Switch to: References

Citations of:

Criticism and the growth of knowledge

Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press (1970)

Add citations

You must login to add citations.
  1. What is a philosophical stance? Paradigms, policies and perspectives.Sandy C. Boucher - 2014 - Synthese 191 (10):2315-2332.
    Since van Fraassen first put forward the suggestive idea that many philosophical positions should be construed as ‘stances’ rather than factual beliefs, there have been various attempts to spell out precisely what a philosophical stance might be, and on what basis one should be adopted. In this paper I defend a particular account of stances, the view that they are pragmatically justified perspectives or ways of seeing the world, and compare it to some other accounts that have been offered. In (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   15 citations  
  • The role of the French Academy of sciences in the clarification of the issue of spontaneous generation in the mid-nineteenth century.Antonio Gálvez - 1988 - Annals of Science 45 (4):345-365.
    Among the literature of the 1970s which enthusiastically emphasized the externalist approach to the history of science was an article by John Farley and Gerald L. Geison which has often been referred to. It gave an interpretation of the spontaneous generation debate of 1859–64 between Louis Pasteur and Félix A. Pouchet, which suggests that Pasteur's victory was largely due to religious and political factors which favoured him rather than to experimental evidence. Although this view has been challenged by Nils Roll-Hansen, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Does the need for agreement among reviewers inhibit the publication controversial findings?J. Scott Armstrong & Raymond Hubbard - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (1):136-137.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • The reliability of peer review for manuscript and grant submissions: A cross-disciplinary investigation.Domenic V. Cicchetti - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (1):119-135.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   35 citations  
  • Peer review is not enough: Editors must work with librarians to ensure access to research.Steve Fuller - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (1):147-148.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Referee agreement in context.Lowell L. Hargens - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (1):150-151.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  • Disagreement among journal reviewers: No cause for undue alarm.Lawrence J. Stricker - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (1):163-164.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  • Chairman's action: The importance of executive decisions in peer review.Peter Tyrer - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (1):164-165.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Extremum descriptions, process laws and minimality heuristics.Elliott Sober - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):232-233.
    The examples and concepts that Shoemaker cites are rather heterogeneous. Some distinctions need to be drawn. An optimality thesis involves not just an ordering of options, but a value judgment about them. So let us begin by distinguishing minimality from optimality. And the concept of minimality can play a variety of roles, among which I distinguish between extremum descriptions, statements hypothesizing an optimizing process, and methodological recommendations. Finally, I consider how the three categories relate to Shoemaker’s question that “Who is (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Is economics still immersed in the old concepts of the Enlightenment era?Andrzej P. Wierzbicki - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):236-237.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • The infinite regress of optimization.Philippe Mongin - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):229-230.
    A comment on Paul Schoemaker's target article in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14 (1991), p. 205-215, "The Quest for Optimality: A Positive Heuristic of Science?" (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00066140). This comment argues that the optimizing model of decision leads to an infinite regress, once internal costs of decision (i.e., information and computation costs) are duly taken into account.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Organisms, scientists and optimality.Michael Davison - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):220-221.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Vaulting optimality.Peter Dayan & Jon Oberlander - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):221-222.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Straining the word “optimal”.James E. Mazur - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):227-227.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • The quest for optimality: A positive heuristic of science?Paul J. H. Schoemaker - 1991 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14 (2):205-215.
    This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of one of science's most pervasive and flexible metaprinciples;optimalityis used to explain utility maximization in economics, least effort principles in physics, entropy in chemistry, and survival of the fittest in biology. Fermat's principle of least time involves both teleological and causal considerations, two distinct modes of explanation resting on poorly understood psychological primitives. The rationality heuristic in economics provides an example from social science of the potential biases arising from the extreme flexibility of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   43 citations  
  • “Prepared fears” and the theory of conditioning.Wanda Wyrwicka - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):186-186.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Empirical criteria for evaluating rape as an evolutionary phenomenon.Travis Langley - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):393-394.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • The evolutionary psychology of priesthood celibacy.Jennifer J. Freyd & J. Q. Johnson - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):385-385.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Is there any need for conditioning in Eysenck's conditioning model of neurosis?Jeffrey A. Gray - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):169-171.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   24 citations  
  • A reconsideration of Eysenck's conditioning model of neurosis.Donald J. Levis - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):172-174.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Conditioning theory and neurosis.Dalbir Bindra - 1979 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2 (2):166-167.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Human reasoning: Can we judge before we understand?Richard A. Griggs - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (3):338-339.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Species differences and principles of learning: Informed generality.A. W. Logue - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):150-151.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Contrasting approaches to a theory of learning.Timothy D. Johnston - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (1):125-139.
    The general process view of learning, which guided research into learning for the first half of this century, has come under attack in recent years from several quarters. One form of criticism has come from proponents of the so-called biological boundaries approach to learning. These theorists have presented a variety of data showing that supposedly general laws of learning may in fact be limited in their applicability to different species and learning tasks, and they argue that the limitations are drawn (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   287 citations  
