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  1. Strips: A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving.Richard E. Fikes & Nils J. Nilsson - 1971 - Artificial Intelligence 2 (3-4):189-208.
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  • (3 other versions)Truth­-Makers.Kevin Mulligan, Peter Simons & Barry Smith - 2009 - Swiss Philosophical Preprints.
    During the realist revival in the early years of this century, philosophers of various persuasions were concerned to investigate the ontology of truth. That is, whether or not they viewed truth as a correspondence, they were interested in the extent to which one needed to assume the existence of entities serving some role in accounting for the truth of sentences. Certain of these entities, such as the Sätze an sich of Bolzano, the Gedanken of Frege, or the propositions of Russell (...)
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  • Elements of Symbolic Logic. [REVIEW]W. V. Quine - 1948 - Journal of Philosophy 45 (6):161-166.
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  • Past, present, and future.Arthur Prior - 1967 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 157:476-476.
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  • Situations and Attitudes.Jerry Butterfield - 1986 - Philosophical Quarterly 36 (143):292-296.
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  • (1 other version)The Proper Treatment of Events.Michiel van Lambalgen & Fritz Hamm - 2006 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 12 (1):139-141.
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  • Logics of Conversation.Nicholas Asher, Nicholas Michael Asher & Alex Lascarides - 2003 - Cambridge University Press.
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  • Austinian truth, attitudes and type theory ∗.Robin Cooper - unknown
    This paper is part of a broader project whose aim is to present a coherent unified approach to natural language dialogue semantics using tools from type theory. Here we explore aspects of our approach which relate to situation theory and situation semantics. We first point out a relationship between type theory and the Austinian notion of truth. We then consider how records in type theory might be used to represent situations and how dependent record types can be used to model (...)
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  • Past, present and future.Arthur N. Prior - 1967 - Oxford,: Clarendon P..
    But Findlay's remark, like so much that has been written on the subject of time in the present century, was provoked in the first place by McTaggart's ...
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  • Events in the Semantics of English: A Study in Subatomic Semantics.Terence Parsons - 1990 - MIT Press.
    This extended investigation of the semantics of event (and state) sentences in their various forms is a major contribution to the semantics of natural language, simultaneously encompassing important issues in linguistics, philosophy, and logic. It develops the view that the logical forms of simple English sentences typically contain quantification over events or states and shows how this view can account for a wide variety of semantic phenomena. Focusing on the structure of meaning in English sentences at a &"subatomic&" level&-that is, (...)
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  • Situations in natural language semantics.Angelika Kratzer - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Situation semantics was developed as an alternative to possible worlds semantics. In situation semantics, linguistic expressions are evaluated with respect to partial, rather than complete, worlds. There is no consensus about what situations are, just as there is no consensus about what possible worlds or events are. According to some, situations are structured entities consisting of relations and individuals standing in those relations. According to others, situations are particulars. In spite of unresolved foundational issues, the partiality provided by situation semantics (...)
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  • Truthmaker realism.Barry Smith - 1999 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 77 (3):274 – 291.
    We take as our starting point a thesis to the effect that, at least for true judgments of many varieties, there are parts of reality which make such judgments are true. We argue that two distinct components are involved in this truthmaker relation. On the one hand is the relation of necessitation, which holds between an object x and a judgment p when the existence of x entails the truth of p. On the other hand is the dual notion of (...)
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  • (3 other versions)Truth-Makers.Kevin Mulligan, Peter Simons & Barry Smith - 1984 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44 (3):287-321.
    A realist theory of truth for a class of sentences holds that there are entities in virtue of which these sentences are true or false. We call such entities ‘truthmakers’ and contend that those for a wide range of sentences about the real world are moments (dependent particulars). Since moments are unfamiliar, we provide a definition and a brief philosophical history, anchoring them in our ontology by showing that they are objects of perception. The core of our theory is the (...)
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  • On the logic of demonstratives.David Kaplan - 1979 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 8 (1):81 - 98.
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  • (1 other version)Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence.John McCarthy & Patrick Hayes - 1969 - In B. Meltzer & Donald Michie (eds.), Machine Intelligence 4. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 463--502.
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  • Situations and Attitudes.Jon Barwise & John Perry - 1983 - Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Edited by John Perry.
    This volume tackles the slippery subject of 'meaning'.
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  • Intuitionistic Type Theory.Per Martin-Löf - 1980 - Bibliopolis.
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  • (1 other version)Model Theory.C. C. Chang & H. Jerome Keisler - 1992 - Studia Logica 51 (1):154-155.
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  • Events, instants and temporal reference.Hans Kamp - 1979 - In Rainer Bäuerle, Urs Egli & Arnim von Stechow (eds.), Semantics from different points of view. New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 376--418.
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  • From Discourse to Logic: Introduction to Modeltheoretic Semantics of Natural Language, Formal Logic and Discourse Representation Theory.Hans Kamp & Uwe Reyle - 1993 - Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Preface This book is about semantics and logic. More specifically, it is about the semantics and logic of natural language; and, even more specifically than ...
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  • (1 other version)Model Theory.Michael Makkai, C. C. Chang & H. J. Keisler - 1991 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 56 (3):1096.
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  • Dynamic Logic.David Harel, Dexter Kozen & Jerzy Tiuryn - 2000 - MIT Press.
    This book provides the first comprehensive introduction to Dynamic Logic. Among the many approaches to formal reasoning about programs, Dynamic Logic enjoys the singular advantage of being strongly related to classical logic. Its variants constitute natural generalizations and extensions of classical formalisms. For example, Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL) can be described as a blend of three complementary classical ingredients: propositional calculus, modal logic, and the algebra of regular events. In First-Order Dynamic Logic (DL), the propositional calculus is replaced by classical (...)
