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On the psychophysical law

Psychological Review 64 (3):153-181 (1957)

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  1. Measurement of sensory intensity.Richard M. Warren - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (2):175-189.
    The measurement of sensory intensity has had a long history, attracting the attention of investigators from many disciplines including physiology, psychology, physics, mathematics, philosophy, and even chemistry. While there has been a continuing doubt by some that sensation has the properties necessary for measurement, experiments designed to obtain estimates of sensory intensity have found that a general rule applies: Equal stimulus ratios produce equal sensory ratios. Theories concerning the basis for this simple psychophysical rule are discussed, with emphasis given to (...)
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  • Reconciling Fechner and Stevens: Toward a unified psychophysical law.Lester E. Krueger - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):251-267.
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  • Methodological reflections on current linguistic theory.W. V. Quine - 1970 - Synthese 21 (3-4):386-398.
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  • Numbers, numerosities, and new directions.Jacob Beck & Sam Clarke - 2021 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 44:1-20.
    In our target article, we argued that the number sense represents natural and rational numbers. Here, we respond to the 26 commentaries we received, highlighting new directions for empirical and theoretical research. We discuss two background assumptions, arguments against the number sense, whether the approximate number system represents numbers or numerosities, and why the ANS represents rational numbers.
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  • Integration psychophysics.Norman H. Anderson - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):268-269.
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  • Twelve meanings of the measure constant in psychophysical power functions.Gunnar A. V. Borg & Lawrence E. Marks - 1983 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21 (1):73-75.
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  • Psychophysical law: Keep it simple.Lester E. Krueger - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):299-320.
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  • Sensory scaling: Unanswered questions.Michel Treisman - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):293-294.
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  • Psychophysics and metaphysics.David J. Weiss - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):298-299.
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  • Calibrating the mental number line.Véronique Izard & Stanislas Dehaene - 2008 - Cognition 106 (3):1221-1247.
    Human adults are thought to possess two dissociable systems to represent numbers: an approximate quantity system akin to a mental number line, and a verbal system capable of representing numbers exactly. Here, we study the interface between these two systems using an estimation task. Observers were asked to estimate the approximate numerosity of dot arrays. We show that, in the absence of calibration, estimates are largely inaccurate: responses increase monotonically with numerosity, but underestimate the actual numerosity. However, insertion of a (...)
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  • Reducing psychology while maintaining its autonomy via mechanistic explanations.William Bechtel - 2007 - In Maurice Kenneth Davy Schouten & Huibert Looren de Jong (eds.), The matter of the mind: philosophical essays on psychology, neuroscience, and reduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
    Arguments for the autonomy of psychology or other higher-level sciences have often taken the form of denying the possibility of reduction. The form of reduction most proponents and critics of the autonomy of psychology have in mind is theory reduction. Mechanistic explanations provide a different perspective. Mechanistic explanations are reductionist insofar as they appeal to lower-level entities—the component parts of a mechanism and their operations— to explain a phenomenon. However, unlike theory reductions, mechanistic explanations also recognize the fundamental role of (...)
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  • Psychophysical scaling: Judgments of attributes or objects?Gregory R. Lockhead - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):543-558.
    Psychophysical scaling models of the form R = f, with R the response and I some intensity of an attribute, all assume that people judge the amounts of an attribute. With simple biases excepted, most also assume that judgments are independent of space, time, and features of the situation other than the one being judged. Many data support these ideas: Magnitude estimations of brightness increase with luminance. Nevertheless, I argue that the general model is wrong. The stabilized retinal image literature (...)
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  • Differential Ineffability and the Senses.Stephen C. Levinson & Asifa Majid - 2014 - Mind and Language 29 (4):407-427.
    Ineffability, the degree to which percepts or concepts resist linguistic coding, is a fairly unexplored nook of cognitive science. Although philosophical preoccupations with qualia or nonconceptual content certainly touch upon the area, there has been little systematic thought and hardly any empirical work in recent years on the subject. We argue that ineffability is an important domain for the cognitive sciences. For examining differential ineffability across the senses may be able to tell us important things about how the mind works, (...)
