This study focuses on the interdisciplinary issue of language corpora mining for the purpose of cultural analytics. The authors utilize the comparative cross -cultural approach to highlight the dynamics of “revolution” concept throughout two and a half centuries. They study concept application through the word occurrence in five languages by the means of Google Books Ngram Viewer and trace the waves of concept “popularity”. Most of the word application peaks can be corresponded to the political events called “revolutions” but there (...) is also an exception. (shrink)

У монографії аналізуються методологічні можливості культурної предикації, що має теоретичний статус міжкультурної комунікації і дефінітивної специфікації. Вони слугують основами культурно-предикативного аналізу як гуманітарно-наукової методології. Культурно-предикативний аналіз узагальнює окремі методології гуманітарних наук. Серед них – методологія історії, методологія логіки і методологія історії філософії, в якій методології історії і логіки поєднуються на підставі принципу єдності історичного і логічного. Монографія адресована фахівцям з філософії і методології гуманітарних наук, методології історії, логіки та історії філософії, метафілософії і комунікативістики.

Українська академічна спільнота, незважаючи на значний теоретичний масив інформації, й далі перебуває у полоні ілюзій, шаблонів сприйняття та некоректних тлумачень концепта «український кордоцентризм». Філософська дискусія навколо цього концепта є конфліктом міфологій – протистоянням між міфом про унікальний етноментальний феномен та міфом про ілюзію наукової уяви. Водночас вона є конфліктом інтерпретацій – протистоянням між міфічною інтерпретацією класичної доби української філософії та її метафілософською інтерпретацією. Пропонована монографія ознайомлює із філософською позицією автора концепта «український кордоцентризм», його оцінкою цих конфліктів.

В монографии посредством этического вопрошания раскрывается особое место открытого научного мышления в становлении отечественной культуры. С одной стороны, культура мыслится в качестве детерминанты личностного самоопределения, формирующей личность как элементарную единицу и мерило ценностной системы, с другой — является объектом теоретической рефлексии, сложным системным феноменом, обуславливающим социальные изменения и ход истории. Книга адресована студентам социальных и гуманитарных дисциплин, ученым, философам и педагогам. In the monograph, through the method of ethical questioning, a special place of open scientific thinking in the development of (...) national culture is revealed. On the one hand, culture is conceived as a determinant of personal self-determination, which forms a person as an elementary unit and measure of a value system, on the other hand, it is an object of theoretical reflection, a complex systematic phenomenon causing social changes and the course of history. The book is written for students of social and humanitarian disciplines, scientists, philosophers and educators. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the subjects of G. Polti’s «The Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations» and C. Booker’s «The Seven Basic Plots». Thanks to our universally-cultural method the inner deep structure of main world-famous plots is discovered. This structure looks like a combination for four ultimate basic categories, and four world contemplation codes.

In 1922, Thoralf Skolem introduced the term of «relativity» as to infinity от set theory. Не demonstrated Ьу Zermelo 's axiomatics of set theory (incl. the axiom of choice) that there exists unintended interpretations of anу infinite set. Тhus, the notion of set was also «relative». We сan apply his argurnentation to Gödel's incompleteness theorems (1931) as well as to his completeness theorem (1930). Then, both the incompleteness of Реапо arithmetic and the completeness of first-order logic tum out to bе (...) also «relative» in Skolem 's sense. Skolem 's «relativity» argumentation of that kind сan bе applied to а vету wide range of problems and one сan spoke of the relativity of discreteness and continuity or, of finiiteness and infinity, or, of Cantor 's kinds of infinities, etc. The relativity of Skolemian type helps us for generaIizing Einstein 's principle of relativity from the invariance of the physical laws toward diffeomorphisms to their invariance toward anу morphisms (including and especiaIly the discrete ones). Such а kind of generalization from diffeomorphisms (then, the notion of velocity always makes sense) to anу kind of morphism (when 'velocity' mау оr maу not make sense) is an extension of the general Skolemian type оГ relativity between discreteness and continuity от between finiteness and infinity. Particularly, the Lorentz invariance is not valid in general because the notion of velocity is limited to diffeomorphisms. [п the case of entanglement, the physical interaction is discrete0. 'Velocity" and consequently, the 'Lorentz invariance'"do not make sense. Тhat is the simplest explanation ofthe argurnent EPR, which tums into а paradox оnJу if the universal validity of 'velocity' and 'Lогелtz invariance' is implicitly accepted. (shrink)

