This paper argues that the practical implementation of blockchain technology can be considered an institution of property similar to legal institutions. Invoking Penner's theory of property and Hegel's system of property rights, and using the example of bitcoin, it is possible to demonstrate that blockchain effectively implements all necessary and sufficient criteria for property without reliance on legal means. Blockchains eliminate the need for a third-party authority to enforce exclusion rights, and provide a system of universal access (...) to knowledge and discoverability about the property rights of all participants and how the system functions. The implications of these findings are that traditional property relations in society could be replaced by or supplemented with blockchain models, and implemented in new domains. (shrink)

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution to address the issues of trust, transparency, and security in digital transactions. By enabling decentralized and immutable records of transactions, blockchain offers a reliable mechanism for ensuring the integrity and traceability of data. Initially popularized by cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, the applications of blockchain technology have expanded into a variety of industries, including finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and voting systems. This paper explores how blockchain is (...) revolutionizing trust and transparency in digital transactions, examining its fundamental principles, applications, challenges, and future potential. (shrink)

The problem of corruption in Ukraine has been examined, as well as Blockchain technology application feasibility in combating the phenomenon has been analyzed in the article. Blockchain instrumental features and properties, making the technology unique and determining its potential applications in many sectors of the economy, have been covered with much attention. The authors have analyzed both advantages and obstacles for a distributed data registry implementation. Analysis of benchmarks and application of the best practices of (...) class='Hi'>Blockchain technology in the public sector, including fiscal process, have been presented in the study. Profound interest in exploring the technology feasibility has been emphasized on the part of the world's leading governments. Information on pilot Blockchain projects in the public sector of Ukraine has been presented. The article focuses on the fact that alongside with the technology area and ways of scaling its application, a new era of digital society development is emerging. (shrink)

Technologies currently have a tremendous impact on all spheres of economy, business and a state. They integrally change people’s conception of trade, property, and market entities interaction. Artificial intelligence, additive, informationommunication, green technologies, biotechnologies, and blockchain technologies development and implementation confirm their leadership importance and inevitability in relation to the activities traditional approaches. In the modern world only the companies with flexible vision, equipment and technologies able to instantly reform, adapt to new conditions and challenges, will benefit. The point (...) at issue is Industry 4.0 as a new technological mode emergence. (shrink)

Corruption in public institutions is a significant problem that stifles economic, social and environmental development worldwide. This predominates when there is a lack of transparency, inadequate record-keeping, and low public accountability. Accordingly, the questions this paper intends to provide answers to are two-fold. Firstly, what are the recurring patterns of procurement corruption in the South Africa (SA) public sector? Secondly, how can digital technology deployment assist in checking this trend? Desktop method was adopted through literature examination of studies relating (...) to corruption, procurement, blockchain and digitization. We conclude by proposing a model/framework for adopting and using blockchain technology in public institutions to minimise corruption and the time taken for contract document preparation and acceptance. This study contributed to knowledge by evaluating the issues associated with public procurement and how blockchain and digitization can be adopted to help stern the tide of corruption in public institutions. (shrink)

About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this (...) cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable. -/- CONTENTS: -/- Abstract Introducere Tehnologia blockchain - Proiectare - Modele Bitcoin Filosofia Ontologii - Ontologii narative - Ontologii de intreprindere Concluzii Note Bibliografie -/- DOI: 10.58679/MM73548, ISBN 978-606-033-222-0. (shrink)

This paper argues that many so-called digital technologies can be construed as notational technologies, explored through the example of Monegraph, an art and digital asset management platform built on top of the blockchain system originally developed for the cryptocurrency bitcoin. As the paper characterizes it, a notational technology is the performance of syntactic notation within a field of reference, a technologized version of what Nelson Goodman called a “notational system.” Notational technologies produce abstracted entities through positive and reliable, (...) or constitutive, tests of socially acceptable meaning. Accordingly, this account deviates from typical narratives of blockchains, instead demonstrating that blockchain technologies are effective at managing digital assets because they produce abstracted identities through the performance of notation. Since notational technologies rely on configurations of socially acceptable meaning, this paper also provides a philosophical account of how blockchain technologies are socially embedded. (shrink)

