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  1. Knowledge of Life.Georges Canguilhem - 2022 - Fordham University Press.
    As the work of thinkers such as Michel Foucault, François Jacob, Louis Althusser, and Pierre Bourdieu demonstrates, Georges Canguilhem has exerted tremendous influence on the philosophy of science and French philosophy more generally. In Knowledge of Life, a book that spans twenty years of his essays and lectures, Canguilhem offers a series of epistemological histories that seek to establish and clarify the stakes, ambiguities, and emergence of philosophical and biological concepts that defined the rise of modern biology. How do transformations (...)
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  • Is the Cell Really a Machine?Daniel J. Nicholson - 2019 - Journal of Theoretical Biology 477:108–126.
    It has become customary to conceptualize the living cell as an intricate piece of machinery, different to a man-made machine only in terms of its superior complexity. This familiar understanding grounds the conviction that a cell's organization can be explained reductionistically, as well as the idea that its molecular pathways can be construed as deterministic circuits. The machine conception of the cell owes a great deal of its success to the methods traditionally used in molecular biology. However, the recent introduction (...)
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  • Pain.Murat Aydede - 2019 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Pain is the most prominent member of a class of sensations known as bodily sensations, which includes itches, tickles, tingles, orgasms, and so on. Bodily sensations are typically attributed to bodily locations and appear to have features such as volume, intensity, duration, and so on, that are ordinarily attributed to physical objects or quantities. Yet these sensations are often thought to be logically private, subjective, self-intimating, and the source of incorrigible knowledge for those who have them. Hence there appear to (...)
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  • Plant Minds: A Philosophical Defense.Chauncey Maher - 2017 - Routledge.
    The idea that plants have minds can sound improbable, but some widely respected contemporary scientists and philosophers find it plausible. It turns out to be rather tricky to vindicate the presumption that plants do not have minds, for doing so requires getting clear about what plants can do and what exactly a mind is. By connecting the most compelling empirical work on plant behavior with philosophical reflection on the concept of minds, _Plant Minds _aims to help non-experts begin to think (...)
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  • Knowing and the Known.Max Black, John Dewey & Arthur J. Bentley - 1950 - Philosophical Review 59 (2):269.
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  • Emotion.Ronald de Sousa - 2007 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  • Grounding cognition: heterarchical control mechanisms in biology.William Bechtel & Leonardo Bich - 2021 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376 (1820).
    We advance an account that grounds cognition, specifically decision-making, in an activity all organisms as autonomous systems must perform to keep themselves viable—controlling their production mechanisms. Production mechanisms, as we characterize them, perform activities such as procuring resources from their environment, putting these resources to use to construct and repair the organism's body and moving through the environment. Given the variable nature of the environment and the continual degradation of the organism, these production mechanisms must be regulated by control mechanisms (...)
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  • Descartes: An Intellectual Biography.Stephen Gaukroger - 1995 - Oxford, GB: Clarendon Press.
    Stephen Gaukroger traces the development of Descartes's thought in the social, religious, and intellectual context of seventeenth‐century Europe. Gaukroger describes Descartes's upbringing and his education at the Jesuit La Flèche collège, and shows the role these played in the development of his ground‐breaking work in philosophy and science. The book details the effects of his relationships with others on his work, both through collaboration and through conflict. It discusses the history of the composition of his major works and details their (...)
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  • Discours de la méthode.René Descartes - 1949 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 3 (4):603-604.
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  • (1 other version)Meta-cognition in animals: A skeptical look.Peter Carruthers - 2008 - Mind and Language 23 (1):58–89.
    This paper examines the recent literature on meta-cognitive processes in non-human animals, arguing that in each case the data admit of a simpler, purely first-order, explanation. The topics discussed include the alleged monitoring of states of certainty and uncertainty, knowledge-seeking behavior in conditions of uncertainty, and the capacity to know whether or not the information needed to solve some problem is stored in memory. The first-order explanations advanced all assume that beliefs and desires come in various different strengths, or degrees.
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  • Instrumental Rationality.John Brunero & Niko Kolodny - 2013 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  • Knowing and the Known.John Dewey & Arthur F. Bentley - 1952 - Philosophy 27 (102):263-265.
