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  1. Gödel's proof.Ernest Nagel - 1958 - [New York]: New York University Press. Edited by James Roy Newman.
    In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, _Godel’s Proof_ by Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy (...)
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  • Two treatises of government.John Locke - 1947 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by Peter Laslett.
    This is a new revised version of Dr. Laslett's standard edition of Two Treatises. First published in 1960, and based on an analysis of the whole body of Locke's publications, writings, and papers. The Introduction and text have been revised to incorporate references to recent scholarship since the second edition and the bibliography has been updated.
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  • Tractatus logico-philosophicus.Ludwig Wittgenstein, G. C. M. Colombo & Bertrand Russell - 1990 - New York: Routledge. Edited by C. K. Ogden.
    Bazzocchi disposes the text of the Tractatus in a user-friendly manner, exactly as Wittgenstein's decimals advise. This discloses the logical form of the book by distinct reading units, linked into a fashioned hierarchical tree. The text becomes much clearer and every reader can enjoy, finally, its formal and literary qualities.
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  • The logic of scientific discovery.Karl Raimund Popper - 1934 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Hutchinson Publishing Group.
    Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
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  • Computability and Logic.George Boolos, John Burgess, Richard P. & C. Jeffrey - 1980 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by John P. Burgess & Richard C. Jeffrey.
    Computability and Logic has become a classic because of its accessibility to students without a mathematical background and because it covers not simply the staple topics of an intermediate logic course, such as Godel's incompleteness theorems, but also a large number of optional topics, from Turing's theory of computability to Ramsey's theorem. This 2007 fifth edition has been thoroughly revised by John Burgess. Including a selection of exercises, adjusted for this edition, at the end of each chapter, it offers a (...)
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  • Modern logic and the synthetic a priori.Irving M. Copi - 1949 - Journal of Philosophy 46 (8):243-245.
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  • Gödel and the synthetic a priori: A rejoinder.Irving M. Copi - 1950 - Journal of Philosophy 47 (22):633-636.
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  • A note on the entscheidungsproblem.Alonzo Church - 1936 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 1 (1):40-41.
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  • ``A Note on the Entcheidunsproblem".Alonzo Church - 1936 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 1 (1):40-41.
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  • What the tortoise said to Achilles.Lewis Carroll - 1895 - Mind 4 (14):278-280.
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  • Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning. [REVIEW]J. R. Cameron - 1967 - Philosophical Quarterly 17 (66):81.
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  • Language, truth and logic.Alfred Jules Ayer - 1936 - London,: V. Gollancz.
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  • Modus Tollens" revisited.Ernest W. Adams - 1988 - Analysis 48 (3):122.
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  • The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique.[author unknown] - 1987 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 38 (1):106-116.
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  • The Open Society and Its Enemies.Karl Raimund Popper - 2013 - Princeton: Princeton University Press. Edited by Alan Ryan & E. H. Gombrich.
    Written in political exile during the Second World War and first published in 1945, Karl Popper's The Open Society and Its Enemiesis one of the most influential books of the twentieth century. Hailed by Bertrand Russell as a 'vigorous and profound defence of democracy', its now legendary attack on the philosophies of Plato, Hegel and Marx exposed the dangers inherent in centrally planned political systems. Popper's highly accessible style, his erudite and lucid explanations of the thought of great philosophers and (...)
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  • Normal science and its dangers.Karl Popper - 1970 - In Imre Lakatos & Alan Musgrave (eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51--8.
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  • Proofs and refutations: the logic of mathematical discovery.Imre Lakatos (ed.) - 1976 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Proofs and Refutations is essential reading for all those interested in the methodology, the philosophy and the history of mathematics. Much of the book takes the form of a discussion between a teacher and his students. They propose various solutions to some mathematical problems and investigate the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions. Their discussion (which mirrors certain real developments in the history of mathematics) raises some philosophical problems and some problems about the nature of mathematical discovery or creativity. Imre (...)
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  • From a Logical Point of View.Willard Van Orman Quine - 1953 - Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
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  • Patterns of discovery.Norwood Russell Hanson - 1958 - Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press.
    In this 1958 book, Professor Hanson turns to an equally important but comparatively neglected subject, the philosophical aspects of research and discovery.
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  • My philosophical development.Bertrand Russell - 1959 - London,: Allen & Unwin.
    A survey such as this by one of the world's leading thinkers of his entire philosophical canon, is clearly as important as it is fascinating.
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  • Logic.Donald Kalish - 1964 - New York,: Harcourt, Brace & World. Edited by Richard Montague.
    Logic: Techniques of Formal Reasoning, 2/e is an introductory volume that teaches students to recognize and construct correct deductions. It takes students through all logical steps--from premise to conclusion--and presents appropriate symbols and terms, while giving examples to clarify principles. Logic, 2/e uses models to establish the invalidity of arguments, and includes exercise sets throughout, ranging from easy to challenging. Solutions are provided to selected exercises, and historical remarks discuss major contributions to the theories covered.
