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  • Précis of O'Keefe & Nadel's The hippocampus as a cognitive map.John O'Keefe & Lynn Nadel - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):487-494.
    Theories of spatial cognition are derived from many sources. Psychologists are concerned with determining the features of the mind which, in combination with external inputs, produce our spatialized experience. A review of philosophical and other approaches has convinced us that the brain must come equipped to impose a three-dimensional Euclidean framework on experience – our analysis suggests that object re-identification may require such a framework. We identify this absolute, nonegocentric, spatial framework with a specific neural system centered in the hippocampus.A (...)
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  • Methodological solipsism considered as a research strategy in cognitive psychology.Jerry A. Fodor - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (1):63-73.
    The paper explores the distinction between two doctrines, both of which inform theory construction in much of modern cognitive psychology: the representational theory of mind and the computational theory of mind. According to the former, propositional attitudes are to be construed as relations that organisms bear to mental representations. According to the latter, mental processes have access only to formal (nonsemantic) properties of the mental representations over which they are defined.The following claims are defended: (1) That the traditional dispute between (...)
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  • Studies in the Philosophy of Biology: Reduction and Related Problems : [papers Presented at a Conference on Problems of Reduction in Biology Held in Villa Serbe, Bellagio, Italy 9-16 September 1972.Francisco Jose Ayala & Theodosius Dobzhansky (eds.) - 1974 - Berkeley: University of California Press.
    Should the philosophy of biology deal with organismic, or with molecular aspects , or with both ? We are, of course, not the first to appreciate the ...
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  • The nature of the physical world.Arthur Stanley Eddington - 1928 - London,: Dent.
    1929. The course of Gifford Lectures that Eddington delivered in the University of Edinburgh in January to March 1927.
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  • (3 other versions)The poverty of historicism.Karl Raimund Popper - 1957 - London,: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
    Hailed on publication in 1957 as "probably the only book published this year that will outlive the century," this is a brilliant of the idea that there are ...
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  • Natural kinds and literary accomplishments.Michael Ghiselin - 1980 - Michigan Quarterly Review 19:73-88.
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  • Human understanding.Stephen Toulmin - 1972 - Princeton, N.J.,: Princeton University Press.
    v. 1. The collective use and evolution of concepts.
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  • The philosophy of history.Patrick L. Gardiner (ed.) - 1974 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    These ten papers deal with central topics such as objectivity, explanation and understanding, and determinism. Contributors include R.G. Collingwood and Sir Isaiah Berlin among others.
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  • Philosophical analysis and history.William H. Dray - 1978 - Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Edited by William H. Dray.
    The concept of scientific history / Isaiah Berlin -- The limits of scientific history / W.H. Walsh -- The objectivity of history / J.A. Passmore -- Explanation in science and in history / C.G. Hempel -- The Popper-Hempel theory reconsidered / Alan Donagan -- The autonomy of historical understanding / Louis O. Mink -- Historical continuity and causal analysis / Michael Oakeshott -- Causal judgment in history and in the law / H.L.A. Hart and A.M. Honoré -- Causes, connections and (...)
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  • On semantic pitfalls of biological adaptation.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1966 - Philosophy of Science 33 (1/2):147-.
    "Adaptation" has several meanings which have often been confused, including relations, processes, states, and intrinsic properties. It is used in comparative and historical contexts. "Adaptation" and "environment" may designate probabilistic concepts. Recognition of these points refutes arguments for the notions that: 1) all organisms are perfectly adapted; 2) organisms cannot be ill-adapted and survive or well-adapted and die; 3) adaptation is necessarily relative to the environment; 4) change in environment is necessary for evolution; 5) preadaptation implies teleology. Such notions are (...)
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  • Back to class: A note on the ontology of species.Arthur L. Caplan - 1981 - Philosophy of Science 48 (1):130-140.
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  • Teleological explanations in evolutionary biology.Francisco J. Ayala - 1970 - Philosophy of Science 37 (1):1-15.
    The ultimate source of explanation in biology is the principle of natural selection. Natural selection means differential reproduction of genes and gene combinations. It is a mechanistic process which accounts for the existence in living organisms of end-directed structures and processes. It is argued that teleological explanations in biology are not only acceptable but indeed indispensable. There are at least three categories of biological phenomena where teleological explanations are appropriate.
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  • The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems.James Jerome Gibson - 1966 - Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin.
    Describes the various senses as sensory systems that are attuned to the environment. Develops the notion of rich sensory information that specifies the distal environment. Includes a discussion of affordances.
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  • The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception.Marc H. Bornstein - 1980 - Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 39 (2):203-206.
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  • Sociobiology: Sense or Nonsense?J. L. Mackie - 1979 - Erkenntnis 15 (2):189-194.
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  • (1 other version)Philosophy of Biology. [REVIEW]Michael Ruse - 1998 - International Studies in Philosophy 30 (4):150-151.
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  • Concept, word, and sentence: Interrelations in acquisition and development.Katherine Nelson - 1974 - Psychological Review 81 (4):267-285.
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  • (4 other versions)Rules and representations.Noam Chomsky - 1980 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (1):1-15.
    The book from which these sections are excerpted is concerned with the prospects for assimilating the study of human intelligence and its products to the natural sciences through the investigation of cognitive structures, understood as systems of rules and representations that can be regarded as “mental organs.” These mental structui′es serve as the vehicles for the exercise of various capacities. They develop in the mind on the basis of an innate endowment that permits the growth of rich and highly articulated (...)
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  • (1 other version)The Ascent of Life: A Philosophical Study of the Theory of Evolution.George Dickie - 1961 - Philosophy 37 (141):268-272.
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  • Is Science Sexist?: And Other Problems in the Biomedical Sciences.Michael Ruse - 1981 - Springer.
    Philosophy of biology has a long and honourable history. Indeed, like most of the great intellectual achievements of the Western World, it goes back to the Greeks. However, until recently in this century, it was sadly neglected. With a few noteworthy exceptions, someone wishing to delve into the subject had to choose between extremes of insipid vitalism on the one hand, and sterile formalizations of the most elementary biological principles on the other. Whilst philosophy of physics pushed confidently ahead, the (...)
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  • The logical status of the theory of natural selection and other evolutionary controversies.Mary B. Williams - 1973 - In Mario Bunge (ed.), The methodological unity of science. Boston,: Reidel. pp. 84--102.
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  • Ethnobiological classification.Brent Berlin - 1978 - In Eleanor Rosch & Barbara Bloom Lloyd (eds.), Cognition and Categorization. Lawrence Elbaum Associates. pp. 9--26.
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  • Principles of categorization [Електронний ресурс]/Eleonora Rosch.E. Rosch - 1978 - In Eleanor Rosch & Barbara Bloom Lloyd (eds.), Cognition and Categorization. Lawrence Elbaum Associates.
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