  • Internal representations and indeterminacy: A skeptical view.William R. Uttal - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):392-393.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Misrepresenting behaviorism.Marc N. Branch - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):372-373.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • Confessions of a curmudgeon.Philip Kitcher - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):89-99.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Saving sociobiology: The use and abuse of logic.Irwin S. Bernstein - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):73-73.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Enough of polemics – let's look at data!W. C. McGrew - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):79-79.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Rising out of the ashes.H. C. Plotkin - 1987 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10 (1):79-80.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Real intentions?Donald R. Griffin - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (3):514.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • What is the intentional stance?Gilbert Harman - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (3):515.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Why philosophers should be designers.Aaron Sloman - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (3):529.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Interreferee agreement and acceptance rates in physics.David Lazarus - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (2):219-219.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   40 citations  
  • Rejecting published work: It couldn't happen in physics! (or could it?).Michael J. Moravcsik - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (2):228-229.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Editorial responsibilities in manuscript review.Rick Crandall - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (2):207-208.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Theoretical implications of failure to detect prepublished submissions.Douglas Lee Eckberg - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (2):209-210.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   36 citations  
  • Competency testing for reviewers and editors.Rosalyn S. Yalow - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (2):244-245.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Explanatory coherence in understanding persons, interactions, and relationships.Stephen J. Read & Lynn C. Miller - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (3):485-486.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Are explanatory coherence and a connectionist model necessary?Jerry R. Hobbs - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (3):476-477.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  • Does ECHO explain explanation? A psychological perspective.Joshua Klayman & Robin M. Hogarth - 1989 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12 (3):478-479.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Expectancy bias and phobias: Accounting for the uneven distribution of fears and the characteristics of clinical phobias.Graham C. L. Davey - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):315-325.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Eggs in more than one basket: Mediating mechanisms between evolution and phobias.Arne Öhman - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):310-311.
    The evolutionary origin of phobias is strongly supported by behavioral genetics and monkey vicarious conditioning data. Prepared Pavlovian conditioning may be only one of the mechanisms mediating the evolutionarily determined outcome in phobias, avoidance. Davey's alternative biased expectancy hypothesis has merit in accounting for some aspects of laboratory data, but it is insufficient to explain the unconscious origin of phobic fear.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Why are phobias irrational?Peter F. Lovibond, David A. T. Siddle & Nigel W. Bond - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):303-303.
    We endorse Davey's view that expectancy processes are intimately involved in fear reactions, but question his model on three grounds. First, the mechanism for generating expectancy bias to both ontogenetic and phylogenetic stimuli is not spelled out. Second, the selective association component is unnecessary. Third, the model fails to provide a clear explanation for the irrationality of phobic reactions.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Preparedness, phobias, and the Panglossian paradigm.Richard J. McNally - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):303-304.
    In his critique of preparedness theory, Davey does not address the limitations of adaptationism. The purpose of this commentary is to outline problems that arise when one assumes that mental illness (e.g., phobic disorder)musthave had adaptive significance for it to have survived the vicissitudes of natural selection.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Enhanced processing of threatening stimuli: The case of face recognition.Linda Mealey - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):304-305.
    Because of their evolutionary importance, threat-detection mechanisms are likely to exist at a variety of levels. A recent study of face recognition suggests that novel stimuli receive enhanced processing when presented as fear-related. This suggests the existence of a complex, context-dependent threat-detection mechanism that can adaptively respond to spatiotemporally varying and unique environmental features.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • The uneven distribution of fears and phobias: A nonassociative account.Ross G. Menzies - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):305-306.
    A review of data concerning the uneven distribution of phobias suggests that nonassociative, ethological models can account for most of tile important findings that cannot be attributed to expectancy biases. The origin of a variety of fears that appear in fixed developmental patterns across divergent cultures and species can best be explained by biological models.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Nonlinear experiential influences on the development of fear reactions.David B. Miller - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):306-307.
    Failure to find an obvious or linear relationship between a developmental experiential factor and a developmental outcome often leads investigators to posit concepts such as “biological preparedness” and “evolved predispositions” that allude to hypothetical geneticmechanisms that may not exist. However, experiential nonlinearities alone may explain the development of certain instinctive behaviors, as shown by studies on alarm call responsivity in mallard ducklings.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • Expectancy bias as sole or partial account of selective associations?Susan Mineka & Michael Cook - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):307-309.
    Davey reviews evidence purporting to distinguish between two accounts of selective associations – expectancy bias and evolved predispositions, although these hypotheses largely apply to different levels of causal analysis. Criticisms of primate studies in which subjects lack prior exposure to stimuli seem uncompelling. Expectancies may sometimes serve as proximal mediators in selective associations, but other factors, both proximate and ultimate, are clearly also involved.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • The generalized expectancy bias: An explanatory enigma.Joseph J. Plaud - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (2):311-312.
    According to Davey, generalized expectancy biases cause fearrelevant behavior and may complement Seligman's biological preparedness model. Expectancy biases do not explain the preparedness phenomenon, because such cognitive (or covert behavioral) processes are themselves controlled by social and other environmentally based contingencies. Davey's own examination of the importance of cross-cultural factors can show the relationship between FR stimuli and behavior without needing cognitive agency to explain the behavioral phenomenon.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark