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Metamathematics of Fuzzy Logic

Dordrecht, Boston and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1998)

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  1. The Nature and Logic of Vagueness.Marian Călborean - 2020 - Dissertation, University of Bucharest
    The PhD thesis advances a new approach to vagueness as dispersion, comparing it with the main philosophical theories of vagueness in the analytic tradition.
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  • Nested sequents for intermediate logics: the case of Gödel-Dummett logics.Tim S. Lyon - 2023 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 33 (2):121-164.
    We present nested sequent systems for propositional Gödel-Dummett logic and its first-order extensions with non-constant and constant domains, built atop nested calculi for intuitionistic logics. To obtain nested systems for these Gödel-Dummett logics, we introduce a new structural rule, called the linearity rule, which (bottom-up) operates by linearising branching structure in a given nested sequent. In addition, an interesting feature of our calculi is the inclusion of reachability rules, which are special logical rules that operate by propagating data and/or checking (...)
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  • Modalité et changement: δύναμις et cinétique aristotélicienne.Marion Florian - 2023 - Dissertation, Université Catholique de Louvain
    The present PhD dissertation aims to examine the relation between modality and change in Aristotle’s metaphysics. -/- On the one hand, Aristotle supports his modal realism (i.e., worldly objects have modal properties - potentialities and essences - that ground the ascriptions of possibility and necessity) by arguing that the rejection of modal realism makes change inexplicable, or, worse, banishes it from the realm of reality. On the other hand, the Stagirite analyses processes by means of modal notions (‘change is the (...)
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  • These Degrees go to Eleven: Fuzzy Logics and Gradable Predicates.Petr Cintula, Berta Grimau, Carles Noguera & Nicholas J. J. Smith - 2022 - Synthese 200 (445):1-38.
    In the literature on vagueness one finds two very different kinds of degree theory. The dominant kind of account of gradable adjectives in formal semantics and linguistics is built on an underlying framework involving bivalence and classical logic: its degrees are not degrees of truth. On the other hand, fuzzy logic based theories of vagueness—largely absent from the formal semantics literature but playing a significant role in both the philosophical literature on vagueness and in the contemporary logic literature—are logically nonclassical (...)
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  • Kripke Semantics for Fuzzy Logics.Saeed Salehi - 2018 - Soft Computing 22 (3):839–844.
    Kripke frames (and models) provide a suitable semantics for sub-classical logics; for example, intuitionistic logic (of Brouwer and Heyting) axiomatizes the reflexive and transitive Kripke frames (with persistent satisfaction relations), and the basic logic (of Visser) axiomatizes transitive Kripke frames (with persistent satisfaction relations). Here, we investigate whether Kripke frames/models could provide a semantics for fuzzy logics. For each axiom of the basic fuzzy logic, necessary and sufficient conditions are sought for Kripke frames/models which satisfy them. It turns out that (...)
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  • Advances in Modal Logic, Vol. 13.Nicola Olivetti & Rineke Verbrugge (eds.) - 2020 - College Publications.
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  • Probability and nonclassical logic.Robert Williams - 2016 - In Alan Hájek & Christopher Hitchcock (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Probability and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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  • Generalisation of proof simulation procedures for Frege systems by M.L. Bonet and S.R. Buss.Daniil Kozhemiachenko - 2018 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 28 (4):389-413.
    ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a generalisation of proof simulation procedures for Frege systems by Bonet and Buss to some logics for which the deduction theorem does not hold. In particular, we study the case of finite-valued Łukasiewicz logics. To this end, we provide proof systems and which augment Avron's Frege system HŁuk with nested and general versions of the disjunction elimination rule, respectively. For these systems, we provide upper bounds on speed-ups w.r.t. both the number of steps in proofs (...)
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  • You don't say! Lying, asserting and insincerity.Neri Marsili - 2017 - Dissertation, University of Sheffield
    This thesis addresses philosophical problems concerning improper assertions. The first part considers the issue of defining lying: here, against a standard view, I argue that a lie need not intend to deceive the hearer. I define lying as an insincere assertion, and then resort to speech act theory to develop a detailed account of what an assertion is, and what can make it insincere. Even a sincere assertion, however, can be improper (e.g., it can be false, or unwarranted): in the (...)
