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  1. The Science of Emotion: Mind, Body, and Culture.Cecilea Mun - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (6):144.
    In this paper, I give readers an idea of what some scholars are interested in, what I found interesting, and what may be of future interest in the philosophy of emotion. I begin with a brief overview of the general topics of interests in the philosophy of emotion. I then discuss what I believe to be some of the most interesting topics in the contemporary discourse, including questions about how philosophy can inform the science of emotion, responses to aspects of (...)
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  • Vocal Emotion Recognition Across Disparate Cultures.Gregory Bryant & H. Clark Barrett - 2008 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 8 (1-2):135-148.
    There exists substantial cultural variation in how emotions are expressed, but there is also considerable evidence for universal properties in facial and vocal affective expressions. This is the first empirical effort examining the perception of vocal emotional expressions across cultures with little common exposure to sources of emotion stimuli, such as mass media. Shuar hunter-horticulturalists from Amazonian Ecuador were able to reliably identify happy, angry, fearful and sad vocalizations produced by American native English speakers by matching emotional spoken utterances to (...)
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  • Contempt and disgust: the emotions of disrespect.Maria Miceli & Cristiano Castelfranchi - 2018 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 48 (2):205-229.
    Contempt and disgust share a number of features which distinguish them from other hostile emotions: they both present two distinct facets—a nonmoral facet and a moral one; they both imply a negative evaluation of the dispositional kind as well as disrespect towards the target of the feeling; and they trigger avoidance and exclusion action tendencies. However, while sharing a common core, contempt and disgust are in our view distinct emotions, qualified by different cognitive-motivational features. Contempt is felt exclusively towards human (...)
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  • On the deep structure of social affect: Attitudes, emotions, sentiments, and the case of “contempt”.Matthew M. Gervais & Daniel M. T. Fessler - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40:e225.
    Contempt is typically studied as a uniquely human moral emotion. However, this approach has yielded inconclusive results. We argue this is because the folk affect concept “contempt” has been inaccurately mapped onto basic affect systems. “Contempt” has features that are inconsistent with a basic emotion, especially its protracted duration and frequently cold phenomenology. Yet other features are inconsistent with a basic attitude. Nonetheless, the features of “contempt” functionally cohere. To account for this, we revive and reconfigure thesentimentconstruct using the notion (...)
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  • The Nonverbal Communication of Positive Emotions: An Emotion Family Approach.Disa A. Sauter - 2017 - Emotion Review 9 (3):222-234.
    This review provides an overview of the research on nonverbal expressions of positive emotions, organised into emotion families, that is, clusters sharing common characteristics. Epistemological positive emotions are found to have distinct, recognisable displays via vocal or facial cues, while the agency-approach positive emotions appear to be associated with recognisable visual, but not auditory, cues. Evidence is less strong for the prosocial emotions in any modality other than touch, and there is little support for distinct recognisable signals of the savouring (...)
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  • Contempt: Derogating Others While Keeping Calm.Agneta Fischer & Roger Giner-Sorolla - 2016 - Emotion Review 8 (4):346-357.
    While philosophers have discussed the emotion of contempt from antiquity to the present day, contempt has received less attention in psychological research. We review the defining features of contempt, both as a short-term emotion and as a more long-lasting sentiment. Contempt is similar to anger in that it may occur after (repeated) social or moral transgressions, but it differs from anger in its appraisals, actions, and emotivational goals. Unlike anger, contempt arises when a person’s or group’s character is appraised as (...)
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  • Social Functions of Emotions at Four Levels of Analysis.Dacher Keltner & Jonathan Haidt - 1999 - Cognition and Emotion 13 (5):505-521.
    In this paper we integrate claims and findings concerning the social functions of emotions at the individual, dyadic, group, and cultural levels of analysis. Across levels of analysis theorists assume that emotions solve problems important to social relationships in the context of ongoing interactions. Theorists diverge, however, in their assumptions about the origins, defining characteristics, and consequences of emotions, and in their preferred forms of data. We illustrate the differences and compatibilities among these levels of analysis for the specific case (...)
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  • Categorical perception of facial expressions of emotion: Evidence from multidimensional scaling.David Bimler & John Kirkland - 2001 - Cognition and Emotion 15 (5):633-658.
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  • Facial expression of pain: An evolutionary account.Amanda C. De C. Williams - 2002 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (4):439-455.
