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  1. Few Women on Boards: What’s Identity Got to Do With It?Lívia Markoczy, Sunny Li Sun & Jigao Zhu - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (2):311-327.
    Drawing on the similarity-attraction perspective and social identity theory, we argue that male versus female interlocking directors are likely to have different experiences when they work alongside female board directors of other firms. The theorized source of such experiences for male interlocking directors is in-group favoritism and/or a social identity threat-related discomfort. Interlocking female directors are theorized to be ambivalent between desiring social support versus experiencing identity threat-based career concerns. These experiences are predicted to motivate male versus female interlocking directors (...)
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  • Women’s Leadership and Firm Performance: Family Versus Nonfamily Firms.Mehdi Nekhili, Héla Chakroun & Tawhid Chtioui - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 153 (2):291-316.
    We evaluate the relationship between the appointment of women to CEO or Chair positions and firm performance, and shed light on the differences between family and nonfamily firms. By using a propensity score matching approach on a sample of 394 French firms over the period 2001–2010, we find major discordances between women’s leadership style and family business expectations relative to firm performance, as measured by return on assets and Tobin’s q. Notably, our results support the conjecture that family firms, which (...)
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  • Knowledge Combination Capability and Innovation: The Effects of Gender Diversity on Top Management Teams in Technology-Based Firms.Jenny María Ruiz-Jiménez, María del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes & Matilde Ruiz-Arroyo - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 135 (3):503-515.
    Ethical debate exists on the effect of gender diversity of the top management teams on organizations. This study aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the effects of gender diversity of TMTs on the relationship between knowledge combination capability and organizations’ innovative performance. We use a sample of 205 small- and medium-sized enterprises belonging to the sector of Spanish technology-based firms. Our results indicate that gender diversity positively moderates the relationship between knowledge combination capability and innovation performance. Implications for (...)
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  • The Influence of Presence and Position of Women on the Boards of Directors: The Case of NHS Foundation Trusts.Javier Garcia-Lacalle & Sheila Ellwood - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 130 (1):69-84.
    This study examines the influence of women on the boards of directors of National Health Service Foundation Trusts in England. FTs provide a public service where social performance is the primary objective, although financial constraints must be met. Female presence is higher for executive directors than non-executives, reflecting the high number of women employed in the sector. We find that a high female presence among executive and non-executive directorships does not result in significant differences either in financial return or service (...)
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  • The Gender Quota and Female Leadership: Effects of the Norwegian Gender Quota on Board Chairs and CEOs. [REVIEW]Mingzhu Wang & Elisabeth Kelan - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 117 (3):449-466.
    In this article, we use a sample of Norwegian quoted companies in the period of 2001–2010 to explore whether the gender quota requiring 40 % female directors on corporate boards changes the likelihood of women being appointed to top leadership roles as board chairs or corporate CEOs. Our empirical results indicate that the gender quota and the resulting increased representation of female directors provide a fertile ground for women to take top leadership positions. The presence of female board chairs is (...)
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  • In the Club? How Categorization and Contact Impact the Board Gender Diversity-Firm Performance Relationship.Andre Havrylyshyn, Donald J. Schepker & Anthony J. Nyberg - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 184 (2):353-374.
    Meta-analytic results show that board gender diversity is modestly associated with firm performance, but there is notable heterogeneity among findings. Board gender diversity allows access to women’s perspectives, potentially helping boards, but diversity can also trigger biases that exclude women directors, such that boards do not integrate meaningful perspectives. Addressing this problem, we leverage the categorization-elaboration model, contact theory, and critical mass theory to build new theory as to how men directors can serve as allies to women directors to better (...)
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  • The Paradox of Diversity Initiatives: When Organizational Needs Differ from Employee Preferences.Leon Windscheid, Lynn Bowes-Sperry, Jens Mazei & Michèle Morner - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 145 (1):33-48.
    Women are underrepresented in the upper echelons of management in most countries. Despite the effectiveness of identity conscious initiatives for increasing the proportion of women, many organizations have been reluctant to implement such initiatives because potential employees may perceive them negatively. Given the increasing competition for labor, attracting talent is relevant for the long-term success of organizations. In this study, we used an experimental design to examine the effects of identity blind and identity conscious gender diversity initiatives on people’s pursuit (...)