. The Road Safety Violation Reporting System is an innovative approach to improve road safety by enabling community members to report traffic rule violations. India faces over 150,000 traffic fatalities each year due to non-compliance with laws like wearing seat belts, helmets, and avoiding mobile phone use while driving. Our platform allows citizens to report violations using photographic evidence, which includes location and timestamp data. The system automates fine generation while maintaining the anonymity of the reporters, encouraging public participation in (...) traffic law enforcement. This project leverages community engagement and advanced technology to significantly reduce traffic violations and enhance road safety. (shrink)

With DLT’s success in driving the development of cryptocurrency (such as Bitcoin), the technology bridged to a myriad of knowledge-based applications, most notably in the areas of commerce, industry and government . In the language of technology sector insiders, these areas were ‘disrupted’ by Blockchain. Some higher education analysts, technology industry insiders and futurists have claimed that Blockchain technology will inevitably disrupt higher education in a similarly dramatic fashion. The aim of this commentary is (...) to introduce a healthy dose of realism into the hype-filled atmosphere of the Blockchain-for-higher-education narrative. A postdigital approach is taken because it treats digital and non-digital technologies as having equal material and cultural standing as candidates to transform higher education. (shrink)

Dans un article précédent, The Philosophy of blockchain technology - Ontologies, j'ai parlé de l'application de la théorie narrative de Paul Ricœur dans le développement d'une ontologie de la technologie blockchain. Dans cette section, j'ai l'intention de mettre en évidence l'idée d'une analogie entre la technologie blockchain et les théories causales de la référence. Dans la mesure où la poursuite de l'élaboration de cette idée se révélera viable, je vais essayer de développer une théorie basée sur (...) cette analogie. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24843.21282 . (shrink)

This chapter discusses cryptocurrency, distributed ledger technology and blockchain tokens within the context of technological innovation, the history of money and accounting practices, and their multiple functionalities beyond those of standard currencies. This discussion is motivated by the design of cryptocurrencies for specific community needs, and to reflect anti-rival, positive sum value.

This chapter discusses cryptocurrency, distributed ledger technology and blockchain tokens within the context of technological innovation, the history of money and accounting practices, and their multiple functionalities beyond those of standard currencies. This discussion is motivated by the design of cryptocurrencies for specific community needs, and to reflect anti-rival, positive sum value.

The 21st century is undergoing an unprecedented productivity shift due to the use of disruptive technologies, including artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, big data, robotics, and augmented reality, among others. The use of these technologies is expanding across all sectors of the economy, blurring the boundaries between different activities, and digital systems are permeating them, leading to a reevaluation of knowledge and techniques in various fields of study. Accounting is not exempt from this reality, and blockchain technology (...) is emerging as a methodology that brings about substantial changes in topics that have been the conceptual and technical foundation of the discipline, such as double-entry bookkeeping. -/- This essay aims to approach blockchain from two objectives. The first is to present blockchain technology as a tool for accounting. This technology enables a paradigm shift in accounting by providing more transparent, secure, and reliable information. This leads to a review and reconsideration of certain roles of professionals in the field of economics, such as the external auditor as a guarantor of the reasonableness of accounting information. The conceptual frameworks related to the topic and how blockchain enables the incorporation of a third distributed ledger are presented. -/- The second approach of the essay seeks to analyze the responses of accounting regulations to a new type of assets that arise with the advent of blockchain, such as cryptocurrencies in general. The position adopted by the IASB is shown, which fails to provide a convincing response and has led to different regulatory bodies in various countries adopting their own positions. The result of the analysis is presented in a comparative table. -/- The essay concludes by reflecting on the changes brought about by this new technology and the role that academia should play. (shrink)

In a previous article, Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - Ontologies, I talked about applying Paul Ricœur's narrative theory in developing an ontology of blockchain technology. In this article I intend to highlight the idea of an analogy between blockchain technology and the causal theories of reference. Such a theory can be interpreted as a result of syntactic notation in a reference field, based on the narrative theory developed by Paul Ricœur in Time and Narrative. (...) DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26682.95684. (shrink)

Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems (DCPS) are increasingly vulnerable to security threats due to their complex, interconnected nature. Traditional security mechanisms struggle to ensure trust, integrity, and resilience against malicious attacks and system failures. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a promising solution to enhance security in DCPS. This paper explores the integration of blockchain with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) to address security challenges in DCPS. PBFT consensus mechanisms enable systems to function reliably even in (...) the presence of malicious nodes, ensuring fault tolerance and data integrity. By leveraging blockchain and BFT, this approach mitigates single points of failure, enhances trust among distributed components, and secures communication against cyber threats. This paper presents a detailed analysis of blockchain-based PBFT models for DCPS security, evaluating their performance, scalability, and resilience. The findings demonstrate that integrating blockchain with PBFT enhances system reliability, improves data authenticity, and strengthens overall cybersecurity in DCPS environments. (shrink)