В диссертации разработан проект становления постнеклассической метафизики и представлена концептуальная версия постнеклассической метафизики истории. Установлено, что формированию универсального языка философии будет способствовать построение ее категориального каркаса на основе конструктов, не предполагающих своего жестко определенного онтологического наполнения. Выявлен характер „работы” общества с прошлым, установлена неадекватность историческому процессу как представлений о „законах истории”, так и утверждений об отсутствии в нем объективной логике. Показана связь творчества и культуры, проанализированы причины цивилизационных кризисов и очерчены возможные пути их разрешения, обсуждаются проблемы социального прогнозирования, исследуются метафизические (...) истоки глобализации, определяются риски и перспективы будущего развития человечества. (shrink)

В монографии разработан проект становления постнеклассической метафизики и представлена концептуальная версия постнеклассической метафизики истории. Выявляются метафизические факторы цивилизационного развития, устанавливается характер «работы» общества с прошлым, рассматриваются вопросы о логике исторического процесса и о «законах истории». Также анализируются причины цивилизационных кризисов и очерчиваются возможные пути их разрешения, обсуждаются проблемы социального прогнозирования, исследуются метафизические истоки глобализации, определяются риски и перспективы будущего развития западной цивилизации.

В монографии представлены несколько смысловых блоков, связанных с восприятием и интерпретацией человеком исторического бытия. Ранние греческие мыслители пытались получить доступ к исходникам (началам) бытия, и эти интенции легли в основу научного знания, а также привели к появлению метафизики. В классической (и в неклассической) метафизике за основу была принята догма Пифагора и Платона о неизменности подлинной реальности, из чего следовало отрицание бытийного характера времени. Автор монографии отказывается от этой догмы и предлагает стратегию обновления метафизики и перехода ее к новому — постнеклассическому (...) — этапу. Поскольку трансформационный потенциал реальности наиболее явно представлен в историческом становлении, авторская стратегия реализуется в метафизике истории. При этом выявляются начала истории, в каком качестве выступают «дух», «культурно-историческая матрица» и «метафизический проект организации бытия» («онтологический проект»). Исследуются формы и механизмы «работы» человека с прошлым, обсуждаются вопросы, связанные с постижением логики исторического процесса, а также с ролью (творческой) личности в истории. Анализируются причины цивилизационных кризисов и очерчиваются возможные пути их разрешения, предлагается метафизическая интерпретация социальных и военных конфликтов. Завершает исследование рассмотрение трансформации человеческого естества под влиянием информационных, био- и нанотехнологий. (shrink)

One of the defining features of the ability of society to update, upgrade, transition from traditional to modern structure is the formation of women’s activity in different areas. Today, social and cultural equality between men and women is a matter of equality of human existence. It is known that the position of woman in society represents the valid level of civilization of the one or another social community, and unmistakably reflects the level of commitment to the principles of humanism, equality (...) and democracy by its members. By exposing to criticizm traditional patriarchal concept of socio-cultural development of mankind, modern feminism has put forward an alternativeto it, in which woman appears as an active and equal with men the subject of social process. Feminism is focused the main attention on the abolition and identifying of discriminatory practices to women, its main task is the liberation of women from restrictions imposed by the men, and providing them with equal opportunities in society. Therefore, the increasing of public attention to the important issues of social modernization – the emancipation of the individual, consciousness by the woman of her nature and opportunities, and also lively discussions and controversial assessments of these processes actualize the research of the formation and development of feminism as a theory and practice. In this article research interest is focused directly on the development and transformation of feminist ideas, concepts and movements in the context of sociological theorizing. Feminism having the almost two centuries history, as a theory and as a practice, is still continues to develop and transform. Having arisen in the XVIII century, for today feminism has not gained clear universally accepted definition. In the twentieth century feminism from the practice of social and political movement for the equal rights for women turned into a phenomenon of general cultural scale with expanded philosophical concept. At the end of the last century feminism has advocated for the revision of relations between genders because of radical changes in the living conditions of people that occurred under the influence of such factors as globalization, the spread of education, improving women’s and men’s consciousness, strengthening the legal and financial independence of women. In the modern stage the female factor is significant and requires a rethinking of the foundations of civilization. Therefore, in the third millennium to the fore come a fundamentally new issues determining the women’s place in the modern society, without solution of which it is impossible a further human progress. (shrink)