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  • Board of Director Gender and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness: An Empirical Analysis.Roman Lanis, Grant Richardson & Grantley Taylor - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 144 (3):577-596.
    This study examines the impact of board of director gender diversity on corporate tax aggressiveness. Based on a sample of 418 U.S. firms covering the 2006–2009 period, our ordinary least squares regression results show a negative and statistically significant association between female representation on the board and tax aggressiveness after controlling for endogeneity. Our results are consistent across several measures of tax aggressiveness and additional robustness checks.
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  • Does Board Gender Diversity Influence Financial Performance? Evidence from Spain.Nuria Reguera-Alvarado, Pilar de Fuentes & Joaquina Laffarga - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 141 (2):337-350.
    In recent years, several countries have enacted guidelines and/or mandatory laws to increase the presence of women on the boards of companies. Through these regulatory interventions, the aim is to eradicate the social and labor grievances that women have traditionally experienced and which has relegated them to smaller-scale jobs. Nevertheless, and despite the advances achieved, the female representation in the boardroom remains far from the desired levels. In this context, it is now necessary to enhance the advantages of board gender (...)
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  • Revolution From Above? Female Directors’ Equality-Related Actions in Organizations.Anja Kirsch - 2022 - Business and Society 61 (3):572-605.
    Drawing on interviews with women and men who serve on the supervisory boards of German stock-listed companies, this qualitative study examines why some female directors seek to augment gender equality in their organizations while others do not. Those who take action do so both in formal board processes and in informal settings. A sense of belonging to women as a social group and a sense of responsibility for women in the organization are key factors in explaining why some female directors (...)
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  • Perpetuating Inequality: Junior Women Do Not See Queen Bee Behavior as Negative but Are Nonetheless Negatively Affected by It.Naomi Sterk, Loes Meeussen & Colette Van Laar - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Board Age and Gender Diversity: A Test of Competing Linear and Curvilinear Predictions. [REVIEW]Muhammad Ali, Yin Lu Ng & Carol T. Kulik - 2014 - Journal of Business Ethics 125 (3):1-16.
    The inconsistent findings of past board diversity research demand a test of competing linear and curvilinear diversity–performance predictions. This research focuses on board age and gender diversity, and presents a positive linear prediction based on resource dependence theory, a negative linear prediction based on social identity theory, and an inverted U-shaped curvilinear prediction based on the integration of resource dependence theory with social identity theory. The predictions were tested using archival data on 288 large organizations listed on the Australian Securities (...)
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  • Women in the Boardroom: How Do Female Directors of Corporate Boards Perceive Boardroom Dynamics? [REVIEW]Gro Ellen Mathisen, Torvald Ogaard & Einar Marnburg - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 116 (1):87-97.
    This study investigated how female directors of corporate boards of directors (BoD) experience boardroom dynamics. The study represents an initial research trend that moves from a unilateral focus on financial outcomes of female representation in BoDs toward stronger attention on the social dynamics in the boardroom. Drawing on social identity theory, the study proposed that female directors often constitute an out-group within the BoD, preventing them from experiencing positive board dynamics. More specifically, the study explored the extent to which female (...)
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  • Ethics of Care and Employees: The Impact of Female Board Representation and Top Management Leadership on Human Capital Development Policies.Conor Callahan, Arjun Mitra & Steve Sauerwald - 2024 - Journal of Business Ethics 195 (3):615-629.
    While scholarly research on the relationship between female board representation and strategic decision-making has gained momentum, employee policy outcomes have remained relatively understudied. Integrating theory from the ethics of care perspective with research on the glass ceiling and workplace voice, we seek to understand the circumstances under which female directors influence policy changes for firm employees. We argue that firms with increasing female board representation are more likely to enact human capital development policies benefiting firm employees. However, this positive relationship (...)
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  • Corporate Governance and Supplemental Environmental Projects: A Restorative Justice Approach.Muhammad Nadeem - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 173 (2):261-280.