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  • Experimental evidence for Fechner's and Stevens's laws.Donald Laming - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):277-281.
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  • From Universal Laws of Cognition to Specific Cognitive Models.Nick Chater & Gordon D. A. Brown - 2008 - Cognitive Science 32 (1):36-67.
    The remarkable successes of the physical sciences have been built on highly general quantitative laws, which serve as the basis for understanding an enormous variety of specific physical systems. How far is it possible to construct universal principles in the cognitive sciences, in terms of which specific aspects of perception, memory, or decision making might be modelled? Following Shepard (e.g., ), it is argued that some universal principles may be attainable in cognitive science. Here, 2 examples are proposed: the simplicity (...)
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  • Is a unified psychophysical law realistic?Jüri Allik - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):267-268.
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  • Psychophysics and ecometrics.William H. Warren & Robert E. Shaw - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (2):209-210.
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  • A perspective for viewing the history of psychophysics.David J. Murray - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):115-137.
    Fechner's conception of psychophysics included both “outer psychophysics” the relation between stimulus intensity and the response reflecting sensation strength, and “inner psychophysics” the relation between neurelectric responses and sensation strength. In his own time outer psychophysics focussed on the form of the psychophysical law, with Fechner espousing a logarithmic law, Delboeuf a variant of the logarithmic law incorporating a resting level of neural activity, and Plateau a power law. One of the issues on which the dispute was focussed concerned the (...)
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  • Schooling and the new psychophysics.E. C. Poulton - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (2):201-203.
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  • Perceptual Similarity: Insights From Crossmodal Correspondences.Nicola Di Stefano & Charles Spence - 2024 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 15 (3):997-1026.
    Perceptual similarity is one of the most fiercely debated topics in the philosophy and psychology of perception. The documented history of the issue spans all the way from Plato – who regarded similarity as a key factor for human perceptual experience and cognition – through to contemporary psychologists – who have tried to determine whether, and if so, how similarity relationships can be established between stimuli both within and across the senses. Recent research on cross-sensory associations, otherwise known as crossmodal (...)
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  • Scanning the “Fringe” of consciousness: What is felt and what is not felt in intuitions about semantic coherence.Sascha Topolinski & Fritz Strack - 2009 - Consciousness and Cognition 18 (3):608-618.
    In intuitions concerning semantic coherence participants are able to discriminate above chance whether a word triad has a common remote associate or not . These intuitions are driven by increased fluency in processing coherent triads compared to incoherent triads, which in turn triggers a brief and short positive affect. The present work investigates which of these internal cues, fluency or positive affect, is the actual cue underlying coherence intuitions. In Experiment 1, participants liked coherent word triads more than incoherent triads, (...)
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  • Unifying psychophysics: And what if things are not so simple?Marc Brysbaert & Géry D'Ydewalle - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):271-273.
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  • Sensory scaling: A paradigm whose time has past.Michel Treisman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (2):206-207.
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  • Methods and theories in the experimental analysis of behavior.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):511-523.
    We owe most scientific knowledge to methods of inquiry that are never formally analyzed. The analysis of behavior does not call for hypothetico-deductive methods. Statistics, taught in lieu of scientific method, is incompatible with major features of much laboratory research. Squeezing significance out of ambiguous data discourages the more promising step of scrapping the experiment and starting again. As a consequence, psychologists have taken flight from the laboratory. They have fled to Real People and the human interest of “real life,” (...)
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  • The relative salience of numerical and non-numerical dimensions shifts over development: A re-analysis of.Lauren S. Aulet & Stella F. Lourenco - 2021 - Cognition 210 (C):104610.
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  • Psychophysics: On the possibility of another approach.Tarow Indow - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):276-277.