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  • Truth without standard models: some conceptual problems reloaded.Eduardo Barrio & Bruno Da Ré - 2017 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 28 (1):122-139.
    A theory of truth is usually demanded to be consistent, but -consistency is less frequently requested. Recently, Yatabe has argued in favour of -inconsistent first-order theories of truth, minimising their odd consequences. In view of this fact, in this paper, we present five arguments against -inconsistent theories of truth. In order to bring out this point, we will focus on two very well-known -inconsistent theories of truth: the classical theory of symmetric truth FS and the non-classical theory of naïve truth (...)
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  • What Verities May Be.Igor Douven & Lieven Decock - 2017 - Mind 126 (502):386-428.
    Edgington has proposed a solution to the sorites paradox in terms of ‘verities’, which she defines as degrees of closeness to clear truth. Central to her solution is the assumption that verities are formally probabilities. She is silent on what verities might derive from and on why they should be probabilities. This paper places Edgington’s solution in the framework of a spatial approach to conceptualization, arguing that verities may be conceived of as deriving from how our concepts relate to each (...)
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  • Lying as a scalar phenomenon.Neri Marsili - 2014 - In Sibilla Cantarini, Werner Abraham & Elisabeth Leiss (eds.), Certainty-Uncertainty Âe and the Attitudinal Space in Between. John Benjamins Publishing.
    In the philosophical debate on lying, there has generally been agreement that either the speaker believes that his statement is false, or he believes that his statement is true. This article challenges this assumption, and argues that lying is a scalar phenomenon that allows for a number of intermediate cases – the most obvious being cases of uncertainty. The first section shows that lying can involve beliefs about graded truth values (fuzzy lies) and graded beliefs (graded-belief lies). It puts forward (...)
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  • Omitting types for infinitary [ 0, 1 ] -valued logic.Christopher J. Eagle - 2014 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 165 (3):913-932.
    We describe an infinitary logic for metric structures which is analogous to Lω1,ω. We show that this logic is capable of expressing several concepts from analysis that cannot be expressed in finitary continuous logic. Using topological methods, we prove an omitting types theorem for countable fragments of our infinitary logic. We use omitting types to prove a two-cardinal theorem, which yields a strengthening of a result of Ben Yaacov and Iovino concerning separable quotients of Banach spaces.
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  • Intermediate logics and factors of the Medvedev lattice.Andrea Sorbi & Sebastiaan A. Terwijn - 2008 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 155 (2):69-85.
    We investigate the initial segments of the Medvedev lattice as Brouwer algebras, and study the propositional logics connected to them.
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  • A modal theorem-preserving translation of a class of three-valued logics of incomplete information.D. Ciucci & D. Dubois - 2013 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 23 (4):321-352.
    There are several three-valued logical systems that form a scattered landscape, even if all reasonable connectives in three-valued logics can be derived from a few of them. Most papers on this subject neglect the issue of the relevance of such logics in relation with the intended meaning of the third truth-value. Here, we focus on the case where the third truth-value means unknown, as suggested by Kleene. Under such an understanding, we show that any truth-qualified formula in a large range (...)
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  • What Is Graded Membership?Lieven Decock & Igor Douven - 2012 - Noûs 48 (4):653-682.
    It has seemed natural to model phenomena related to vagueness in terms of graded membership. However, so far no satisfactory answer has been given to the question of what graded membership is nor has any attempt been made to describe in detail a procedure for determining degrees of membership. We seek to remedy these lacunae by building on recent work on typicality and graded membership in cognitive science and combining some of the results obtained there with a version of the (...)
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  • (1 other version)A geo-logical solution to the lottery paradox, with applications to conditional logic.Hanti Lin & Kevin Kelly - 2012 - Synthese 186 (2):531-575.
    We defend a set of acceptance rules that avoids the lottery paradox, that is closed under classical entailment, and that accepts uncertain propositions without ad hoc restrictions. We show that the rules we recommend provide a semantics that validates exactly Adams’ conditional logic and are exactly the rules that preserve a natural, logical structure over probabilistic credal states that we call probalogic. To motivate probalogic, we first expand classical logic to geo-logic, which fills the entire unit cube, and then we (...)