    This paper proposes that human expression of pain in the presence or absence of caregivers, and the detection of pain by observers, arises from evolved propensities. The function of pain is to demand attention and prioritise escape, recovery, and healing; where others can help achieve these goals, effective communication of pain is required. Evidence is reviewed of a distinct and specific facial expression of pain from infancy to old age, consistent across stimuli, and recognizable as pain by observers. Voluntary control (...)
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  • The proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions of smiles.Marc Mehu & Karim N'Diaye - 2010 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33 (6):454-455.
    Niedenthal et al's classification of smiles erroneously conflates psychological mechanisms and adaptive functions. This confusion weakens the rationale behind the types of smiles they chose to individuate, and it obfuscates the distinction between the communicative versus denotative nature of smiles and the role of perceived-gaze direction in emotion recognition.
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  • The Simulation of Smiles (SIMS) model: Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression.Paula M. Niedenthal, Martial Mermillod, Marcus Maringer & Ursula Hess - 2010 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33 (6):417.
    Recent application of theories of embodied or grounded cognition to the recognition and interpretation of facial expression of emotion has led to an explosion of research in psychology and the neurosciences. However, despite the accelerating number of reported findings, it remains unclear how the many component processes of emotion and their neural mechanisms actually support embodied simulation. Equally unclear is what triggers the use of embodied simulation versus perceptual or conceptual strategies in determining meaning. The present article integrates behavioral research (...)
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  • The Two-Stage Model of Emotion and the Interpretive Structure of the Mind.Marc A. Cohen - 2008 - Journal of Mind and Behavior 29 (4):291-320.
    Empirical evidence shows that non-conscious appraisal processes generate bodily responses to the environment. This finding is consistent with William James’s account of emotion, and it suggests that a general theory of emotion should follow James: a general theory should begin with the observation that physiological and behavioral responses precede our emotional experience. But I advance three arguments (empirical and conceptual arguments) showing that James’s further account of emotion as the experience of bodily responses is inadequate. I offer an alternative model, (...)
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  • Cultural dialects of real and synthetic emotional facial expressions.Zsófia Ruttkay - 2009 - AI and Society 24 (3):307-315.
    In this article we discuss the aspects of designing facial expressions for virtual humans (VHs) with a specific culture. First we explore the notion of cultures and its relevance for applications with a VH. Then we give a general scheme of designing emotional facial expressions, and identify the stages where a human is involved, either as a real person with some specific role, or as a VH displaying facial expressions. We discuss how the display and the emotional meaning of facial (...)
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  • Shame as a Culture-Specific Emotion Concept.Dolichan Kollareth, Jose-Miguel Fernandez-Dols & James A. Russell - 2018 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 18 (3-4):274-292.
    On the assumption that shame is a universal emotion, cross-cultural research on shame relies on translations assumed to be equivalent in meaning. Our studies here questioned that assumption. In three studies (Ns, 108, 120, 117),shamewas compared to its translations in Spanish (vergüenza) and in Malayalam (nanakedu). American English speakers usedshamefor the emotional reaction to moral failures and its use correlated positively withguilt, whereasvergüenzaandnanakeduwere used less for moral stories and their use correlated less with the guilt words. In comparison with Spanish (...)
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  • Automated facial coding software outperforms people in recognizing neutral faces as neutral from standardized datasets.Peter Lewinski - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Assessing collective affect recognition via the Emotional Aperture Measure.Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Caroline A. Bartel, Laura Rees & Quy Huy - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion 30 (1):117-133.
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  • The within-subjects design in the study of facial expressions.Michelle Yik, Sherri C. Widen & James A. Russell - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (6):1062-1072.
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  • Do proposed facial expressions of contempt, shame, embarrassment, and compassion communicate the predicted emotion?Sherri C. Widen, Anita M. Christy, Kristen Hewett & James A. Russell - 2011 - Cognition and Emotion 25 (5):898-906.
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  • The Social Amplification View of facial expression.Trip Glazer - 2019 - Biology and Philosophy 34 (2):33.
    I offer a novel view of the mechanisms underlying the spontaneous facial expression of emotion. According to my Social Amplification View, facial expressions result from the interplay of two processes: an emotional process that activates specific facial muscles, though not always to the point of visible contraction, followed by a social cognitive process that amplifies these activations so that they may function more effectively as social signals. I argue that SAV outperforms both the Neurocultural View and the Behavioral Ecology View, (...)
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  • Differentiating Shame from Embarrassment.W. Ray Crozier - 2014 - Emotion Review 6 (3):269-276.