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  • Nineteenth-century attempts to decide between psychophysical laws.David J. Murray - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):284-285.
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  • Conjuring Fechner's spirit.Eckart Scheerer - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):288-290.
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  • Is there really only one representation for stimulus intensity?Bruce Schneider - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):290-290.
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  • Unity and diversity of neurelectric and psychophysical functions: The invariance question.Gerald S. Wasserman & Lolin T. Wang-Bennett - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (2):297-298.
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  • Experimental phenomenology: What it is and what it is not.Liliana Albertazzi - 2019 - Synthese 198 (Suppl 9):2191-2212.
    Experimental phenomenology is the study of appearances in subjective awareness. Its methods and results challenge quite a few aspects of the current debate on consciousness. A robust theoretical framework for understanding consciousness is pending: current empirical research waves on what a phenomenon of consciousness properly is, not least because the question is still open on the observables to be measured and how to measure them. I shall present the basics of experimental phenomenology and discuss the current development of experimental phenomenology, (...)
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  • Naturalizing Phenomenology: A Must Have?Liliana Albertazzi - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9:397576.
    Quite a few cognitive scientists are working toward a naturalization of phenomenology. Looking more closely at the relevant literature, however, the ‘naturalizing phenomenology’ proposals show the presence of different conceptions, assumptions, and formalisms, further differentiated by different philosophical and/or scientific concerns. This paper shows that the original Husserlian stance is deeper, clearer and more advanced than most supposed contemporary improvements. The recent achievements of experimental phenomenology show how to ‘naturalize’ phenomenology without destroying the guiding assumptions of phenomenology. The requirements grounding (...)
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  • Theoretical contingencies.B. F. Skinner - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):541-546.
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  • The question: Not shall it be, but which shall it be?Charles P. Shimp - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):536-537.
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  • Scaling theory and the nature of measurement.William W. Rozeboom - 1966 - Synthese 16 (2):170 - 233.
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  • Measurement theory in linguistics.Galit Weidman Sassoon - 2010 - Synthese 174 (1):151-180.
    This paper presents a novel semantic analysis of unit names (like pound and meter) and gradable adjectives (like tall, short and happy), inspired by measurement theory (Krantz et al. In Foundations of measurement: Additive and Polynomial Representations, 1971). Based on measurement theory’s four-way typology of measures, I claim that different adjectives are associated with different types of measures whose special characteristics, together with features of the relations denoted by unit names, explain the puzzling limited distribution of measure phrases, as well (...)
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  • Estimating Large Numbers.David Landy, Noah Silbert & Aleah Goldin - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (5):775-799.
    Despite their importance in public discourse, numbers in the range of 1 million to 1 trillion are notoriously difficult to understand. We examine magnitude estimation by adult Americans when placing large numbers on a number line and when qualitatively evaluating descriptions of imaginary geopolitical scenarios. Prior theoretical conceptions predict a log-to-linear shift: People will either place numbers linearly or will place numbers according to a compressive logarithmic or power-shaped function (Barth & Paladino, ; Siegler & Opfer, ). While about half (...)
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  • Ceteris paribus laws.J. van Brakel - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):584-585.
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  • Will the real stimulus please step forward?Lester E. Krueger - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (3):570-572.
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  • Number concepts for the concept empiricist.Max Jones - 2016 - Philosophical Psychology 29 (3):334-348.
    Dove and Machery both argue that recent findings about the nature of numerical representation present problems for Concept Empiricism. I shall argue that, whilst this evidence does challenge certain versions of CE, such as Prinz, it needn’t be seen as problematic to the general CE approach. Recent research can arguably be seen to support a CE account of number concepts. Neurological and behavioral evidence suggests that systems involved in the perception of numerical properties are also implicated in numerical cognition. Furthermore, (...)
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  • Can Victoria's Secret change the future? A subjective time perception account of sexual-cue effects on impatience.B. Kyu Kim & Gal Zauberman - 2013 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142 (2):328.