This project focuses on the development of a decentralized e-wallet system that utilizes blockchain technology to enable secure and transparent cryptocurrency transactions. The e-wallet allows users to store, send, and receive cryptocurrency without relying on third-party intermediaries. The system is built on the Ethereum blockchain with Ganache serving as the local blockchain development and testing environment. User data, such as profiles and transaction history, is managed using MySQL. This project does not implement smart contracts or additional (...) security features, instead relying on JavaScript for both frontend and backend operations. The results from testing indicate that the system is efficient, scalable, and provides secure peer-to-peer transaction capabilities. (shrink)

Complex technology has become an essential aspect of everyday life. We rely on technology as part of basic infrastructure and repeatedly for tasks throughout the day. Yet, in many cases the relation surpasses mere reliance and evolves to trust in technology. A new, disruptive technology is blockchain. It claims to introduce trustless relationships among its users, aiming to eliminate the need for trust altogether—even being described as “the trust machine”. This paper presents a proposal to (...) adjust the concept of trust in blockchain applications with the tools provided by conceptual engineering. Its goal is to propose a concept of trust, that offers more than a halo term, devoid of the normative depth that the original, philosophical term actually carries. To evaluate possible concepts of trust in blockchain applications, five criteria are proposed: These criteria ensure that the conceptual relation indeed embodies trust, thereby being richer than mere reliance, and that the chosen concept highlights the active role of the trustor. While the concepts of trust in engineers and trust in algorithms have to be discarded, institutional trust emerges as a viable candidate, given some refinements. Ultimately, the concept of trust by normative expectations and attribution is suggested to capture the essence of trust in blockchain applications. (shrink)

Capitalism has become able to appropriate economically and quantitatively our “qualitative field of life” and to destroy and create social relations based on debt mechanisms. In parallel, technologies such as blockchain are expected to disrupt business practices and social interactions as they are currently conceived. For Brian Massumi, blockchain is what we need to resist capitalism and escape its pervasiveness, as it can help us “reinvent” the concept of value within broader collective arrangements. In this article, the author (...) argues against this assumption; blockchain is still inadequate for effectively resisting the pernicious effects of capitalism, and decentralized technologies cannot replace the hard work of politics. (shrink)

Ontology engineering, along with semantic Web technologies, allow the semantic development and modeling of the operational flow required for blockchain design. The semantic Web, in accordance with W3C, "provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries" and can be seen as an integrator for various content, applications and information systems. The most widely used blockchain modelling system, by abstract representation, description and definition of structure, processes, information and resources, (...) is the enterprises modelling. Enterprise modelling uses domain ontologies by model representation languages. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19062.24642. (shrink)

L'ingénierie ontologique, associé aux technologies du Web sémantique, permet la modélisation sémantique et le développement du flux opérationnel requis pour la conception de la technologie blockchain. Le système de modélisation blockchain le plus utilisé, par la représentation abstraite, la description et la définition de la structure, des processus, des informations et des ressources, est la modélisation des entreprises. La modélisation d'entreprise utilise des ontologies de domaine utilisant des langages de représentation du modèle. Bitcoin est le principal système de (...) paiement pair-à-pair et cryptomonnaie qui utilise la technologie de la blockchain. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25379.50726. (shrink)