    Questions about the relation between shame and embarrassment are often posed in discussion of emotion but have rarely been examined at length. In this study I assemble and examine distinctions that have been proposed in the literature with the aim of identifying the criteria that have been used to differentiate shame and embarrassment. Relevant empirical studies are also reviewed. Despite the attention paid to the question of the difference between shame and embarrassment consensus on differentiating criteria has not been reached (...)
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  • Status signals: Adaptive benefits of displaying and observing the nonverbal expressions of pride and shame.Jason P. Martens, Jessica L. Tracy & Azim F. Shariff - 2012 - Cognition and Emotion 26 (3):390-406.
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  • Arrogant or self-confident? The use of contextual knowledge to differentiate hubristic and authentic pride from a single nonverbal expression.Jessica L. Tracy & Christine Prehn - 2012 - Cognition and Emotion 26 (1):14-24.
    Two studies tested whether observers could differentiate between two facets of pride—authentic and hubristic—on the basis of a single prototypical pride nonverbal expression combined with relevant contextual information. In Study 1, participants viewed targets displaying posed pride expressions in response to success, while causal attributions for the success (target's effort vs. ability) and the source of this information (target vs. omniscient narrator conveying objective fact) were varied. Study 2 used a similar method, but attribution information came from both the target (...)
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  • The nature of awe: Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept.Michelle N. Shiota, Dacher Keltner & Amanda Mossman - 2007 - Cognition and Emotion 21 (5):944-963.
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  • Universality Revisited.Nicole L. Nelson & James A. Russell - 2013 - Emotion Review 5 (1):8-15.
    Evidence does not support the claim that observers universally recognize basic emotions from signals on the face. The percentage of observers who matched the face with the predicted emotion (matching score) is not universal, but varies with culture and language. Matching scores are also inflated by the commonly used methods: within-subject design; posed, exaggerated facial expressions (devoid of context); multiple examples of each type of expression; and a response format that funnels a variety of interpretations into one word specified by (...)
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  • Beyond smiles: The impact of culture and race in embodying and decoding facial expressions.Roberto Caldara - 2010 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33 (6):438-439.
    Understanding the very nature of the smile with an integrative approach and a novel model is a fertile ground for a new theoretical vision and insights. However, from this perspective, I challenge the authors to integrate culture and race in their model, because both factors would impact upon the embodying and decoding of facial expressions.
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  • Seeing the elephant: Parsimony, functionalism, and the emergent design of contempt and other sentiments.Matthew M. Gervais & Daniel M. T. Fessler - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
    The target article argues that contempt is a sentiment, and that sentiments are the deep structure of social affect. The 26 commentaries meet these claims with a range of exciting extensions and applications, as well as critiques. Most significantly, we reply that construction and emergence are necessary for, not incompatible with, evolved design, while parsimony requires explanatory adequacy and predictive accuracy, not mere simplicity.
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  • Can compassion, happiness and sympathetic concern be differentiated on the basis of facial expression?Otto Condliffe & Frances A. Maratos - 2020 - Cognition and Emotion 34 (7):1395-1407.
    Recent research has demonstrated the importance of positive emotions, and especially compassion, for well-being. Via two investigations, we set out to determine if facial expressions of happiness,...
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  • Perceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review.Manuel G. Calvo & Lauri Nummenmaa - 2016 - Cognition and Emotion 30 (6).
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  • The accessibility of the term “contempt” and the meaning of the unilateral lip curl.Hugh L. Wagner - 2000 - Cognition and Emotion 14 (5):689-710.
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  • Interdisciplinary Foundations for the Science of Emotion: Unification without Consilience.Cecilea Mun - 2021 - London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
    This monograph introduces a meta-framework for conducting interdisciplinary research in the science of emotion, as well as a framework for a particular kind of theory of emotion. It can also be understood as a “cross-over” book that introduces neophytes to some of the current discourse and major challenges for an interdisciplinary approach to the science of emotion, especially from a philosophical perspective. It also engages experts from across the disciplines who are interested in conducting an interdisciplinary approach to research and (...)
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  • Constructing contempt.Victoria L. Spring, C. Daryl Cameron, Kurt Gray & Kristen A. Lindquist - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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  • Measures of emotion: A review.Iris B. Mauss & Michael D. Robinson - 2009 - Cognition and Emotion 23 (2):209-237.
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  • Cross-cultural evidence that the nonverbal expression of pride is an automatic status signal.Jessica L. Tracy, Azim F. Shariff, Wanying Zhao & Joseph Henrich - 2013 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142 (1):163.