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  • A parallel view of the history of psychophysics.Gregory R. Lockhead - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):154-155.
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  • The Dynamics of Scaling: A Memory-Based Anchor Model of Category Rating and Absolute Identification.Alexander A. Petrov & John R. Anderson - 2005 - Psychological Review 112 (2):383-416.
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  • Spatializing Emotion: No Evidence for a Domain‐General Magnitude System.Benjamin Pitt & Daniel Casasanto - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (7):2150-2180.
    People implicitly associate different emotions with different locations in left-right space. Which aspects of emotion do they spatialize, and why? Across many studies people spatialize emotional valence, mapping positive emotions onto their dominant side of space and negative emotions onto their non-dominant side, consistent with theories of metaphorical mental representation. Yet other results suggest a conflicting mapping of emotional intensity (a.k.a., emotional magnitude), according to which people associate more intense emotions with the right and less intense emotions with the left (...)
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  • A Science of Qualities.Liliana Albertazzi - 2015 - Biological Theory 10 (3):188-199.
    The apparent dichotomy between qualitative versus quantitative dimensions in science intersects with the domain of several disciplines, as well as different research fields within one and the same discipline. The perception of qualitative as “poor quantitative,” however, is methodologically unsustainable, because there are perfectly rigorous ways to conduct qualitative research. A somehow different question is whether a science of qualities per se is possible: that is, whether a science of appearances can be devised, what its observables are, and its methodological (...)
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  • Quantifying the subjective: Psychophysics and the geometry of color.Alistair M. C. Isaac - 2013 - Philosophical Psychology 26 (2):207 - 233.
    Early psychophysical methods as codified by Fechner motivate the development of quantitative theories of subjective experience. The basic insight is that just noticeable differences between experiences can serve as units for measuring a sensory domain. However, the methods described by Fechner tacitly assume that the experiences being investigated can be linearly ordered. This assumption is not true for all sensory domains; for example, there is no trivial linear order over all possible color sensations. This paper discusses key developments in the (...)
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  • The Faulty Magnitude Detector: Why SNARC‐Like Tasks Cannot Support a Generalized Magnitude System.Daniel Casasanto & Benjamin Pitt - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (10):e12794.
    Do people represent space, time, number, and other conceptual domains using a generalized magnitude system (GMS)? To answer this question, numerous studies have used the spatial‐numerical association of response codes (SNARC) task and its variants. Yet, for a combination of reasons, SNARC‐like effects cannot provide evidence for a GMS, even in principle. Rather, these effects support a broader theory of how people use space metaphorically to scaffold their understanding of myriad non‐spatial domains, whether or not these domains exhibit variation in (...)
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  • Vague judgment: a probabilistic account.Paul Égré - 2017 - Synthese 194 (10):3837-3865.
    This paper explores the idea that vague predicates like “tall”, “loud” or “expensive” are applied based on a process of analog magnitude representation, whereby magnitudes are represented with noise. I present a probabilistic account of vague judgment, inspired by early remarks from E. Borel on vagueness, and use it to model judgments about borderline cases. The model involves two main components: probabilistic magnitude representation on the one hand, and a notion of subjective criterion. The framework is used to represent judgments (...)
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  • Does Loudness Relate to the Strength of the Sound Produced by the Source or Received by the Ears? A Review of How Focus Affects Loudness.Gauthier Berthomieu, Vincent Koehl & Mathieu Paquier - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Loudness is the magnitude of the auditory sensation that a listener experiences when exposed to a sound. Several sound attributes are reported to affect loudness, such as the sound pressure level at the listener's ears and the spectral content. In addition to these physical attributes of the stimulus, some subjective attributes also appear to affect loudness. When presented with a sound, a listener interacts with an auditory object and can focus on several aspects of the latter. Loudness appears to differ (...)
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  • Measuring the mental.Michael Pauen & John-Dylan Haynes - 2021 - Consciousness and Cognition 90 (C):103106.
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