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  1. Visual imagery and the limits of comprehension.Marc Krellenstein - 1994 - Dissertation, New School for Social Research
    I examined the proposition that there are psychological limits on what scientific problems can be solved, and that these limits may be based on a failure to be able to produce imagable, observation-based models for any possible solution, a position suggested by philosopher Colin McGinn in an argument attempting to prove that the mind-body problem is unsolvable. I examined another likely candidate for an unsolvable problem -- the ultimate origin of the universe (i.e., what might have preceded the Big Bang (...)
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  • A symbolic-connectionist theory of relational inference and generalization.John E. Hummel & Keith J. Holyoak - 2003 - Psychological Review 110 (2):220-264.
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  • Components of human intelligence.Robert J. Sternberg - 1983 - Cognition 15 (1-3):1-48.
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  • Visual cognition: An introduction.Steven Pinker - 1984 - Cognition 18 (1-3):1-63.
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  • The how, what, and why of mental imagery.Stephen M. Kossyln, Steven Pinker, George E. Smith & Steven P. Shwartz - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):570-581.
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  • The demands of mental travel: demand characteristics of mental imagery experiments.Charles L. Richman, David B. Mitchell & J. Steven Reznick - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):564-565.
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  • Al, imagery, and theories.Roger C. Schank - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):566-566.
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  • The representational codes for “sameness”.David S. Olton - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):154-154.
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  • Abstract codes are not just for chimpanzees.Thomas R. Zentall - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):157-158.
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  • Images, labels, concepts, and propositions: Some reservations regarding Premack's “abstract code”.Arthur C. Danto - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):143-144.
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  • Why it is unsurprising that ape “language training” enhances “completing incomplete (external) representations of action”.Justin Leiber - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):151-151.
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  • A new abstract code or the new possibility of multiple codes?Annette Karmiloff Smith - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):149-150.
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  • Can you decode a code?Donald M. Baer - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):138-139.
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  • The codes of man and beasts.David Premack - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):125-136.
    Exposing the chimpanzee to language training appears to enhance the animal's ability to perform some kinds of tasks but not others. The abilities that are enhanced involve abstract judgment, as in analogical reasoning, matching proportions of physically unlike exemplars, and completing incomplete representations of action. The abilities that do not improve concern the location of items in space and the inferences one might make in attempting to obtain them. Representing items in space and making inferences about them could be done (...)
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  • Models for deontic deduction.K. I. Manktelow - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):357-357.
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  • The content of mental models.Paolo Legrenzi & Maria Sonino - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):354-355.
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  • “Semantic procedure” is an oxymoron.Alan Bundy - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):339-340.
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  • Strategies in sentential reasoning.Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst, Yingrui Yang & Johnson-Laird N. Philip - 2002 - Cognitive Science 26 (4):425-468.
    Four experiments examined the strategies that individuals develop in sentential reasoning. They led to the discovery of five different strategies. According to the theory proposed in the paper, each of the strategies depends on component tactics, which all normal adults possess, and which are based on mental models. Reasoners vary their use of tactics in ways that are not deterministic. This variation leads different individuals to assemble different strategies, which include the construction of incremental diagram corresponding to mental models, and (...)
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  • How our brains reason logically.Markus Knauff - 2007 - Topoi 26 (1):19-36.
    The aim of this article is to strengthen links between cognitive brain research and formal logic. The work covers three fundamental sorts of logical inferences: reasoning in the propositional calculus, i.e. inferences with the conditional “if...then”, reasoning in the predicate calculus, i.e. inferences based on quantifiers such as “all”, “some”, “none”, and reasoning with n-place relations. Studies with brain-damaged patients and neuroimaging experiments indicate that such logical inferences are implemented in overlapping but different bilateral cortical networks, including parts of the (...)
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  • Generative Inferences Based on Learned Relations.Dawn Chen, Hongjing Lu & Keith J. Holyoak - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S5):1062-1092.
    A key property of relational representations is their generativity: From partial descriptions of relations between entities, additional inferences can be drawn about other entities. A major theoretical challenge is to demonstrate how the capacity to make generative inferences could arise as a result of learning relations from non-relational inputs. In the present paper, we show that a bottom-up model of relation learning, initially developed to discriminate between positive and negative examples of comparative relations, can be extended to make generative inferences. (...)