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  • (1 other version)Meta-cognition in animals: A skeptical look.Peter Carruthers - 2007 - Mind and Language 22 (1):58–89.
    This paper examines the recent literature on meta-cognitive processes in non-human animals, arguing that in each case the data admit of a simpler, purely first-order, explanation. The topics discussed include the alleged monitoring of states of certainty and uncertainty, the capacity to know whether or not one has perceived something, and the capacity to know whether or not the information needed to solve some problem is stored in memory. The first-order explanations advanced all assume that beliefs and desires come in (...)
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  • (1 other version)Animal cognition.Kristin Andrews & Susana Monsó - 2020 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Philosophical attention to animals can be found in a wide range of texts throughout the history of philosophy, including discussions of animal classification in Aristotle and Ibn Bâjja, of animal rationality in Porphyry, Chrysippus, Aquinas and Kant, of mental continuity and the nature of the mental in Dharmakīrti, Telesio, Conway, Descartes, Cavendish, and Voltaire, of animal self-consciousness in Ibn Sina, of understanding what others think and feel in Zhuangzi, of animal emotion in Śāntarakṣita and Bentham, and of human cultural uniqueness (...)
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  • How to Study Animal Minds.Kristin Andrews - 2020 - Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Comparative psychology, the multidisciplinary study of animal behavior and psychology, confronts the challenge of how to study animals we find cute and easy to anthropomorphize, and animals we find odd and easy to objectify, without letting these biases negatively impact the science. In this Element, Kristin Andrews identifies and critically examines the principles of comparative psychology and shows how they can introduce other biases by objectifying animal subjects and encouraging scientists to remain detached. Andrews outlines the scientific benefits of treating (...)
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  • (1 other version)La Nouvelle Alliance.I. Prigogine - 1977 - Scientia 71 (112):287.
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  • (1 other version)Animal cognition.Kristin Andrews - 2010 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Entry for the Stanford Encylcopedia of Philosophy.
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  • Du mode d'existence des objets techniques.Gilbert Simondon - 1989 - Editions Aubier.
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  • (12 other versions)An essay concerning human understanding.John Locke (ed.) - 1741 - Oxford,: Clarendon Press.
    An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a work by John Locke concerning the foundation of human knowledge and understanding. It first appeared in 1689 (although dated 1690) with the printed title An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. He describes the mind at birth as a blank slate (tabula rasa, although he did not use those actual words) filled later through experience. The essay was one of the principal sources of empiricism in modern philosophy, and influenced many enlightenment philosophers, such as David (...)
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  • (1 other version)Animal consciousness.Colin Allen & Michael Trestman - 2005 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  • (1 other version)La Nouvelle Alliance.I. Prigogine - 1977 - Scientia 71 (12):617.
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  • (3 other versions)Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie.André Lalande - 1927 - Annalen der Philosophie Und Philosophischen Kritik 6:101-102.
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  • Le principe de vie chez Descartes.Annie Bitbol-Hespériès - 1990 - Paris: Vrin.
    L'etude historique du principe de vie dans l'oeuvre de Descartes et dans celle de ses predecesseurs souligne notamment l'enjeu de la scission cartesienne entre l'ame et les phenomenes biologiques. Elle permet de comprendre, dans sa nouveaute radicale, la notion de principe de vie chez Descartes, qui associe la decouverte recente de la circulation du sang par W. Harvey, a une explication mecanique de la chaleur du coeur. Du traite de L'Homme aux Passions de l'ame, Descartes identifie en effet la notion (...)
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  • For a Phytocentrism to Come.Michael Marder - 2014 - Environmental Philosophy 11 (2):237-252.
    The present essay formulates a phytocentric alternative to the biocentric and zoocentric critiques of anthropocentrism. Treating phuton—the Greek for “plant,” also meaning “growing being”—as a concrete entry point into the world of phusis , I situate the intersecting trajectories and communities of growth at the center of environmental theory and praxis. I explore the potential of phytocentrism for the “greening” of human consciousness brought back to its vegetal roots, as well as for tackling issues related, among others, to the use (...)
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  • (3 other versions)Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie.André Lalande - 1927 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 34 (2):1-2.
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  • (3 other versions)Vocabulaire technique et critique de la Philosophie.André Lalande - 1949 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 5 (1):116-116.