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  • The CODA Model: A Review and Skeptical Extension of the Constructionist Model of Emotional Episodes Induced by Music.Thomas M. Lennie & Tuomas Eerola - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    This paper discusses contemporary advancements in the affective sciences that can inform the music-emotion literature. Key concepts in these theories are outlined, highlighting their points of agreement and disagreement. This summary shows the importance of appraisal within the emotion process, provides a greater emphasis upon goal-directed accounts of behavior, and a need to move away from discrete emotion “folk” concepts and toward the study of an emotional episode and its components. Consequently, three contemporary music emotion theories are examined through a (...)
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  • Communications to Self and Others: Emotional Experience and its Skills.Keith Oatley - 2009 - Emotion Review 1 (3):206-213.
    According to the Communicative Theory of Emotions, we experience emotions when events occur that are important for our goals and plans. A method of choice for studying these matters is the emotion diary. Emotions configure our cognitive systems and our relationships. Many of our emotions concern our relationships, and empathy is central to our experience of them. We do not always recognize our emotions or the emotions of others, but literary fiction can help improve our skills of recognition and understanding.
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  • The Social Calibration of Emotion Expression: An Affective Basic of Micro-social Order.Christian von Scheve - 2012 - Sociological Theory 30 (1):1 - 14.
    This article analyzes the role of emotions in social interaction and their effects on social structuration and the emergence of micro-social order. It argues that facial expressions of emotion are key in generating robust patterns of social interaction. First, the article shows that actors' encoding of facial expressions combines hardwired physiological principles on the one hand and socially learned aspects on the other hand, leading to fine-grained and socially differentiated dialects of expression. Second, it is argued that decoding facial expression (...)
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  • Exploring the role of COVID-19 pandemic-related changes in social interactions on preschoolers' emotion labeling.Stephanie Wermelinger, Lea Moersdorf, Simona Ammann & Moritz M. Daum - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    During the COVID-19 pandemic people were increasingly obliged to wear facial masks and to reduce the number of people they met in person. In this study, we asked how these changes in social interactions are associated with young children's emotional development, specifically their emotion recognition via the labeling of emotions. Preschoolers labeled emotional facial expressions of adults and children in fully visible faces. In addition, we assessed children's COVID-19-related experiences and recorded children's gaze behavior during emotion labeling. We compared different (...)
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  • Bodily Communication of Emotion: Evidence for Extrafacial Behavioral Expressions and Available Coding Systems.Zachary Witkower & Jessica L. Tracy - 2019 - Emotion Review 11 (2):184-193.
    Although scientists dating back to Darwin have noted the importance of the body in communicating emotion, current research on emotion communication tends to emphasize the face. In this article we review the evidence for bodily expressions of emotions—that is, the handful of emotions that are displayed and recognized from certain bodily behaviors (i.e., pride, joy, sadness, shame, embarrassment, anger, fear, and disgust). We also review the previously developed coding systems available for identifying emotions from bodily behaviors. Although no extant coding (...)
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  • What is shared, what is different? Core relational themes and expressive displays of eight positive emotions.Belinda Campos, Michelle N. Shiota, Dacher Keltner, Gian C. Gonzaga & Jennifer L. Goetz - 2013 - Cognition and Emotion 27 (1):37-52.
    Understanding positive emotions' shared and differentiating features can yield valuable insight into the structure of positive emotion space and identify emotion states, or aspects of emotion states, that are most relevant for particular psychological processes and outcomes. We report two studies that examined core relational themes (Study 1) and expressive displays (Study 2) for eight positive emotion constructs—amusement, awe, contentment, gratitude, interest, joy, love, and pride. Across studies, all eight emotions shared one quality: high positive valence. Distinctive core relational theme (...)
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  • Can We Distinguish Emotions from Faces? Investigation of Implicit and Explicit Processes of Peak Facial Expressions.Ruiqi Xiao, Xianchun Li, Lin Li & Yanmei Wang - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  • Non-expert views of compassion: consensual qualitative research using focus groups.Jana Koróniová, Júlia Halamová & Martina Baránková - 2019 - Human Affairs 29 (1):6-19.
    Although the research on compassion is growing, there is a lack of knowledge about how non-expert people perceive compassion. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore compassion from the perspective of non-experts. Our sample consisted of 56 non-expert participants in 10 focus groups and we conducted a Consensual Qualitative Research analysis with two members of a core team and one auditor. In general, compassion was described as a mixture of non-specified positive emotions and specified negative emotions. Compassion was (...)
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  • From disgust to contempt-speech: The nature of contempt on the map of prejudicial emotions.Michal Bilewicz, Olga Katarzyna Kamińska, Mikołaj Winiewski & Wiktor Soral - 2017 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40.
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