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  • Reasoning with Linear Orders: Differential Parietal Cortex Activation in Sub-Clinical Depression. An fMRI Investigation in Sub-Clinical Depression and Controls.Elanor C. Hinton, Richard G. Wise, Krish D. Singh & Ulrich von Hecker - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
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  • Images and inference.Robert K. Lindsay - 1988 - Cognition 29 (3):229-250.
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  • Converging evidence for the functional significance of imagery in problem solving.Phillip Shaver, Lee Pierson & Stephen Lang - 1974 - Cognition 3 (4):359-375.
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  • The imagery debate: a controversy over terms and cognitive styles.Janice M. Keenan & Richard K. Olson - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):558-559.
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  • Imagery theory: not mysterious – just wrong.Zenon Pylyshyn - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):561-563.
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  • The abstract code as a translation device.David Premack - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):158-167.
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  • Deduction and degrees of belief.David Over - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):361-362.
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  • A number of questions about a question of number.Alan Garnham - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):350-351.
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  • Strategies in sentential reasoning.Jean‐Baptiste Henst, Yingrui Yang & P. N. Johnson‐Laird - 2002 - Cognitive Science 26 (4):425-468.
    Four experiments examined the strategies that individuals develop in sentential reasoning. They led to the discovery of five different strategies. According to the theory proposed in the paper, each of the strategies depends on component tactics, which all normal adults possess, and which are based on mental models. Reasoners vary their use of tactics in ways that have no deterministic account. This variation leads different individuals to assemble different strategies, which include the construction of incremental diagrams corresponding to mental models, (...)
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  • Active transitive inference: When learner control facilitates integrative encoding.Douglas B. Markant - 2020 - Cognition 200 (C):104188.
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  • The imprecision of mental imagery.Thomas P. Moran - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):560-560.
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  • Conscious and nonconscious imagery.Alan Richardson - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):563-564.
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  • Matters of definition in the demystification of mental imagery.John S. Antrobus - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):549-550.
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  • Neurologizing mental imagery: the physiological optics of the mind's eye.Bruce Bridgeman - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):550-550.
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  • Précis of Deduction.Philip N. Johnson-Laird & Ruth M. J. Byrne - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):323-333.
    How do people make deductions? The orthodox view in psychology is that they use formal rules of inference like those of a “natural deduction” system.Deductionargues that their logical competence depends, not on formal rules, but on mental models. They construct models of the situation described by the premises, using their linguistic knowledge and their general knowledge. They try to formulate a conclusion based on these models that maintains semantic information, that expresses it parsimoniously, and that makes explicit something not directly (...)
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  • Conceptual Metaphors of Affect.L. Elizabeth Crawford - 2009 - Emotion Review 1 (2):129-139.
    Emotional experiences are often described in metaphoric language. A major question in linguistics and cognitive science is whether such metaphoric linguistic expressions reflect a deeper principle of cognition. Are abstract concepts structured by the embodied, sensorimotor domains that we use to describe them? This review presents the argument for conceptual metaphors of affect and summarizes recent findings from empirical studies. These findings show that, consistent with the conceptual metaphor account, the associations between affect and physical domains such as spatial position, (...)
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  • Symposium on “Cognition and Rationality: Part I” Relevance effects in reasoning.Jean-Baptiste Henst - 2006 - Mind and Society 5 (2):229-245.
    Reasoning research has focussed mainly on the type of cognitive processes involved when representing premises and when producing conclusions. But less is known about the factors that guide these representational and inferential processes. What premises are actually taken as input in reasoning? And what conclusions are intended? In this paper it is argued that considerations of relevance are helpful for addressing these issues as a pragmatic analysis of two sorts of tasks is carried out, Wason’s 2-4-6 problem and a conditional (...)
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  • Reasoning about relations: Spatial and nonspatial problems.Manuel Carreiras & Carlos Santamaria - 1997 - Thinking and Reasoning 3 (3):191 – 208.