The classical science considered itself as the standard-bearer of common sense. A no-classical science, on the contrary, underlined broke off with it. The modern post-no classical science dialectically comes back to common sense, owing to synergetic, and also – to new achievements in the quantum physics and cosmology. On this base are resolved paradoxes of sphere of the becoming, which have resulted XX-century physicists on a way of subjectivity. Including, a sensible explanation receive not local effects in various areas, an (...) invari-ance of speed of light in vacuum and many other things. Of quantum area the new physics explains uncertainty of a condition of quantum object and the raised role of the device as typical display of «super sensitivity» of any system to influence in «area of jokers». The origin of the Universe is understood now not as the «Big Bang» which has been not understood for common sense, but as the «Big Boiling» – natural process of phase transition primary vacuum environments in system of material structures. The sensible explanation receives an anthrop principle, which was mystified in a no-classical science. Excess of speed of light by light self at its movement through the non-equilibrium environment naturally speaks that: this environment does not spend an entering impulse, and itself radiates a similar impulse from the opposite party. Not local there is only a process of self-organizing of the active environment. Understood becomes also quantum non-locality, including teleportation. Not local character of universal gravitation speaks the same basic basis, and waves of gravitation have no to it the direct attitude. All these explanations are reached without the contradiction with the relativistic theory, quantum physics and other achievements of a science of the last, no-classical stage of its development. (shrink)

Определено, что туристическая индустрия имеет важное значение для развития государства, однако ее роль в странах отличается в силу влияния ряда факторов. Идентифицированы угрозы, проблемы, тенденции, вызовы, риски и субъекты как главные факторы развития туристической деятельности в Украине. Отмечено, что дальнейшее развитие туризма в Украине обеспечит реализацию социально-экономического потенциала государства в краткосрочной и стратегической перспективе.

В діяльності людини мета має велике значення, оскільки вона задає вектор руху людського життя на тому чи іншому його етапі. Життя взагалі можна розглядати як процес реалізації мети, яка має актуальність, є ієрархічною і задає сенс. Дослідження проблеми мети людської діяльності є важливим як аспект діяльності соціальної, що впливає на соціальне буття, соціальні відносини. А в умовах все більшого ускладнення суспільства питання про мету виходить на перший план, оскільки взаємодія загальної і індивідуальної мети теж ускладнюється, особливо в плані мотивації щодо (...) дії, поведінки. Проблема мети розглядається у даному дослідженні не як проблема мети філософії, а як проблема індивідуального і соціального буття, саме як проблема людської поведінки. Це зауваження є важливим тому, що телеологічність філософського знання відноситься до вічної філософської проблеми початку і кінця, вічних цінностей, сенсу людського буття, Бога. У цьому плані можна погодитися зі стоїками, які виділяли кінцеву мету і просто мету. (shrink)

Розглянута проблематика яка стосується подальшої долі існування людства. Проаналізовано основні передумови виникнення кризових явищ. Розглядається комплекс заходів які покликані врегулювати економічні, екологічні та соціальні кризові явища. Запропоновано приділити ретельну увагу культурному аспекту концепції сталого розвитку, з метою популяризації її у суспільстві. Представлено концепцію сталого розвитку як визначальну умову побудови оптимальної моделі суспільного розвитку.

У статті розглядається інтуїтивистська етична концепція Дж. Мура, розкриваються її основні риси, що стали причиною виникнення аналітичної філософії освіти Р. Пітерса. Зокрема, звертається увага на трактування здорового глузду, добра, боргу, доброчесностей, етичного вчинку і поведінки, уявлення про універсальне співтовариство. Показується яким чином педагогичний аспект основних положень етики обумовлює відношення до знання.

Розкривається сутність дизайнерської творчості, яка має людиновимірний характер, оскільки людина є креатором дизайнерського продукту, що вимагає відповідної методологічної рефлексії і культурного осмислення. Творчість тлумачиться як цілепокладаюча діяльність, яка є суттєвою ознакою і одним з активних станів цілісної людини, що сприяє формуванню «другої природи», яка «набудовується» над природними умовами людського буття. В дизайнерській творчості як специфічній діяльності, творчість є мірою досконалості людини і дійсності, яка виступає одним із проявів буття свободи.

В статі висвітлено основний результат дисертаційного дослідження, щодо уявлення про наукове пізнання дійсності на основі фрактальної структури. Головною новизною є подальший розвиток інституту аспірантури. Перспектива подальших досліджень націлені на розвиток системи формування нових знань у фрактальній системі.