    Firms have traditionally responded to environmental violations by increasing information disclosure and/or communication to manage stakeholder perceptions. As such, these approaches may be symbolic in nature, with no genuine intention to improve the environment. We draw from restorative justice grounded in stakeholder theory and explore a relatively new approach in the form of supplemental environmental projects aimed at restoring the environment, and empirically examine the role of corporate governance in firms’ decisions to undertake reparative actions. Using environmental violations and SEPs (...)
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  • The Influence of Corporate Elites on Women on Supervisory Boards: Female Directors’ Inclusion in Germany.Jie Huang, Marjo-Riitta Diehl & Sandra Paterlini - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (2):347-364.
    Although we can observe noticeable progress in gender diversity on corporate boards, these boards remain far from gender balanced. Our paper builds on social identity theory to examine the impact of corporate elites—men and women who sit on multiple corporate boards—on board diversity. We extend the main argument of social identity theory concerning favouritism based on homophily by suggesting that boards with men with multiple appointments are unwilling to include female board members to protect the monopoly value generated by their (...)
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  • Board Gender Quotas: Exploring Ethical Tensions From A Multi-Theoretical Perspective.Siri Terjesen & Ruth Sealy - 2016 - Business Ethics Quarterly 26 (1):23-65.
    ABSTRACT:Despite 40 years of equal opportunities policies and more than two decades of government and organization initiatives aimed at helping women reach the upper echelons of the corporate world, women are seriously underrepresented on corporate boards. Recently, fifteen countries sought to redress this imbalance by introducing gender quotas for board representation. The introduction of board gender quota legislation creates ethical tensions and dilemmas which we categorize in terms of motivations, legitimacy, and outcomes. We investigate these tensions through four overarching theoretical (...)
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  • Does Confucianism Reduce Board Gender Diversity? Firm-Level Evidence from China.Xingqiang Du - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (2):399-436.
    This study extends previous literature on the association between Confucianism and corporate decisions by examining Confucianism’s influence on board gender diversity. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during the period of 2001–2011 and geographic-proximity-based Confucianism variables, I provide strong and consistent evidence to show that Confucianism is significantly negatively associated with board gender diversity, suggesting that the proportion of women directors in the boardroom is significantly lower for firms surrounded by strong Confucianism atmosphere than for firms located in regions (...)
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  • Legislating a Woman’s Seat on the Board: Institutional Factors Driving Gender Quotas for Boards of Directors.Siri Terjesen, Ruth V. Aguilera & Ruth Lorenz - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 128 (2):233-251.
    Ten countries have established quotas for female representation on publicly traded corporate and/or state-owned enterprise boards of directors, ranging from 33 to 50 %, with various sanctions. Fifteen other countries have introduced non-binding gender quotas in their corporate governance codes enforcing a “comply or explain” principle. Countless other countries’ leaders and policy groups are in the process of debating, developing, and approving legislation around gender quotas in boards. Taken together, gender quota legislation significantly impacts the composition of boards of directors (...)
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  • Are Demographic Attributes and Firm Characteristics Drivers of Gender Diversity? Investigating Women’s Positions on French Boards of Directors.Mehdi Nekhili & Hayette Gatfaoui - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 118 (2):227-249.
    In this article, we examine the factors determining the representation of women on boards of directors by considering three main questions. The first question deals with the relationship between characteristics of ownership and governance on one side, and female directorship on the other. The second major question concerns the demographic attributes of women directors, such as nationality, foreign experience, educational level, business expertise, and connections to external sources. The third important question refers to women in senior positions on French boards (...)
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  • Family firm status and environmental disclosure: The moderating effect of board gender diversity.Barbara Maggi, Rafaela Gjergji, Luigi Vena, Salvatore Sciascia & Alessandro Cortesi - 2023 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (4):1334-1351.
    Building on agency and resource-based view theories, this study investigates the level of environmental disclosure (ED) practices of family versus non-family firms and explores the moderating role of board gender diversity. We test our hypotheses on a 3-year (2018–2020) panel data sample comprising 324 observations of Italian small- and medium-sized enterprises traded on the Euronext Growth Milan. Findings show that, compared to non-family firms, companies with a family firm status are characterized by lower levels of ED. Gender diversity on the (...)