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  • Generalized probabilism: Dutch books and accuracy domi- nation.J. Robert G. Williams - 2012 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 41 (5):811-840.
    Jeff Paris proves a generalized Dutch Book theorem. If a belief state is not a generalized probability then one faces ‘sure loss’ books of bets. In Williams I showed that Joyce’s accuracy-domination theorem applies to the same set of generalized probabilities. What is the relationship between these two results? This note shows that both results are easy corollaries of the core result that Paris appeals to in proving his dutch book theorem. We see that every point of accuracy-domination defines a (...)
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  • Review: Vagueness and Degrees of Truth. [REVIEW]Christian G. Fermüller - 2010 - Australasian Journal of Logic 9:1-9.
    Vagueness is one of the most persistent and challenging topics in the intersection of philosophy and logic. At least five other noteworthy books on vagueness have been written by philosophers since 1991 [2, 6, 11, 12, 15]. A (necessarily incomplete) bibliography that has been compiled for the Arché project Vagueness: its Nature and Logic (2004-2006) of the University of St Andrews lists more than 350 articles and books on vagueness until 2005.1 Many new and interesting contributions have appeared since. The (...)
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  • Non-classical Metatheory for Non-classical Logics.Andrew Bacon - 2013 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 42 (2):335-355.
    A number of authors have objected to the application of non-classical logic to problems in philosophy on the basis that these non-classical logics are usually characterised by a classical metatheory. In many cases the problem amounts to more than just a discrepancy; the very phenomena responsible for non-classicality occur in the field of semantics as much as they do elsewhere. The phenomena of higher order vagueness and the revenge liar are just two such examples. The aim of this paper is (...)
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  • Giles’s Game and the Proof Theory of Łukasiewicz Logic.Christian G. Fermüller & George Metcalfe - 2009 - Studia Logica 92 (1):27 - 61.
    In the 1970s, Robin Giles introduced a game combining Lorenzen-style dialogue rules with a simple scheme for betting on the truth of atomic statements, and showed that the existence of winning strategies for the game corresponds to the validity of formulas in Łukasiewicz logic. In this paper, it is shown that ‘disjunctive strategies’ for Giles’s game, combining ordinary strategies for all instances of the game played on the same formula, may be interpreted as derivations in a corresponding proof system. In (...)
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  • Fuzzy intensional semantics.Libor Běhounek & Ondrej Majer - 2018 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 28 (4):348-388.
    The study of weighted structures is one of the important trends in recent computer science. The aim of the article is to provide a weighted, many-valued version of classical intensional semantics formalised in the framework of higher-order fuzzy logics. We illustrate the apparatus on several variants of fuzzy S5-style modalities. The formalism is applicable to a broad array of weighted intensional notions, including alethic, epistemic, or probabilistic modalities, generalised quantifiers, counterfactual conditionals, dynamic and non-monotonic logics, and some more.
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  • Many-valued modal logics: A simple approach: Many-valued modal logics: A simple approach.Graham Priest - 2008 - Review of Symbolic Logic 1 (2):190-203.
    1.1 In standard modal logics, the worlds are 2-valued in the following sense: there are 2 values that a sentence may take at a world. Technically, however, there is no reason why this has to be the case. The worlds could be many-valued. This paper presents one simple approach to a major family of many-valued modal logics, together with an illustration of why this family is philosophically interesting.
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  • Varying interpolation and amalgamation in polyadic MV-algebras.Tarek Sayed Ahmed - 2015 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 25 (2):140-192.
    We prove several interpolation theorems for many-valued infinitary logic with quantifiers by studying expansions of MV-algebras in the spirit of polyadic and cylindric algebras. We prove for various reducts of polyadic MV-algebras of infinite dimensions that if is the free algebra in the given signature,, is in the subalgebra of generated by, is in the subalgebra of generated by and, then there exists an interpolant in the subalgebra generated by and such that. We call this a varying interpolation property because (...)
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  • Borel on the Heap.Paul Égré & Anouk Barberousse - 2014 - Erkenntnis 79 (5):1043-1079.