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  • Temporal propositions as vague predicates.Tim Fernando - unknown
    The idea that temporal propositions are vague predicates is examined with attention to the nature of the objects over which the predicates range. These objects should not, it is argued, be identified once and for all with points or intervals in the real line (or any fixed linear order). Context has an important role to play not only in sidestepping the Sorites paradox (Gaifman 2002) but also in shaping temporal moments/extent (Landman 1991). The Russell-Wiener construction of time from events (Kamp (...)
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  • Situations as indices and as denotations.Tim Fernando - 2009 - Linguistics and Philosophy 32 (2):185-206.
    A distinction is drawn between situations as indices required for semantically evaluating sentences and situations as denotations resulting from such evaluation. For atomic sentences, possible worlds may serve as indices, and events as denotations. The distinction is extended beyond atomic sentences according to formulae-as-types and applied to implicit quantifier domain restrictions, intensionality and conditionals.
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  • The logical form of action sentences.Donald Davidson - 1966 - In Nicholas Rescher (ed.), The Logic of Decision and Action. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 81--95.
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  • (1 other version)Elements of symbolic logic.Hans Reichenbach - 1980 - London: Dover Publications.
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  • Lost innocence.Scott Soames - 1985 - Linguistics and Philosophy 8 (1):59--71.
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  • Type-theoretical Grammar.Aarne Ranta - 1994 - Oxford, England: Oxford University Press on Demand.
    It is the aim of INDICES to document recent explorations in the various fields of philosophical logic and formal linguistics and their applications in other disciplines. The main emphasis of this series is on self-contained monographs covering particular areas of recent research and surveys of methods, problems, and results in all fields of inquiry where recourse to logical analysis and logical methods has been fruitful. INDICES will contain monographs dealing with the central areas of philosophical logic (extensional and intensional systems, (...)
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  • (3 other versions)Truth-Makers.Kevin Mulligan, Peter M. Simons & Barry Smith - 2007 - In Jean-Maurice Monnoyer (ed.), Metaphysics and Truthmakers. Pisctaway, NJ: Ontos Verlag. pp. 18--9.
    Reprint of paper first published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research in 1984.
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  • (1 other version)Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence.J. McCarthy & P. J. Hayes - 1969 - Machine Intelligence 4:463-502.
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  • Dynamic Logic.Lenore D. Zuck & David Harel - 1989 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 54 (4):1480.
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  • The Situations We Talk about.Lenhart K. Schubert - unknown
    It is routinely observed in NLP that sentences seem to “evoke” situations (where I use this term comprehensively to cover events, episodes, eventualities, processes, etc.). Much like discourse entities evoked by explicit noun phrases, these evoked situations can be referred to anaphorically, as for instance in (1) and (3) below, and can be modified in various ways, for instance by supplying their duration and location, as in (2) and (4).
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  • (1 other version)The Proper Treatment of Events.Michiel van Lambalgen & Fritz Hamm - 2006 - Erkenntnis 65 (3):441-447.
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  • Per Martin-Löf. Intuitionistic type theory. Studies in proof theory. Bibliopolis, Naples1984, ix + 91 pp. [REVIEW]W. A. Howard - 1986 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 51 (4):1075-1076.
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  • (2 other versions)Model Theory.Gebhard Fuhrken - 1976 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 41 (3):697-699.
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  • Situations and Attitudes.Nino B. Cocchiarella - 1983 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 51 (2):470.
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  • Observing events and situations in time.Tim Fernando - 2007 - Linguistics and Philosophy 30 (5):527-550.
    Events and situations are represented by strings of temporally ordered observations, on the basis of which the events and situations are recognized. Allen’s basic interval relations are derived from superposing strings that mark interval boundaries, and Kamp’s event structures are constructed as projective limits of strings. Observations are generalized to temporal propositions, leading to event-types that classify event-instances. Working with sets of strings built from temporal propositions, we obtain natural notions of bounded entailment from set inclusions. These inclusions are decidable (...)
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  • (1 other version)Constructible falsity.David Nelson - 1949 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 14 (1):16-26.
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  • (1 other version)Situations and attitudes.Jon Barwise & John Perry - 2019 - In John Perry (ed.), Studies in language and information. Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
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  • Proof Theory and Meaning.B. G. Sundholm - unknown
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  • The effects of aspectual class on the temporal structure of discourse: Semantics or pragmatics? [REVIEW]David Dowty - 1986 - Linguistics and Philosophy 9 (1):37 - 61.
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  • (1 other version)Constructible Falsity.David Nelson - 1950 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 15 (3):228-228.
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  • On constructing instants from events.S. K. Thomason - 1984 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 13 (1):85 - 96.
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  • Preface.David Dowty - 1986 - Linguistics and Philosophy 9 (1):1-3.
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  • Free construction of time from events.S. K. Thomason - 1989 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 18 (1):43 - 67.
    Some may be of the opinion that one event can begin before another only by virtue of the existence of some event (a “witness”) which wholly precedes the other and does not wholly precede the one (and similarly for “ends before” and “does not abut”). Those would prefer $\mathbb{F}$ 0 to $\mathbb{F}$ as a model for observers' apprehensions of events. Since G is a functor from $\mathbb{M}$ to $\mathbb{F}$ 0, the current construction (restricted to $\mathbb{F}$ 0) remains applicable.This work supports (...)
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