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  • Mandating Diversity on the Board of Directors: Do Investors Feel That Gender Quotas Result in Tokenism or Added Value for Firms?Jessica M. Rixom, Mark Jackson & Brett A. Rixom - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (3):679-697.
    Under resource dependence theory, firms should benefit from diverse boards of directors. Ethical arguments also highlight that boards should be as diverse as the stakeholders and communities that they serve. In an attempt to increase diversity and women’s presence on boards of directors, legislative efforts have enacted gender quotas. We examine how such efforts are perceived by U.S. market participants. We expect that when a firm operating under a quota law meets only the minimum requirement, investors will view the female (...)
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  • Board Gender Diversity and Women in Senior Management.Pallab Kumar Biswas, Larelle Chapple, Helen Roberts & Kevin Stainback - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (1):177-198.
    This study examines the influence of women’s board representation on the proportion of women senior managers in the United Kingdom (UK) from 1999 to 2019. We take a multi-theoretic approach, drawing on the trickle-down effect, critical mass theory, and agency theory, to explore several aspects of this topic. We find that more women on boards is associated with more women in senior management as suggested by the trickle-down perspective. We also find support for a critical mass effect; while one or (...)
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  • The Role of Female Directors in the Boardroom: Examining Their Impact on Competitive Dynamics.Kathleen Rehbein, Margaret Hughes-Morgan & Kalin D. Kolev - 2021 - Business and Society 60 (4):811-843.
    This study contributes simultaneously to research on women board members and competitive dynamics by investigating two unresolved research questions: What is the effect of female directors on the firm’s competitive repertoire? Under what conditions is this effect more pronounced? Leveraging the “Awareness-Motivation-Capability” (AMC) framework, we predict that having women on the board of directors should impact the complexity, heterogeneity, and volume of the firm’s competitive moves. Relying upon a sample of U.S. pharmaceutical firms for the years 2000 to 2017, we (...)
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  • Not Just a Gender Numbers Game: How Board Gender Diversity Affects Corporate Risk Disclosure.Andreas Seebeck & Julia Vetter - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 177 (2):395-420.
    This paper examines how board gender diversity affects corporate risk disclosure. We exploit an exogenous shock on firms’ risk environment created by the United Kingdom’s vote to leave the European Union and analyze related risk disclosure in annual reports of public firms in the UK. Using this unique setting, we mitigate concerns about omitted variables in concurrent studies. The findings suggest that board gender diversity is positively related to corporate risk disclosure. However, our results also indicate that the proportion of (...)
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  • Gender Diversity on Boards of Directors and Remuneration Committees: The Influence on Listed Companies in Spain.Antonio L. García-Izquierdo, Carlos Fernández-Méndez & Rubén Arrondo-García - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • When do Board and Management Resources Complement Each Other? A Study of Effects on Corporate Social Responsibility.Jeremy Galbreath - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (2):281-292.
    Following resource-based and complementary asset perspectives, this paper examines the effects of board and management resources on corporate social responsibility in a sample of large Australian public firms. Specifically, this study posits that outside directors and women on boards are complementary in that their multiplicative effect incrementally influences CSR above their individual, independent effects. The hypothesis is confirmed. Further, the study tests the interactive effect of a senior CSR manager, determining the independent and complementary effects of managerial resources upon board (...)
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  • Women on the Board and Managers’ Pay: Evidence from Spain.Gregorio Sánchez-Marín, Juan Francisco Martín-Ugedo, Juan Samuel Baixauli-Soler, Antonio Mínguez-Vera & Maria Encarnación Lucas-Pérez - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 129 (2):265-280.
    The current literature shows great interest in the issue of gender diversity on boards of directors. Some studies have hypothesized a direct relationship between diversity and the value of the firm, but not many examine the intermediate mechanisms that may exert an influence on such relationships. We employ two stages of GMM estimation methodology to exhibit evidences of the relationship between gender diversity and compensation of top managers in the Spanish context. Results show that gender diversity positively affects the effectiveness (...)