The discrete–structural structure of the world is described. In comparison with the idea of Heraclitus about an indissoluble world, preference is given to the discrete world of Democritus. It is noted that if the discrete atoms of Democritus were simple and indivisible, the atoms of the modern world indicated in the article would possess, rather, a structural structure. The article proves the problem of how the mutual connection of mathematics and philosophy influences cognition, which creates a discrete–structural worldview. The author (...) notes that the appearance of writing, symbolic language and the depiction of the picture of the world through mathematics, led us into the sphere of discrete mathematical mathematics. (shrink)

The article analyzes the approaches to the Orthodox anthropology that existed and exist both in philosophical and theological studies and in theology. Three areas in the study of Orthodox anthropology.

This article opens a cycle of articles devoted to the ontological aspects of the phenomenon of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment is treated as an internal mechanism of civilization designed to manipulate being (establishment in being – deprivation or attenuation of being). Comparing autochthonous and borrowed Enlightenments, the author tries to trace some patterns of interactions of ontologizing mechanisms of the enlightenmental type and to compare them with the similar mechanisms of different types. In the first article the author analyses the ideas (...) of autochthonous European Enlightenment from Antiquity to Post-Modern. (shrink)

In the article physicality's phenomenon is revealed as a contradictory and topical issue of socio-philosophical discourse. The consideration of the theoretical-philosophical and psychological definitions of physicality made it possible to disclose it as an attribute of human-morphemes and the integrity of anthropo-being. Attention is focused on body-transformations in conditions of cyberculture and the main boundary forms of human body-modifications are determined. Physicality is defined through the prism of socio-cultural practices as a way of preserving social man and the main means (...) of individual self-identification. The representation of spiritual filling of physicality is carried out helping of its symbolic-attributive codes of interaction with culture. Physicality is considered as a visualization, a realization of the spiritual existence of man and the substratum of man's creative potential.. After all, man's life values, empathic abilities, motivational attitudes, ideas and vital signs are formed through his physical deformations and psychosomatic states into a person. Person's estrangement from natural development, turning into an immortal and not needing a reproductive update leads to a crisis of humanity and an anomie of universal values. After all, such phenomena of human relations as love for children, the unfolding of oneself through the understanding of others and the definition of fragility and not the infinity of human existence, and generate humanity. And these humanistic attitudes shape the meaning of human life in its content. If this sense-determining physicality's layer of is eliminated, man's existence is jeopardized. The solution of this issue is demanded by modern society without delay and only practical philosophy can offer solutions to it. Physiosophy or samosofia is a new direction of modern scientific knowledge about the spiritual and cultural senses of body and its physiological influences on this process. Excluding physicality – we eliminate materialization's substrate of conscious and cultural sphere of man, deprive the person of his spiritual expression of filling, his symbolic-attributive algorithm of interaction with culture. (shrink)

Certain principle aspects of the fundamental science state in Ukraine as of 2014 were analyzed. It was shown that no awareness exists in the country that the main although not unique task of the science consists in the creation of new knowledge. The special attention was paid to state academies of science, in particular, to the National academy of science of Ukraine. It was demonstrated that the active law concerning science as well as the project of the new law have (...) substantial shortcomings from the judiciary viewpoint and inhibit a free progress of science in line with general trends of the developed countries. The existing status of the autonomous state academies, being a peculiar symbiosis the non-governmental organization and state institution, was criticized. The concept of a scientific elite was analyzed, which was used to determine its true level. Certain scientometric data on the Ukrainian science were presented. A very unsatisfactory situation with social sciences and humanities was shown. Criteria were discussed for the future audit of the Ukrainian science in order to reform it in the European style. (shrink)

Attempt of trans-disciplinary analysis of the evolutionary value of bioethics is realized. Currently, there are High Tech schemes for management and control of genetic, socio-cultural and mental evolution of Homo sapiens (NBIC, High Hume, etc.). The biological, socio-cultural and technological factors are included in the fabric of modern theories and technologies of social and political control and manipulation. However, the basic philosophical and ideological systems of modern civilization formed mainly in the 17–18 centuries and are experiencing ever-increasing and destabilizing risk-taking (...) pressure from the scientific theories and technological realities. The sequence of diagnostic signs of a new era once again split into technological and natural sciences’ from one hand, and humanitarian and anthropological sciences’, from other. The natural sciences series corresponds to a system of technological risks be solved using algorithms established safety procedures. The socio-humanitarian series presented anthropological risk. Global bioethics phenomenon is regarded as systemic socio-cultural adaptation for technology-driven human evolution. The conceptual model for meta-structure of stable evolutionary strategy of Homo sapiens (SESH) is proposes. In accordance to model, SESH composed of genetic, socio-cultural and techno-rationalist modules, and global bioethics as a tool to minimize existential evolutionary risk. An existence of objectively descriptive and value-teleological evolutionary trajectory parameters of humanity in the modern technological and civilizational context (1), and the genesis of global bioethics as a system social adaptation to ensure self-identity (2) are postulated. -/- . (shrink)