Nghiên cứu khảo sát 120 nhân viên và quản lý thuộc 31 ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) Việt Nam, sử dụng mô hình chấp nhận và sử dụng công nghệ - UTAUT để xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc áp dụng công nghệ chuỗi (Blockchain) trong việc chuyển giao dữ liệu giữa các ngân hàng. Kết quả cho thấy, Sự hỗ trợ pháp lý điều tiết sự ảnh hưởng của nhân tố Niềm tin và sự yêu (...) thích công nghệ đến Khả năng áp dụng Blockchain. Hơn nữa, những nhân tố, như: Nỗ lực mong đợi, Điều kiện thuận lợi và Hiệu quả mong đợi đều tác động tích cực đến Khả năng áp dụng Blockchain trong chuyển giao dữ liệu tại các ngân hàng. Kết quả nghiên cứu là cơ sở để đề xuất một số giải pháp cho các NHTM Việt Nam nhằm nâng cao khả năng áp dụng thành công Blockchain trong tương lai gần. -/- [This study surveyed 120 employees and managers of 31 commercial banks in Vietnam, using the model unified theory of acceptance and use of technology - UTAUT to identify factors affecting the application of chain technology (Blockchain) in data transfer between banks. The results show that legal support moderates the influence of Trust and love of technology on the Likelihood of Blockchain adoption. Furthermore, factors such as Expected effort, Favorable conditions, and Expected efficiency all positively impact the ability to apply Blockchain in data transfer at banks. The research results are the basis for proposing several solutions for Vietnamese commercial banks to improve the ability to successfully apply Blockchain soon.]. (shrink)

Few recent developments in information technology have been as hyped as blockchain, the first implementation of which was the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Such hype furnishes ample reason to be skeptical about the promise of blockchain implementations, but I contend that there’s something to the hype. In particular, I think that certain blockchain implementations, in the right material, social, and political conditions, constitute excellent bases for common knowledge. As a case study, I focus on trust in election outcomes, (...) where the ledger records not financial transactions but vote tallies. I argue that blockchain implementations could foster warranted trust in vote tallies and thereby trust in the democratic process. Finally, I argue that if the promise of blockchain implementations as democratic infrastructure is to be realized, then democracies first need to ensure that these material, social, and political conditions obtain. (shrink)

Le concept d'hétérotopie numérique est un moyen de décrire et d'analyser la relation particulière et évolutive entre l'État contemporain et la monnaie numérique, y compris les crypto-monnaies passant par la blockchain. Les caractéristiques de l'État sont affectées par la connexion avec les monnaies numériques. Les technologies numériques peuvent également être interprétées comme des technologies notationnelles, résultant respectivement de la notation syntaxique dans un champ de référence (système notationnel). L'ontologie sociale s'intéresse à la nature du monde social, aux constituants ou (...) aux éléments constitutifs des entités sociales en général. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29738.98244. (shrink)

This paper explores the possibility of a standard legal language (e.g. English) for a principled evolution of law in line with technological development. In doing so, reference is made to blockchain networks and smart contracts to emphasise the discontinuity with the liberal legal tradition when it comes to decentralisation and binary code language. Methodologically, the argument is built on the underlying relation between law, semiotics and new forms of media adding to natural language; namely: code and symbols. In what (...) follows, I will concentrate on the study of factors that explain why such approach can be fruitful for the future of law and innovation. I have three reasons for selecting this topic. The first is a more pragmatic reason, based on my current research of law as a linguistic phenomenon. Secondly, the topic does also touch the matter on binary code language, rivalrous to legal alphabetic language. Lastly, the study aims at emphasizing the pivotal role of the jurist as an interpreter in a changing society accommodating diverging realms of reality. The study is structured as follows. Firstly, a quick exam of the traits of blockchain networks would provide the contextual link to establish the arguments in support of the need of a standard legal language. Secondly, a comparison between liberal legal institutions and theory of semiotics is set to perceive their functioning and ascertain their limits in the light of todays unprecedented changes. Thirdly, a summary on blockchain networks’ legal features would constitute the thrust behind the idea of a uniform legal language. Methodologically, the argument does also establish some relations with classical laws of physics and philosophy of media. Its aim is to demonstrate how the suggested legal interpretation and semiotic-based approach can contribute to overcome existing stumbling blocks including, but not limited to, the lack of cooperation at the international level as well as the gap in State norms when it comes to innovation. In this sense, the proposed strategies do not intend to replace current advances in the legal thought. In contrast, it seeks to harmonise their results providing a methodical approach that can concur to inform a new technique to address new controversial issues. In practice, the proposed method regarding the adoption of a uniform legal language would lower transactive costs in terms of normative coordination in the matter of international cooperation and in the definition of applicable law among different legal systems. Alternatively, it might contribute to the convergence of legal systems and/or their underlying concepts. Differently put, article’s contribution can be envisaged in fostering juridical consistency with regards to different forms of languages’ coexistence. (shrink)