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  • Gender Diversity in the Boardroom and Firm Performance: What Exactly Constitutes a “Critical Mass?”.Jasmin Joecks, Kerstin Pull & Karin Vetter - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 118 (1):61-72.
    The under-representation of women on boards is a heavily discussed topic—not only in Germany. Based on critical mass theory and with the help of a hand-collected panel dataset of 151 listed German firms for the years 2000–2005, we explore whether the link between gender diversity and firm performance follows a U-shape. Controlling for reversed causality, we find evidence for gender diversity to at first negatively affect firm performance and—only after a “critical mass” of about 30 % women has been reached—to (...)
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  • Social Trust and Female Board Representation: Evidence from China.Baoyin Qiu, Haohan Ren, Jingjing Zuo & Bo Cheng - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics 188 (1):187-204.
    The underrepresentation of females on corporate boards is an important ethical issue that raises serious concerns about gender equality in senior management teams. Relying on a large sample of public firms from the Chinese market, we examine how social trust affects female board representation. We find that female board representation has a positive and significant relation with social trust. The effect is more pronounced in regions with a higher male-to-female sex ratio at birth, lower levels of education, lower GDP per (...)
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  • Fix the Game, Not the Dame: Restoring Equity in Leadership Evaluations.Jamie L. Gloor, Manuela Morf, Samantha Paustian-Underdahl & Uschi Backes-Gellner - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 161 (3):497-511.
    Female leaders continue to face bias in the workplace compared to male leaders. When employees are evaluated differently because of who they are rather than how they perform, an ethical dilemma arises for leaders and organizations. Thus, bridging role congruity and social identity leadership theories, we propose that gender biases in leadership evaluations can be overcome by manipulating diversity at the team level. Across two multiple-source, multiple-wave, and randomized field experiments, we test whether team gender composition restores gender equity in (...)
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  • Ethical Reputation of Financial Institutions: Do Board Characteristics Matter?Laura Baselga-Pascual, Antonio Trujillo-Ponce, Emilia Vähämaa & Sami Vähämaa - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 148 (3):489-510.
    This paper examines the association between board characteristics and the ethical reputation of financial institutions. Given the pivotal governance role of the board of directors and the value-relevance of ethical corporate behavior, we postulate a positive relationship between ethical reputation and board features that foster more effective monitoring and oversight. Using a sample of large financial institutions from 13 different countries, we run several alternative panel regressions of ethical reputation on board characteristics and firm-specific controls. Our results demonstrate that the (...)
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  • Strategic and Regulatory Approaches to Increasing Women in Leadership: Multilevel Targets and Mandatory Quotas as Levers for Cultural Change.Alice Klettner, Thomas Clarke & Martijn Boersma - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 133 (3):395-419.
    While substantial evidence is emerging internationally of positive increases in the participation of women on company boards, there is less evidence of any significant change in the proportion of women in senior executive ranks. This paper describes evidence of positive changes in the number of women on boards in Australia. Unfortunately these changes are not mirrored in the senior executive ranks where the proportion of women remains consistently low. We explore some of the reasons for these disproportionate changes and examine (...)
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  • Does Board Gender Diversity Have a Financial Impact? Evidence Using Stock Portfolio Performance.Larelle Chapple & Jacquelyn E. Humphrey - 2014 - Journal of Business Ethics 122 (4):709-723.
    There is growing regulatory pressure on firms worldwide to address the under-representation of women in senior positions. Regulators have taken a variety of approaches to the issue. We investigate a jurisdiction that has issued recommendations and disclosure requirements, rather than implementing quotas. Much of the rhetoric surrounding gender diversity centres on whether diversity has a financial impact. In this paper we take an aggregate (market-level) approach and compare the performance of portfolios of firms with gender diverse boards to those without. (...)
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  • Critical Mass of Women on BODs, Multiple Identities, and Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response: Evidence from Privately Owned Chinese Firms.Ming Jia & Zhe Zhang - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 118 (2):303-317.