    In 1907 Borel published a remarkable essay on the paradox of the Heap (“Un paradoxe économique: le sophisme du tas de blé et les vérités statistiques”), in which Borel proposes what is likely the first statistical account of vagueness ever written, and where he discusses the practical implications of the sorites paradox, including in economics. Borel’s paper was integrated in his book Le Hasard, published 1914, but has gone mostly unnoticed since its publication. One of the originalities of Borel’s essay (...)
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  • Fuzzy power structures.George Georgescu - 2008 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 47 (3):233-261.
    Power structures are obtained by lifting some mathematical structure (operations, relations, etc.) from an universe X to its power set ${\mathcal{P}(X)}$ . A similar construction provides fuzzy power structures: operations and fuzzy relations on X are extended to operations and fuzzy relations on the set ${\mathcal{F}(X)}$ of fuzzy subsets of X. In this paper we study how this construction preserves some properties of fuzzy sets and fuzzy relations (similarity, congruence, etc.). We define the notions of good, very good, Hoare good (...)
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  • Fuzzy modal-like approximation operators based on double residuated lattices.Anna Maria Radzikowska - 2006 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 16 (3-4):485-506.
    In many applications we have a set of objects together with their properties. Since the available information is usually incomplete and/or imprecise, the true knowledge about subsets of objects can be determined approximately only. In this paper, we discuss a fuzzy generalisation of two pairs of relation-based operators suitable for fuzzy set approximations, which have been recently investigated by Düntsch and Gediga. Double residuated lattices, introduced by Orlowska and Radzikowska, are taken as basic algebraic structures. Main properties of these operators (...)
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  • On the infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic that preserves degrees of truth.Josep Maria Font, Àngel J. Gil, Antoni Torrens & Ventura Verdú - 2006 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 45 (7):839-868.
    Łukasiewicz’s infinite-valued logic is commonly defined as the set of formulas that take the value 1 under all evaluations in the Łukasiewicz algebra on the unit real interval. In the literature a deductive system axiomatized in a Hilbert style was associated to it, and was later shown to be semantically defined from Łukasiewicz algebra by using a “truth-preserving” scheme. This deductive system is algebraizable, non-selfextensional and does not satisfy the deduction theorem. In addition, there exists no Gentzen calculus fully adequate (...)
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  • Provability in predicate product logic.Michael C. Laskowski & Shirin Malekpour - 2007 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 46 (5-6):365-378.
    We sharpen Hájek’s Completeness Theorem for theories extending predicate product logic, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Pi\forall}$$\end{document}. By relating provability in this system to embedding properties of ordered abelian groups we construct a universal BL-chain L in the sense that a sentence is provable from \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\Pi\forall}$$\end{document} if and only if it is an L-tautology. As well we characterize the class of lexicographic sums that have this universality property.
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  • Algebraic Kripke-Style Semantics for Relevance Logics.Eunsuk Yang - 2014 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 43 (4):803-826.
    This paper deals with one kind of Kripke-style semantics, which we shall call algebraic Kripke-style semantics, for relevance logics. We first recall the logic R of relevant implication and some closely related systems, their corresponding algebraic structures, and algebraic completeness results. We provide simpler algebraic completeness proofs. We then introduce various types of algebraic Kripke-style semantics for these systems and connect them with algebraic semantics.
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  • Truth values.Yaroslav Shramko - 2010 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  • Fuzzy logic.Petr Hajek - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  • Axiomatization of non-associative generalisations of Hájek's BL and psBL.Yaroslav Petrukhin - 2020 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 30 (1):1-15.
    ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider non-associative generalisations of Hájek's logics BL and psBL. As it was shown by Cignoli, Esteva, Godo, and Torrens, the former is the logic of continuous t-norms and their residua. Botur introduced logic naBL which is the logic of non-associative continuous t-norms and their residua. Thus, naBL can be viewed as a non-associative generalisation of BL. However, Botur has not presented axiomatization of naBL. We fill this gap by constructing an adequate Hilbert-style calculus for naBL. Although, (...)
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  • Taking Degrees of Truth Seriously.Josep Maria Font - 2009 - Studia Logica 91 (3):383-406.