    Two experiments investigated the mental representation of spatial and nonspatial two-dimensional problems. The experiments were designed to contrast opposite predictions of the model theory of reasoning and the formal rules of inference theories. Half of the problems required more inferential steps but only one model, whereas the other half required fewer inferential steps but two models. According to the inference rules, theory problems that require more inferential steps should be harder, whereas the model-based theory predicts that problems that require two (...)
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  • The pros and cons of having a word for it.S. F. Walker - 1983 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6 (1):156-157.
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  • Scientific thinking and mental models.Ryan D. Tweney - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (2):366-367.
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  • On the demystification of mental imagery.Stephen M. Kosslyn, Steven Pinker, Sophie Schwartz & G. Smith - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):535-81.
    What might a theory of mental imagery look like, and how might one begin formulating such a theory? These are the central questions addressed in the present paper. The first section outlines the general research direction taken here and provides an overview of the empirical foundations of our theory of image representation and processing. Four issues are considered in succession, and the relevant results of experiments are presented and discussed. The second section begins with a discussion of the proper form (...)
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  • Are Rank Orders Mentally Represented by Spatial Arrays?Ulrich von Hecker & Karl Christoph Klauer - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The present contribution argues that transitive reasoning, as exemplified in paradigms of linear order construction in mental space, is associated with spatial effects. Starting from robust findings from the early 70s, research so far has widely discussed the symbolic distance effect. This effect shows that after studying pairs of relations, e.g., “A > B,” “B > C,” and “D > E,” participants are more correct, and faster in correct responding, the wider the “distance” between two elements within the chain A (...)
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  • On the demystification of mental imagery.Stephen M. Kosslyn, Steven Pinker, George E. Smith & Steven P. Shwartz - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (4):535-548.
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  • Reasoning About Relations.Geoffrey P. Goodwin & Philip Johnson-Laird - 2005 - Psychological Review 112 (2):468-493.
    Inferences about spatial, temporal, and other relations are ubiquitous. This article presents a novel model-based theory of such reasoning. The theory depends on 5 principles. The structure of mental models is iconic as far as possible. The logical consequences of relations emerge from models constructed from the meanings of the relations and from knowledge. Individuals tend to construct only a single, typical model. They spontaneously develop their own strategies for relational reasoning. Regardless of strategy, the difficulty of an inference depends (...)
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  • When is a conclusion worth deriving? A relevance-based analysis of indeterminate relational problems.Jean-Baptiste Van Der Henst, Dan Sperber & Guy Politzer - 2002 - Thinking and Reasoning 8 (1):1-20.
    When is a conclusion worth deriving? We claim that a conclusion is worth deriving to the extent that it is relevant in the sense of relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1995). To support this hypothesis, we experiment with ''indeterminate relational problems'' where we ask participants what, if anything, follows from premises such as A is taller than B, A is taller than C . With such problems, the indeterminate response that nothing follows is common, and we explain why. We distinguish (...)
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  • Plugging a tooth before anaesthetising the patient? The influence of people's beliefs on reasoning about the temporal order of actions.Vicky Dierckx, André Vandierendonck, Baptist Liefooghe & Evelien Christiaens - 2004 - Thinking and Reasoning 10 (4):371-404.
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  • Explaining preferred mental models in Allen inferences with a metrical model of imagery.Bettina Berendt - 1996 - In Garrison W. Cottrell (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum. pp. 489--494.
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  • The wording of conclusions in relational reasoning.Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst & Walter Schaeken - 2005 - Cognition 97 (1):1-22.
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  • Syllogistic inference.P. N. Johnson-Laird & Bruno G. Bara - 1984 - Cognition 16 (1):1-61.
    This paper reviews current psychological theories of syllogistic inference and establishes that despite their various merits they all contain deficiencies as theories of performance. It presents the results of two experiments, one using syllogisms and the other using three-term series problems, designed to elucidate how the arrangement of terms within the premises affects performance. These data are used in the construction of a theory based on the hypothesis that reasoners construct mental models of the premises, formulate informative conclusions about the (...)
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  • The three-term series problem.Philip N. Johnson-Laird - 1972 - Cognition 1 (1):57-82.
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