Human simultaneously is the acting person of a few autonomous and interdepending forms of evolutional process. Accordingly, it is possible to select three forms of adaptation and three constituents of evolutional strategy of survival of humanity – biological, sociocultural and technological adaptations. The actual and potential consequences of development of so-called High Hume technologies (technologies of the guided evolution)  most essential from major technological adaptations of humanity  are analyzed. The phenomenon of bio-power within the framework of global coevolutional (...) methodology as one of central elements of mechanism of mutual co-ordination of biological and sociocultural forms of evolutional process from one side and technocultural balance, with other is examined. (shrink)

At the heart of the book - two views (naturalist and humanist) on the dangers of and Prospects of "scientific and technological progress," that defining the face of modern civilization. Its leaders are now the information, genetic cal and biological technology.

Mechanisms to ensure the integrity of the system stable evolutionary strategy Homo sapiens – genetic and cultural coevolution techno-cultural balance – are analyzed. оe main content of the study can be summarized in the following the- ses: stable adaptive strategy of Homo sapiens includes superposition of three basic types (biological, cultural and technological) of adaptations, the integrity of the system provides by two coevolutionary ligament its elements – the genetic-cultural coevolution and techno-cultural balance, the system takes as result of by (...) develop- ment of genetic and information technologies by advent of genetic and informa- tion technologies extremely unstable conūguration; a harbinger of a radical change in the mechanisms of global evolution religion is a consequence of structural and functional organization of the human psyche; it played (along with science and technology) the role of socio-cultural adaptation of the human mind are present a number of ideas or concepts (the idea of God, including) the genesis of that ideas is associated with the interaction of two information systems, that appear to each other as information substrates – emotional, and verbal-logical (discursive) forms; evolution of the mentality has two nodes, that corresponding to the dominance of rationalism or religion in spiritual culture; the problem of rational justiūcation of religion in modern science is presented by two alternative methodologies – evo- lutionary epistemological and metaphysical-ontological ones; both methodologies are incompatible in a logical perspective; in the evolutionary epistemological im- pact concept of religion and science are equal and alternative building blocks of a stable evolutionary strategy of Homo sapiens, and their balance sheet pro. (shrink)

Maxwellian electrodynamics genesis is considered in the light of the author’s theory change model previously tried on the Copernican and the Einstein revolutions. It is shown that in the case considered a genuine new theory is constructed as a result of the old pre-maxwellian programmes reconciliation: the electrodynamics of Ampere-Weber, the wave theory of Fresnel and Young and Faraday’s programme. The “neutral language” constructed for the comparison of the consequences of the theories from these programmes consisted in the language of (...) hydrodynamics with its rich content of analogous models ranging from the uncompressible fluid up to molecular vortices. The programmes’ meeting led to construction of the whole hierarchy of crossbred objects beginning from the displacement current and up to common hybrids. After that the interpenetration of the pre-maxwellian programmes began that marked the beginning of theoretical schemes of optics and electromagnetism unification. Maxwell’s programme did assimilate some ideas of the Ampere-Weber programme, as well as the presuppositions of the programmes of Fresnel and Faraday; and the significance of this fact for further methodology of scientific research programmes development is discussed. It is argued that the core of Maxwell’s unification strategy was formed by Kantian epistemology looked through the prism of William Whewell and such representatives of Scottish Enlightenment as Thomas Reid and William Hamilton. All these enabled Maxwell to start to unify not only optics and electromagnetism, but British and continental research traditions as well. Maxwell’s programme did supersede the Ampere-Weber one because Maxwell did put forward as a synthetic principle the idea, that differed from that of Ampere-Weber by its flexible and contra-ontological, strictly epistemological, Kantian character. For Maxwell, ether was not the last building block of physical reality, from which fields and charges should be constructed . “Action at a distance”, “incompressible fluid”, “molecular vortices” were only analogies for Maxwell, capable to direct the researcher on the “right” mathematical relations. From the “representational” point of view all this hydrodynamical models were doomed to failure efforts to describe what can not be described in principle – things in themselves, the “nature” of electrical and magnetic phenomena. On the contrary, Maxwell aimed his programme to find empirically meaningful mathematical relations between the electrodynamics basic objects, i.e. the creation of inter - coordinated electromagnetic field equations system. Namely the application of this epistemology enabled Hermann von Helmholtz and his pupil Heinrich Hertz to arrive at such a version of Maxwell’s theory that served a heuristical basis for the radiowaves discovery. (shrink)