    This is a contribution to the discussion on the role of truth degrees in manyvalued logics from the perspective of abstract algebraic logic. It starts with some thoughts on the so-called Suszko’s Thesis (that every logic is two-valued) and on the conception of semantics that underlies it, which includes the truth-preserving notion of consequence. The alternative usage of truth values in order to define logics that preserve degrees of truth is presented and discussed. Some recent works studying these in the (...)
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  • Łukasiewicz-Moisil Relation Algebras.Andrei Popescu - 2005 - Studia Logica 81 (2):167-189.
    We introduce Łukasiewicz-Moisil relation algebras, obtained by considering a relational dimension over Łukasiewicz-Moisil algebras. We prove some arithmetical properties, provide a characterization in terms of complex algebras, study the connection with relational Post algebras and characterize the simple structures and the matrix relation algebras.
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  • Generalized Bosbach states: part I. [REVIEW]Lavinia Corina Ciungu, George Georgescu & Claudia Mureşan - 2013 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 52 (3-4):335-376.
    States have been introduced on commutative and non-commutative algebras of fuzzy logics as functions defined on these algebras with values in [0,1]. Starting from the observation that in the definition of Bosbach states there intervenes the standard MV-algebra structure of [0,1], in this paper we introduce Bosbach states defined on residuated lattices with values in residuated lattices. We are led to two types of generalized Bosbach states, with distinct behaviours. Properties of generalized states are useful for the development of an (...)
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  • Adaptive fuzzy logics for contextual hedge interpretation.Stephan van der Waart van Gulik - 2009 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 18 (3):333-356.
    The article presents several adaptive fuzzy hedge logics. These logics are designed to perform a specific kind of hedge detection. Given a premise set Γ that represents a series of communicated statements, the logics can check whether some predicate occurring in Γ may be interpreted as being (implicitly) hedged by technically, strictly speaking or loosely speaking, or simply non-hedged. The logics take into account both the logical constraints of the premise set as well as conceptual information concerning the meaning of (...)
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  • Many-valued logic.Siegfried Gottwald - 2008 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  • An elementary belief function logic.Didier Dubois, Lluis Godo & Henri Prade - 2023 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 33 (3-4):582-605.
    1. There are two distinct lines of research that aim at modelling belief and knowledge: modal logic and uncertainty theories. Modal logic extends classical logic by introducing knowledge or belief...
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  • The Hahn Embedding Theorem for a Class of Residuated Semigroups.Sándor Jenei - 2020 - Studia Logica 108 (6):1161-1206.
    Hahn’s embedding theorem asserts that linearly ordered abelian groups embed in some lexicographic product of real groups. Hahn’s theorem is generalized to a class of residuated semigroups in this paper, namely, to odd involutive commutative residuated chains which possess only finitely many idempotent elements. To this end, the partial lexicographic product construction is introduced to construct new odd involutive commutative residuated lattices from a pair of odd involutive commutative residuated lattices, and a representation theorem for odd involutive commutative residuated chains (...)
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  • Continuous propositional modal logic.Stefano Baratella - 2018 - Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics 28 (4):297-312.
    We introduce a propositional many-valued modal logic which is an extension of the Continuous Propositional Logic to a modal system. Otherwise said, we extend the minimal modal logic to a Continuous Logic system. After introducing semantics, axioms and deduction rules, we establish some preliminary results. Then we prove the equivalence between consistency and satisfiability. As straightforward consequences, we get compactness, an approximated completeness theorem, in the vein of Continuous Logic, and a Pavelka-style completeness theorem.
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  • A Duality for the Algebras of a Łukasiewicz n + 1-valued Modal System.Bruno Teheux - 2007 - Studia Logica 87 (1):13-36.
    In this paper, we develop a duality for the varieties of a Łukasiewicz n + 1-valued modal System. This duality is an extension of Stone duality for modal algebras. Some logical consequences (such as completeness results, correspondence theory...) are then derived and we propose some ideas for future research.
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  • Distinguishing non-standard natural numbers in a set theory within Łukasiewicz logic.Shunsuke Yatabe - 2007 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 46 (3-4):281-287.