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  • Thinking About Thinking.G. J. Warnock & Antony Flew - 1976 - Philosophical Quarterly 26 (104):273.
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  • Godel and the synthetic a priori.Atwell R. Turquette - 1950 - Journal of Philosophy 47 (5):125-129.
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  • Types and ontology.Fred Sommers - 1963 - Philosophical Review 72 (3):327-363.
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  • A Defence Of Modus Tollens.Walter Sinnott-Armstrong & Alonso Church - 1990 - Analysis 50 (1):9.
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  • A Defence of Modus Tollens.Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, James Moor & Robert Fogelin - 1990 - Analysis 50 (1):9 - 16.
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  • Extensions of some theorems of gödel and church.Barkley Rosser - 1936 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 1 (3):87-91.
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  • The fundamental ${\rm S}$-theorem---a corollary.Robert K. Meyer, Errol P. Martin & Robert Dwyer - 1983 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 24 (4):509-516.
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  • Two dogmas of quineanism.Graham Priest - 1979 - Philosophical Quarterly 29 (117):289-301.
    The paper argues for two theses: a) there are certain truths which are analytic; b) these are true by convention. Much of the paper deals with quine's arguments against these claims. The paper starts by accepting quine's network theory of belief and arguing that this presupposes a certain concept of rule following. This may be used to define analyticity. The paper then discusses the conventional nature of rule following and argues that this implies the conventional truth of analytic truths. Quine's (...)
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  • In Contradiction, A Study of the Transconsistent.Joel M. Smith - 1991 - Noûs 25 (3):380-383.
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  • In Contradiction: A Study of the Transconsistent.N. C. A. Da Costa - 1989 - Philosophical Quarterly 39 (157):498-502.
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  • Godel's Proof.S. R. Peterson - 1961 - Philosophical Quarterly 11 (45):379.
    In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, Godel’s Proof by Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy (...)
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  • A. Grünbaum, "The Foundations of Psychoanalysis". [REVIEW]Alessandro Pagnini - 1987 - Philosophical Quarterly 37 (46):100.
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  • Second Thoughts about Church's Thesis and Mathematical Proofs.Elliott Mendelson - 1990 - Journal of Philosophy 87 (5):225-233.
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  • A Historical Commentary on Thucydides.Malcolm F. McGregor & A. W. Gomme - 1958 - American Journal of Philology 79 (4):416.
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  • A Historical Commentary on Thucydides.Malcolm F. McGregor & A. W. Gomme - 1946 - American Journal of Philology 67 (3):268.
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  • Solution to the P − W problem.E. P. Martin & R. K. Meyer - 1982 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 47 (4):869-887.
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  • Confirmation of a conjecture of Peter of Spain concerning question-begging arguments.Jim Mackenzie - 1984 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 13 (1):35 - 45.
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  • Begging the question in dialogue.J. D. Mackenzie - 1984 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 62 (2):174 – 181.
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  • Two Treatises of Government.Roland Hall - 1966 - Philosophical Quarterly 16 (65):365.
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  • How to stop talking to tortoises.J. D. Mackenzie - 1979 - Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 20 (4):705-717.
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  • Fallacies.Charles Leonard Hamblin - 1970 - Newport News, Va.: Vale Press.
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  • The Fallacy behind Fallacies.Gerald J. Massey - 1981 - Midwest Studies in Philosophy 6 (1):489-500.
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  • The Foundations of Psychoanalysis: A Philosophical Critique. Adolf Grünbaum.Morris N. Eagle - 1986 - Philosophy of Science 53 (1):65-88.
    This book consists thematically of three broad sections: a lengthy introduction in which Grünbaum critically assesses the hermeneutic construal of psychoanalysis, as represented in the work of Habermas, G. S. Klein, and Ricoeur; a critical examination of Popper's assessment of both psychoanalysis and inductivism; and a logical analysis of core psychoanalytic ideas that constitute the foundation for much of psychoanalytic theory. This last section is, in my view, the heart of the book and therefore, it is that section on which (...)
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  • A System of Logic.John Stuart Mill - 1874 - Longman.
    Reprint of the original, first published in 1869.
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  • A defense of modus ponens.Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, James Moor & Robert Fogelin - 1986 - Journal of Philosophy 83 (5):296-300.
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  • Second thoughts about church's thesis and mathematical proofs.Elliott Mendelson - 1990 - Journal of Philosophy 87 (5):225-233.
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  • A counterexample to modus ponens.Vann McGee - 1985 - Journal of Philosophy 82 (9):462-471.
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  • Über formal unentscheidbare Sätze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme I.K. Gödel - 1931 - Monatshefte für Mathematik 38 (1):173--198.
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  • Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (Proceedings of the International Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, London 1965, volume 4).Imre Lakatos - 1970
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