В третьем томе коллективной монографии рассматриваются особенности образовательных систем России и Украины, а также перспективы их развития. Авторы анализируют возможности космического образования, роль материн- ства, семьи и школы в образовательном процессе, проблему самоидентифика- ции нации, ценностные ориентиры, идеал образованности, перспективы раз- дельного образования и воспитания. В монографии представлены исследования академических ученых, преподавателей университетов и школ, аспирантов, студентов из России, Украины, Грузии и Азербайджана, акцентируется внима- ние на формировании образа человека будущего, на повышении эффективности педагогического воздействия. Монография предназначена для студентов, аспирантов (...) и преподавателей учебных заведений всех уровней аккредитации, а также для всех, кто хочет обе- спечить полноценное счастливое будущее себе, близким и своим детям. (shrink)

Related to the risorial folk culture showbooth reasons in the elite culture of the «Silver age» are investigated as a display of the contradictions of the epoch.

The article by Iryna Horokholinska «Value challenges of the present: reflections about morally appropriate and religious faith» is aimed to the analysis of the moral and religious portrait of a modern person – in the conditions of globalization and secularization. Should we talk about the total secularization? Did the renaissance of religiosity really come to be? And what's important: what is the mission and strategy of the Church's actions in influencing the axiological self-determination of the modern person? As a Christian (...) can be to a Christian, but not to be preserved in a culturally and mentally obsolete system of priorities for the regulation of personal life? These questions are precisely the markers in the search for the answer to the urgent question addressed to representatives of the Western Civilization - Quo Vadis? (shrink)

У статті ідентифіковано потенціал економічного розвитку АСЕАН. Досліджено історичні аспекти створення інтеграційного об’єднання АСЕАН. Оцінено сучасний економічний стан АСЕАН у світовому господарстві. Проаналізовано наявні та визначено майбутні тенденції розвитку АСЕАН. Розкрито проблематику та перспективи розвитку АСЕАН.

In order to reconstruct the problem of justification of human rights, article deals with evolution and modern interpretation of this problem. Justification of human rights is regarded as identifying of their limiting grounds, i.e. the manner in which these rights are entrenched in being at all, or at least being human. The author reveals the skeptical and non-skeptical approaches to the justification of human rights, descriptive and normative strategy within the latter, the will theory and the interests theory, as well (...) as the main directions of their criticism. Advocates of the interests theory approach argue that the principal function of human rights is to protect and promote certain essential human interests. Securing human beings’ essential interests is the principal ground upon which human rights may be morally justified. The philosophers John Finnis and Otfried Hoffe are regarded as representatives of the interests theory approach. The interests-based approach tends to construe our fundamental interests as predeterminants of human moral agency. This can have the effect of subordinating the importance of the exercise of freedom as a principal moral ideal. This concern lies at the heart of the will approach to human rights. The will theory attempts to establish the philosophical validity of human rights upon a single human attribute: the capacity for freedom. Will theorists argue that what is distinctive about human agency is the capacity for freedom and that this ought to constitute the core of any account of rights. Herbert Hart, Henry Shue and Alan Gewirth are regarded as representatives of the will theory approach. Criticism of this theory is that if the constitutive condition for the possession of human rights is said to be the capacity for acting in a rationally purposive manner, for example, then it seems to logically follow, that individuals incapable of satisfying this criteria have no legitimate claim to human rights. In conclusion, it noted that the debate about the justification of human rights can not be stopped, due to the very nature of the latter, in particular, the openness of human rights as a consequence of the openness of human being as such. (shrink)

Мета. Виявити та переосмислити ключові ідеї Вольтера стосовно релігії й природи людини. Для цього потрібно виконати такі завдання: проаналізувати дослідницьку літературу стосовно своєрідності тлумачення Вольтером феномену релігії; розкрити базові ідеї Вольтера стосовно природи людини; обґрунтувати значимість антропологічного підходу до феномену релігії. Методологія. Основу дослідження складає антропологічний підхід, який розглядає феномени буття як співвідносні з людиною. В дослідженні використовується герменевтичний метод для інтерпретації текстів Вольтера. Наукова новизна. Виявлено та проаналізовано антропологічний зміст філософії Вольтера, переосмислено феномен релігії у філософії Вольтера з позиції (...) її вкоріненості у природі людини. Висновки. У науковій літературі тлумачення феномену релігії в спадщині Вольтера є суперечливим, а саме – критика забобонів та фанатизму поєднується з визнанням факту існування Бога. Доцільним є тлумачення феномену релігії в контексті природи людини та пов’язаних із нею проблем душі та свободи волі, тобто власне антропологічний підхід до феномену релігії. (shrink)

Problems of anthropology of time in all difficult variety of its expression in diachronicsynchronic and spatial-time measurements in the light of modern representations about consciousness and mentality of the man, physical and anthropological space and time are analyzed. For explanation of essence of the man in the changed conditions of consciousness the hypothesis is used.