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  • The mechanical life of plants: Descartes on botany.Fabrizio Baldassarri - 2019 - British Journal for the History of Science 52 (1):41-63.
    In this article, I argue that the French philosopher René Descartes was far more involved in the study of plants than has been generally recognized. We know that he did not include a botanical section in his natural philosophy, and sometimes he differentiated between plants and living bodies. His position was, moreover, characterized by a methodological rejection of the catalogues of plants. However, this paper reveals a significant trend in Descartes's naturalistic pursuits, starting from the end of 1637, whereby he (...)
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  • History and epistemology of plant behaviour: a pluralistic view?Quentin Hiernaux - 2019 - Synthese 198 (4):3625-3650.
    Some biologists now argue in favour of a pluralistic approach to plant activities, understandable both from the classical perspective of physiological mechanisms and that of the biology of behaviour involving choices and decisions in relation to the environment. However, some do not hesitate to go further, such as plant “neurobiologists” or philosophers who today defend an intelligence, a mind or even a plant consciousness in a renewed perspective of these terms. To what extent can we then adhere to pluralism in (...)
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  • Differentiating Behaviour, Cognition, and Consciousness in Plants.Q. Hiernaux - 2021 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 28 (1-2):106-135.
    An enquiry into plant consciousness requires, on the one hand, taking into account recent experiments in plant biology and, on the other hand, refining the theoretical framework of behaviour and the various degrees of cognition. The main goal of this contribution is to advance such a framework by comparing classical animal and human cognition approaches with the theories of minimal cognition. This leads us to interpret more carefully the various plant activities and to highlight the limits of classical theories of (...)
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  • The Ethics of Plant Flourishing and Agricultural Ethics: Theoretical Distinctions and Concrete Recommendations in Light of the Environmental Crisis.Quentin Hiernaux - 2021 - Philosophies 6 (4):91.
    Many activities towards plants are directly related to environmental crisis issues. However, our actions towards plants are little theorized in philosophy and ethics. After a brief presentation of the history, state of the art, and current issues of plant ethics, I critically illustrate how the theoretical threads of current ethics should be clarified, and, more importantly, contextualised, to promote the application of concrete measures. Particular attention is paid to the ethics of plant flourishing as applied to different fields and types (...)
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  • Les principes de la philosophie: Première partie.René Descartes & Guy Durandin - 1950 - Vrin.
    Dans les Principia philosophiae, publies pour la premiere fois en latin en 1644, Descartes expose sous une forme synthetique ce que les analyses des Meditations et du Discours avaient mis a jour, a savoir l'articulation entre les principes generaux de la connaissance humaine, les principes des sciences et ses decouvertes sur la structure du monde physique. C'est dans la Lettre-preface a son traducteur francais, l'abbe Picot, qu'apparait aussi la celebre conception de la philosophie comme une arborescence, a partir des racines (...)
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  • Plants as Persons: A Philosophical Botany.Matthew Hall - 2011 - Albany, NY, USA: SUNY Press.
    Challenges readers to reconsider the moral standing of plants.
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  • Penser comme une plante : perspectives sur l'écologie comportementale et la nature cognitive des plantes.Aliénor Bertrand - 2018 - Cahiers Philosophiques 153 (2):39-41.
    It is more and more often acknowledged that plants are sensitive organisms which perceive, value, learn, remember, solve problems, make decisions and communicate to each other in actively acquiring information on their environment. However, the fact that many complex patterns of plant behaviour exhibit cognitive skills, usually ascribed to human and non human animals, has not been fully assessed. This article intends to show the theoretical obstacles which may have prevented experimenting on such behavioural/cognitive phenomena in plants.
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  • La vie des plantes: une métaphysique du mélange.Emanuele Coccia - 2016 - Paris: Éditions Payot & Rivages.
    Nous en parlons à peine et leur nom nous échappe. La philosophie les a toujours négligées ; même la biologie les considère comme une simple décoration de l'arbre de la vie. Et pourtant, les plantes donnent vie à la Terre : elles fabriquent l'atmosphère qui nous enveloppe, elles sont à l'origine du souffle qui nous anime. Les végétaux incarnent le lien le plus étroit et élémentaire que la vie puisse établir avec le monde. Sous le soleil et les nuages, en (...)