    Although previous studies focus on the role of women in the boardroom and corporate response to natural disasters, none evaluate how women directors influence corporate philanthropic disaster response (CPDR). This study collects data on the philanthropic responses of privately owned Chinese firms to the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, and the Yushu earthquake of April 14, 2010. We find that when at least three women serve on a board of directors (BOD), their companies’ responses to natural disasters are more (...)
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  • Board Gender Diversity and Corporate Response to Cyber Risk: Evidence from Cybersecurity Related Disclosure.Camélia Radu & Nadia Smaili - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 177 (2):351-374.
    Cyber risk has become one of the greatest threats to firms in recent years. Accordingly, boards of directors must be continually vigilant about this danger. They have a duty to ensure that the companies adopt appropriate cybersecurity measures to manage the risk of cyber fraud. Boards should also ensure that the firm disclose material cyber risk and breaches. We examine how the board’s gender composition can influence the extent of such disclosure, based on a sample of the companies listed on (...)
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  • Gender Diversity in the Governance of Sport Associations: The Sydney Scoreboard Global Index of Participation.Johanna Adriaanse - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 137 (1):149-160.
    This paper examines gender diversity in sport governance globally. Theoretically, the study draws on gender dynamics in organisations, in particular on Kanter’s concepts of gender ratios and critical mass. An audit of the gender ratio on boards of National Sport Organisations was conducted in 45 countries. Data were collected through the Sydney Scoreboard, an interactive website that tracks women’s presence on sport boards internationally. Findings show that women remain under-represented on three key indicators: as board directors, board chairs and chief (...)
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  • From Board Composition to Corporate Environmental Performance Through Sustainability-Themed Alliances.Corinne Post, Noushi Rahman & Cathleen McQuillen - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 130 (2):423-435.
    A growing body of work suggests that the presence of women and of independent directors on boards of directors is associated with higher corporate environmental performance. However, the mechanisms linking board composition to corporate environmental performance are not well understood. This study proposes and empirically tests the mediating role of sustainability-themed alliances in the relationship between board composition and corporate environmental performance. Using the population of public oil and gas firms in the United States as the sample, the study relies (...)
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  • Social Diversity on Corporate Boards in a Country Torn by Civil War.Kamil K. Nazliben, Luc Renneboog & Emil Uduwalage - 2024 - Journal of Business Ethics 194 (3):679-706.
    We examine how social diversity and inclusiveness on corporate boards affect corporate performance and monitoring in Sri Lanka, a country subject to decades of polarization, civil war, and even genocide. Barely more than a decade after the civil war, we find that board social diversity on the basis of ethnicity, religion, language, gender, and nationality of the board members is positively related to corporate performance, both in terms of stock market performance and accounting returns, and to corporate financial stability. The (...)
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  • What if my boss is a narcissist? The effects of chief executive officer narcissism on female proportion in top management teams.Jennifer Martínez-Ferrero, Emma García-Meca & M. Camino Ramón-Llorens - 2023 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (4):1201-1216.
    For the period 2015–2019 and based on a Spanish sample of 145 listed companies, this paper provides insights into how narcissistic chief executive officers (CEOs) influence the proportion of women in top management teams (TMTs). As a further analysis and in line with social psychology and upper echelons theories, we study whether the power and gender of a CEO and the female proportion in the firm's board moderate the relationship. Our results reveal that narcissistic CEOs are less likely to support (...)
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  • The Complexity of Interaction between Executive Board Gender Diversity and Financial Performance: A Panel Analysis Approach Based on Random Effects.Victoria Bogdan, Dorina-Nicoleta Popa & M. Beleneşi - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-20.
    This study examined the influence of the executive board of directors’ gender diversity on the financial performance of listed companies on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, for the period 2011 to 2019. The analysis of the composition and different characteristics of the board and the executive directors proved to be effective tools for corporate governance in countries with an emerging capital market. Therefore, a disclosure index on directors’ characteristics was used to moderate the interaction between gender diversity and financial performance, based (...)