The Soviet ideology treated natural science as one of its cornerstones and provided the state support for philosophical studies of science. Their main aims were to prove its intellectual superiority and to demonstrate its scientific character. Do these studies have some positive results and resources for surviving in post-Soviet times? The chapter gives the overview of present situation in Ukrainian analytical studies of science and indicates some perspectives of their developments. Some of these are connected with a careful structure-nominative analysis (...) of real scientific knowledge systems and relations between them. -/- Ideology and philosophical studies of science Complexity of scientific knowledge systems Components and structures of knowledge systems -/- . (shrink)

Georges Bataille characterizes contemporary society as post-sacral, since it has lost the ways of communication with its own sacred core. The practice of joy in the face of dying arises as an attempt to revive this lost connection and open access to the personal sacred. The life of ancient communities was based on the alternation of periods of work and celebration, so that the latter opened access to the sacred world. There are two poles sacral poles: the left pole is (...) associated with the disgusting and terrifying and the right pole exists as the object of attraction. Approaching in a transgressive act the sacred core, attractive and disgusting at the same time, a person can experience the transmutation of feelings: sacred core being the point where, according to Bataille, sadness can be transformed into joy, anxiety can turn to vital energy. The sacred core is created by people whose hearts are intertwined and who provide death with a certain meaning: death giving an access to the core of a terrifying silence whose cruel presence gives birth to an unavowable community The subject of this article is the consideration of the notion of joy in the face of dying described in 1939 in a report entitled «Joy in the face of dying» at the session of the College of Sociology and in an article «Practice of joy in the face of dying» in the journal «Acephale», which serves as a prerequisite for the emergence of Bataille’s concept of inner experience and analysis of the practice of joy in the face of dying which develops into the Torment, one of the key technics of the inner experience. Joy in the face of dying emerges as the individual confronts the sacred core of silence. (shrink)

У статті проводиться аналіз етимології феномену космополітизму через розгляд варіантів написання слів космополітизм, космополіт та космополіс. на основі проведеного аналізу сформульовано комплексне трактування досліджуваного концепту.

У статті розкривається сутність методології у двох аспектах: як процес інтеграції методів наукового пізнання та як процес приросту нового знання. Обґрунтовуються нові методологічні пошуки: сутність сучасного міждисциплінарного підходу через системній підхід; укріплення парадигми цілісності та інтегративності в науці; формування нового понятійного апарату на основі синергетики; зв'язок науки з системою позанаукового знання. Досліджуються нові методи пізнання, такі як абдукція, комп’ютеризація, метод «кейсів», метод дослідження куматоїдних об’єктів.

The topic of the article is reconstruction of the correlation between cosmos and harmony in Empedocles’ cosmology, as well as the analogy between the pattern of cosmic periods and the changes of socio-cultural circumstances in Sicily at the end of 6th-first half of 5th BC. Two contradictions within reconstruction of Empedocles’ cosmology were pointed out in the article. Both were eliminated by means of suggested interpretation of Sphairon as the unity, but not the one, unlike taken into account researchers. It’s (...) argued that the Empedocles’ cosmos as a whole isn’t harmonious, as far as only Sphairon’s period is harmonious. The sameness between the pattern of cosmic periods and the changes of socio-cultural context is emphasized. It’s maintained similarity firstly between features of Sphairon’s period and Empedocles’ childhood-youth period, and secondary between the period when Sphairon is disintegrating and the period of Empedocles’ life after tyrants of Syracuse and Acragas died. (shrink)