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  • Chaosmose.Félix Guattari - 2014 - Galilée.
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  • Plant Ethics: Concepts and Applications.Angela Kallhoff, Marcello Di Paola & Maria Schörgenhumer (eds.) - 2018 - Routledge.
    Large parts of our world are filled with plants, and human life depends on, interacts with, affects and is affected by plant life in various ways. Yet plants have not received nearly as much attention from philosophers and ethicists as they deserve. In environmental philosophy, plants are often swiftly subsumed under the categories of "all living things" and rarely considered thematically. There is a need for developing a more sophisticated theoretical understanding of plants and their practical role in human experience. (...)
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  • Liberté et inquiétude de la vie animale.Florence Burgat - 2005 - Paris: Kimé.
    La question de l'animal occupe une place singulière dans la philosophie occidentale moderne. L'animal y est certes présent, mais à un titre bien particulier. Il désigne l'être privé de tous les attributs qui sont censés caractériser l'humain : l'âme, la raison, la conscience, le langage, le monde... Cette approche privative a notamment conduit à une lecture mécaniste de la vie animale. S'opposant à cette conception, les approches phénoménologiques ont ruiné les fondements philosophiques du mécanisme, mais aussi du vitalisme. C'est en (...)
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  • (47 other versions)Éditorial.Nathalie Chouchan - 2011 - Cahiers Philosophiques 125 (2):3-6.
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  • (47 other versions)Éditorial.Nathalie Chouchan - 2007 - Cahiers Philosophiques 111 (3):5-8.
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  • (47 other versions)Éditorial.Nathalie Chouchan - 2009 - Cahiers Philosophiques 124 (1):5-8.
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  • (47 other versions)Éditorial.Nathalie Chouchan - 2009 - Cahiers Philosophiques 131 (4):5-8.
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  • (1 other version)L'anthropomorphisme, voie d'accès privilégiée au vivant.Jacques Dewitte - 2002 - Revue Philosophique De Louvain 100 (3):437-465.
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  • Les plantes cultivées cachent-elles la forêt ?Sophie Gerber - 2018 - In Quentin Hiernaux & Benoît Timmermans (eds.), Philosophie du végétal. pp. 91-114.
    Le texte suivant s'appuie assez largement sur des informations scientifiques de la biologie végétale. Ce choix de philosopher à partir de la technicité et de l'historicité des objets botaniques correspond à un parti pris. La proximité de l’humain à ses objets d’étude, sa tendance à anthropomorphiser, voire anthropocentrer, les observations ou les problèmes qui se présentent à lui, a fait l’objet de multiples réflexions philosophiques et épistémologiques. Kant, pour qui « tout intérêt est finalement pratique [...] même celui de la (...)
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  • Descartes: An Intellectual Biography by Stephen Gaukroger. [REVIEW]Steven Nadler - 1996 - Journal of Philosophy 93 (2):101-104.
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  • Le Mecanisme Cartesien et la physiologie au XVIIe siecle.Aug Georges-Berthier - 1914 - Isis 2:37-89.
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  • Beyond “Second Animals”: Making Sense of Plant Ethics. [REVIEW]Sylvie Pouteau - 2014 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27 (1):1-25.
    Concern for what we do to plants is pivotal for the field of environmental ethics but has scarcely been voiced. This paper examines how plant ethics first emerged from the development of plant science and yet also hit theoretical barriers in that domain. It elaborates on a case study prompted by a legal article on “the dignity of creatures” in the Swiss Constitution. Interestingly, the issue of plant dignity was interpreted as a personification or rather an “animalization of plants.” This (...)
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  • La maîtrise du vivant.François Dagognet - 1988
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  • Grand Dictionnaire de la philosophie.Michel Blay & Jean-Christophe Tamisier - 2004 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 194 (3):368-370.
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  • Présentation - La fleur mise à nu par les botanistes même: Discours sur la structure des fleurs, leurs différences et l’usage de leurs parties.Sébastien Vaillant & Aliénor Bertrand - 2014 - Cahiers Philosophiques 2:79-81.
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  • La technique considérée en tant que système.Jacques Ellul - 1976 - Les Etudes Philosophiques 2:147.
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