    In ${\mathbf{H}}$ , a set theory with the comprehension principle within Łukasiewicz infinite-valued predicate logic, we prove that a statement which can be interpreted as “there is an infinite descending sequence of initial segments of ω” is truth value 1 in any model of ${\mathbf{H}}$ , and we prove an analogy of Hájek’s theorem with a very simple procedure.
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  • Free Algebras in Varieties of Glivenko MTL-Algebras Satisfying the Equation 2(x²) = (2x)².Roberto Cignoli & Antoni Torrens Torrell - 2006 - Studia Logica 83 (1-3):157 - 181.
    The aim of this paper is to give a description of the free algebras in some varieties of Glivenko MTL-algebras having the Boolean retraction property. This description is given (generalizing the results of [9]) in terms of weak Boolean products over Cantor spaces. We prove that in some cases the stalks can be obtained in a constructive way from free kernel DL-algebras, which are the maximal radical of directly indecomposable Glivenko MTL-algebras satisfying the equation in the title. We include examples (...)
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  • A Generalized Proof-Theoretic Approach to Logical Argumentation Based on Hypersequents.AnneMarie Borg, Christian Straßer & Ofer Arieli - 2020 - Studia Logica 109 (1):167-238.
    In this paper we introduce hypersequent-based frameworks for the modelling of defeasible reasoning by means of logic-based argumentation and the induced entailment relations. These structures are an extension of sequent-based argumentation frameworks, in which arguments and the attack relations among them are expressed not only by Gentzen-style sequents, but by more general expressions, called hypersequents. This generalization allows us to overcome some of the known weaknesses of logical argumentation frameworks and to prove several desirable properties of the entailments that are (...)
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  • On the Decidability Status of Fuzzy A ℒ C with General Concept Inclusions.Franz Baader, Stefan Borgwardt & Rafael Peñaloza - 2015 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 44 (2):117-146.
    The combination of Fuzzy Logics and Description Logics has been investigated for at least two decades because such fuzzy DLs can be used to formalize imprecise concepts. In particular, tableau algorithms for crisp Description Logics have been extended to reason also with their fuzzy counterparts. It has turned out, however, that in the presence of general concept inclusion axioms this extension is less straightforward than thought. In fact, a number of tableau algorithms claimed to deal correctly with fuzzy DLs with (...)
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  • A classification of certain group-like FL $$_e$$ e -chains.Sándor Jenei & Franco Montagna - 2015 - Synthese 192 (7):2095-2121.
    Classification of certain group-like FL $_e$ -chains is given: We define absorbent-continuity of FL $_e$ -algebras, along with the notion of subreal chains, and classify absorbent-continuous, group-like FL $_e$ -algebras over subreal chains: The algebra is determined by its negative cone, and the negative cone can only be chosen from a certain subclass of BL-chains, namely, one with components which are either cancellative (that is, those components are negative cones of totally ordered Abelian groups) or two-element MV-algebras, and with no (...)
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  • Effectiveness in RPL, with applications to continuous logic.Farzad Didehvar, Kaveh Ghasemloo & Massoud Pourmahdian - 2010 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 161 (6):789-799.
    In this paper, we introduce a foundation for computable model theory of rational Pavelka logic and continuous logic, and prove effective versions of some related theorems in model theory. We show how to reduce continuous logic to rational Pavelka logic. We also define notions of computability and decidability of a model for logics with computable, but uncountable, set of truth values; we show that provability degree of a formula with respect to a linear theory is computable, and use this to (...)
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  • Fuzzy closure systems on L-ordered sets.Lankun Guo, Guo-Qiang Zhang & Qingguo Li - 2011 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 57 (3):281-291.
    In this paper, notions of fuzzy closure system and fuzzy closure L—system on L—ordered sets are introduced from the fuzzy point of view. We first explore the fundamental properties of fuzzy closure systems. Then the correspondence between fuzzy closure systems and fuzzy closure operators is established. Finally, we study the connections between fuzzy closure systems and fuzzy Galois connections. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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  • A really fuzzy approach to the sorites paradox.Francesco Paoli - 2003 - Synthese 134 (3):363 - 387.
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