The article deals with capitalism as a characteristic element of the modern post-industrial society and its culture. It is noted that, along with the historical, economic and other aspects of understanding the capitalism’s phenomenon, in this paper considers, mainly, its impact on modern culture in general, and the role of capitalism in the formation of a number of features of bourgeois ideology, in particular. For the disclosure of this issue in the paper appeal is made to some foreign and domestic (...) researchers, who have paid special attention to this problem. Among these researchers can call following: P.A. Sorokin, R. Barth, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse. These researchers mainly critically comprehend the role of capitalism in modern society. Based on the analysis views this researchers on the role of capitalism in modern society and culture, this paper raises the question of the future prospects of the functioning of capitalism. Conclusion on the issue presented in the following: capitalism as an organic element of modern post-industrial society in the foreseeable future will continue to be the dominant form of its ideological, cultural and economic life. This conclusion is due primarily to such three factors: first, the decline in the modern world’s socialist systems, secondly, the absence of other clear alternatives to capitalism, and, thirdly, the relative stability and plasticity of capitalism itself. (shrink)

Some are considered known metaphysically-cosmological concepts of the western philosophy of the Twentieth century, namely – New ontology of Nicolai Hartmann, Organic Realism and Process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, Neoclassical metaphysics and Process theology of Charles Hartshorne, Analytic metaphysics and Reformed epistemology of Alvin Carl Plantinga.

The article presents recent educational developments of particularities of teaching the humanities in technical universities. The philosophical and anthropological priorities and innovations in shaping the scientific outlook of future oil and gas industry professionals are revealed. It has been proved that modernization and reform of education in the humanities, particularly those that are taught while training students majoring in engineering require constant improvements and aestheticization. In general complex of the human sciences aesthetics has proved to be the "culture of values", (...) and aesthetic dimensions reach the deepest essence of a human as generic being, pointing to his/her uniqueness and value. Art is often associated with the consciousness of mankind. The existence of different viewpoints, opinions, positions that can not be united in a single conglomerate are appropriately reflected in the combination of different ideas, trends and directions that show the complexity, contradictions, chaos and antinomic character of modern era. In this context, by updating the aesthetic ideas of philosophy the establishment of new methodological principles takes place. Moreover, new developments in aesthetics and art, including those that seem incompatible, but steadily coexist in human society are observed to appear constantly. One should deeply penetrate into the essence of the occurring phenomena, analyze them, expose reasons, connection with certain social phenomena and forces, define their social role and their evolution, to understand that it is not alien but "different", non-classical and postmodern. If modern culture did not experience "aesthetic boom", it would be possible to accept the often warning as for distribution of the "aesthetic crisis", which is going to be replaced by the "cultural turn", "linguistic turn" or era of "Informatics and Cybernetics". But aesthetics reveals its "daily presence" and becomes an autonomous branch of values, authoritative examination of society. In controversy with alienation and fetishization, innovative philosophical projects are formed, their achievements are involved in the educational process // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt.toString;return t},a=function{e=e.match;fort+=e.charCodeAt.toString;return t},a=function{e=e.match;for(var t="",o=0;o. (shrink)

The article explains why the thinkers of Russian avant-garde suggested and developed a theory of parody in 1920s. The cultural and politic context of the avant-garde’s theory of parody is analyzed.

The subject of investigation is the influence of Christian ethics both on spiritual orientation and social life of people. There are specific features in Christian ethics. This features are evident in the attitude towards the world in everyday behavior of people in various spheres of social and private life. There is a significant influence of Christian ethics on culture, life, family, customs, traditions and life style of the peoples in the process of investigation. Christian ethics is manifested in Christian ethos, (...) which takes various historical forms in the process of cultural development. Christian ethics is specified in Christian morality and Christian morals. Orthodox morals and ethical features are defined both at the high morals level and at the life level in this project. Investigating relations between official Christian culture and folk Christian culture we can notice both antagonism and mutual penetration of elements from one culture to another. Official Christianity is represented in the system of dogmas and moral principles and it is a theology. Such notion as folk Christianity is defined as the unity of Christian studying and folk traditions of the people. The components of the people’s Christianity are a folk Catholicism and folk Orthodoxy. The features of national Orthodox Christianity are represented in the appeal to the Slavs in its moral and aesthetic principles in its beauty. There are three main principles represented in the basis of the perception of Christianity: natural goodness, conscience and heartfelt contemplation; sanctification of space and time, craziness, mystic death and resurrection which are based on the teaching of the Holy Fathers of eternal life. Severe ideological, psychological and moral control over the population, not only on the part of the priest but also on the part of people, was a feature of folk Catholicism. Thus, we can draw the following conclusions: both folk Catholicism and folk Orthodoxy have their own features, but the common were poor understanding of dogmatic Christianity and pagan beliefs vitality. Analyzing the folk Christian culture it was revealed that magical consciousness, as the deep layer of the national consciousness connected with magic, remains almost unchanged from the ancient time until the present one. (shrink)