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  • Women Directors and Corporate Social Performance: An Integrative Review of the Literature and a Future Research Agenda. [REVIEW]Giovanna Campopiano, Patricia Gabaldón & Daniela Gimenez-Jimenez - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (3):717-746.
    This paper presents a literature review offering a thorough and critical systematization of articles investigating the influence of women directors on corporate social performance (CSP). We review the state-of-the-art literature in terms of its key assumptions, theories, and conceptualization of CSP. Our analysis shows a misfit between the theorization and operationalization of gender diversity, especially in quantitative empirical studies, which represent the majority of articles. In our overview of both conceptual and empirical studies, we identified three main theoretical dimensions, which (...)
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  • Women and Multiple Board Memberships: Social Capital and Institutional Pressure.Alessandra Rigolini & Morten Huse - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 169 (3):443-459.
    We show unintended consequences of quota regulations to get women on boards. Board members may have different characteristics, and even among women, there are variations. We assume that the characteristics of the board members have an influence on their contributions to boards, to businesses as well as to society. In this paper, we argue that different types of societal pressure to get women on boards have an influence on the social capital characteristics of the women getting multiple board memberships. The (...)
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  • Increasing the Number of Women on Boards: The Role of Actors and Processes.Cathrine Seierstad, Gillian Warner-Søderholm, Mariateresa Torchia & Morten Huse - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 141 (2):289-315.
    Understanding the spread of national public policies to increase the percentage of women on boards is often presented using different types of institutional theory logic. However, the importance of the political games influencing these decisions has not received the same attention. In this article, we look beyond the institutional setting by focusing on the role of actors. We explore processes that include who the critical actors that drive and determine these policies are, and what motivates them to push for change. (...)
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  • Board Gender Diversity and Corporate Response to Sustainability Initiatives: Evidence from the Carbon Disclosure Project.Walid Ben-Amar, Millicent Chang & Philip McIlkenny - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 142 (2):369-383.
    This paper investigates the effect of female representation on the board of directors on corporate response to stakeholders’ demands for increased public reporting about climate change-related risks. We rely on the Carbon Disclosure Project as a sustainability initiative supported by institutional investors. Greenhouse gas emissions measurement and its disclosure to investors can be thought of as a first step toward addressing climate change issues and reducing the firm’s carbon footprint. Based on a sample of publicly listed Canadian firms over the (...)
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  • The Effects of Women on Corporate Boards on Firm Value, Financial Performance, and Ethical and Social Compliance.Helena Isidro & Márcia Sobral - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 132 (1):1-19.
    The European Commission has recently proposed the introduction of legally binding quotas for women on corporate boards of European companies. This proposal has put the spotlight on the question of whether increasing female representation on the board brings economic benefits to the firm. In order to shed light on the issue, this study investigates the direct and indirect effects of women on the board on firm value. We use a simultaneous equation model to estimate the effects of women on the (...)
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  • The Media Impact of Board Member Appointments in Spanish-Listed Companies: A Gender Perspective.Celia de Anca & Patricia Gabaldon - 2014 - Journal of Business Ethics 122 (3):425-438.
    Recent corporate governance literature on gender diversity within boards has linked the effect of an increase in gender diversity to the firm’s corporate reputation. This paper analyzes the media impact of appointing new directors of Spanish companies at a particularly significant moment, during the period from 2007 to 2010, just a year before and 3 years after the Gender Equality Act was passed. By analyzing female and male board nominations in Spanish IBEX-35 companies, the paper examines whether appointing a female (...)
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  • Community Influential Directors and Corporate Social Performance.Dusya Vera, Seemantini Pathak, Ashley Salaiz & Klavdia Evans - 2022 - Business and Society 61 (1):225-263.
    We draw upon the attention-based view of the firm to identify the conditions under which community influentials (CIs) on a board impact a firm’s corporate social performance (CSP). We test our hypotheses with a panel data set of Fortune 500 firms from 2004 to 2008, including 3,955 unique firm–director combinations (aggregated to the board level). Although CIs are often considered less powerful directors, we identify that when the firm is experiencing poor CSP, CIs have a positive effect on CSP. The (...)
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