Abstract—The purpose of this study is to highlight and prove the positive impact in which blockchain could have on today’s IoT environment in terms of providing Cybersecurity for not just organizations, but other individuals who share data via the internet. The current IoT environs operates on a centralized cloud based server, meanwhile block chain operates on a decentralized server. The differentiation between the both plays a major role in the level of security they both provide; whereby, decentralized systems are (...) less vulnerable to cyber-attacks and centralized ones are not. In this report, real life illustrations are used to justify the knowledge that the block chain security could serve as a saving grace for internet users. Also, this form of security seems to be the only way to eradicate all forms of insecurity in supply chain and IoT breaches for businesses. An in depth understanding on how the block chain system operates would show why it’s held with such high hopes and how it can be beneficial for a wide range of industries. However, this research also highlights some difficulties that might arise in implementing the block chain system. It also gives ways in which the system can be gradually implemented. Firstly, the government needs to make it mandatory for businesses that deal with national based confidential data to implement block chain in their supply chain system to boost security. Secondly, top company officials like C.E. O’s need to take genuine interest in the block chain technology by investing in its development and making it a part of employee training, which in the long run would benefit the economy and business in return. Thirdly, a merge of more public and private businesses would help push the use of block chain further. Lastly, the government should make the block chain technology easily accessible, making the official permission to implement -easy and cost effective. (shrink)

This paper argues that the plethora of experiments with decentralized social technologies (DSTs)—clusters of which are sometimes called “the Web 3.0 ecosystem” or “the Fediverse”—have brought us to a constitutional moment. These technologies enable radical innovations in social, economic, and political institutions and practices, with the potential to support transformative approaches to political economy. They demand governance innovation. The paper develops a framework of prudent vigilance for making ethical choices in this space that help to both grasp positive opportunities for (...) transformation and avoid the potentially problematic consequences. Most of our specific examples and concerns come from the blockchain/Web3 universe, as this has received the greatest investment, attention, and adoption to date. However, we aim to offer a framework for governance decision-making in conditions of uncertainty that applies more broadly to other DSTs. Specifically, under the framework of prudent vigilance, we propose a pragmatic, democratic, and pluralist approach to navigating bold experimentation with social practices and political economy enabled by these technologies. Our overarching goal is to provide a framework open to transformative improvement and constrained by guardrails and guiding values supportive of democracy, freedom, and pluralism. We take a relatively strong position, rather than simply laying out ethical issues and potential approaches. We seek to be provocative in order to spur further work and hope this paper will serve as a first bridge between academic philosophy and the DST community, which have hardly interacted to date. (shrink)

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates innovative and proactive cybersecurity measures. This paper explores the latest trends in cybersecurity, focusing on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Zero Trust security, and blockchain technology. A review of the literature highlights significant advancements and persistent challenges, including the security of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems and human-centric vulnerabilities. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of machine learning-based intrusion detection systems and Zero Trust implementation in a simulated environment. Results (...) demonstrate improved detection rates and reduced insider threat risks. This paper concludes by emphasizing future directions, such as quantum-resistant cryptography and collaborative cybersecurity frameworks, to secure the digital future. (shrink)

E-Government refers to the administration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to the procedures and functions of the government with the objective of enhancing the transparency, efficiency and participation of the citizens. E-Government is tough systems that require distribution, protection of privacy and security and collapse of these could result in social and economic costs on a large scale. Many of the available e-government systems like electronic identity system of management (eIDs), websites are established at duplicated databases and servers. An (...) established validation and management system could face a single failure point and the system is prone to Distributed Denial of Service Attacks (DDoS), denial of service attacks (DoS), malware and other cyber attacks. The execution of a privacy preserving and a secure decentralized system is enabled by the block chain technology. Here any third-party organizations do not have any control over the transactions of the Government. With the help of block chain technology, new and existing data are encapsulated within ledger or blocks, which are evenly distributed through the network in an enduring and sustainable way. The privacy and security of information are improved with the help of block chain technology, where distribution and encryption of data are performed through the total network. This analytical paper maps out the analysis of the security in the e-government system, utilizing the block chain technology that provides privacy and security of information and thereby enhancing the trust among the public sector. Qualitative and theoretical analysis is made for the proposed topic and implications of privacy and security of the proposed system is made. (shrink)

The shift to digital learning platforms has empowered students with access to a broader array of learning resources, interactive content, and personalized learning paths. However, millions of students, particularly those from rural areas or lower-income families, struggle to access these resources due to a lack of digital infrastructure, reliable internet connectivity, and affordability of devices. Furthermore, the role of teachers has evolved, requiring new pedagogical approaches and technical skills to effectively harness these digital tools.

Artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, virtual and augmented reality, (semi-)autonomous ve- hicles, autoregulatory weapon systems, enhancement, reproductive technologies and human- oid robotics – these technologies (and many others) are no longer speculative visions of the future; they have already found their way into our lives or are on the verge of a breakthrough. These rapid technological developments awaken a need for orientation: what distinguishes hu- man from machine and human intelligence from artificial intelligence, how far should the body be allowed (...) to be changed and what are the dangers and opportunities presented by these technologies? Many of these questions are also addressed to theology. For example, questions about the image of humanity, the understanding of creation, the ethics of technological body interventions or the moral status of robots. What does theology have to say about these technological developments? It is the right time for theology to scientifically explore tech- nologization and AI and to formulate answers. As technology changes the various areas of human life, society and the world around us, the places and topics of theology are also undergoing transformation. Puzio, Anna: Theology Meets AI: Examining Perspectives, Tasks, and Theses on the Intersection of Technology and Religion. In: Puzio, Anna/Kunkel, Nicole/Klinge, Hendrik (Hg.): Alexa, How Do You Feel About Religion? Theological Approaches to Technology and Artificial Intelligence (Theology and AI 1). Darmstadt: wbg 2023, S. 29–41. DOI: 10.53186/1030373. (shrink)

This special issue introduces the study of financial technologies and finance to the field of philosophy of technology, bringing together two different fields that have not traditionally been in dialogue. The included articles are: Digital Art as ‘Monetised Graphics’: Enforcing Intellectual Property on the Blockchain, by Martin Zeilinger; Fundamentals of Algorithmic Markets: Liquidity, Contingency, and the Incomputability of Exchange, by Laura Lotti; ‘Crises of Modernity’ Discourses and the Rise of Financial Technologies in a Contested Mechanized World, by Marinus (...) Ossewaarde; Two Technical Images: Blockchain and High-Frequency Trading, by Diego Viana; and The Blockchain as a Narrative Technology: Investigating the Social Ontology and Normative Configurations of Cryptocurrencies, by Wessel Reijers and Mark Coeckelbergh. (shrink)

By the end of the course students will be able to: - Analyze the issues caused by anonymization and financial virtualization -Develop a clear understanding of Digital Identity and the legal aspects of it - Identify the functioning of cryptocurrencies, blockchain and « digital cash » - Understand the reconfiguration of the balance of power between "traditional" financial actors and new financial players. - Assess the latest developments in cryptocurrency law - Explain new risks in terms of financial security (...) - Develop a prospective analysis on new financial technologies. (shrink)

As healthcare technologies rapidly progress, a paramount concern arises: are individuals adequately prepared for the current challenges accompanying these advancements? Despite regulatory measures in place, the persistent issue of privacy demands heightened attention and prioritization. This essay aims to consistently underscore the significance of privacy in the evolving landscape of healthcare technologies, fostering a future where the advantages of these innovations are managed with responsibility. We present an ethical analysis addressing privacy apprehensions in emerging healthcare technologies, accompanied by recommendations for (...) viable solutions to address these pressing concerns. It is concluded that hasty acceptance of new healthcare technology should be resisted, advocating instead for the allocation of resources and time to address privacy issues associated with emerging healthcare innovations. This commitment is indispensable for the well-being of patients, healthcare providers, technology enterprises, policymakers, activists, and the public. (shrink)

Sustainable Finance is the procedure of taking Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into consideration when making financial investment decisions (Zheng et al., 2021). Changing climate, moderation, adaptation, and the larger environment are all causes of environmental issues. Conservation of biodiversity, pollution avoidance, and circular economics are all part of it. Labor relations, investments in human capital and communities, and human rights challenges are examples of social factors. The governance of governmental and non - governmental businesses, including management structures, employee (...) relations, and executive payment, is critical in ensuring that social and environmental factors . (shrink)

The article investigates the potential for blockchain technology to be used for charity reasons. Problems in this field need the introduction of new storage mechanisms and the flow of information between donors, foundations, contribution receivers, and other charity players to assure data privacy, fund integrity, and donation control. Using the blockchain to ensure data security and the capacity to track the movement of funds and transactions would pique the interest of potential donors in nonprofit organisations. In this (...) essay, the writers look at the requirements and burgeoning blockchain-based charity networks in Russia and around the world. They show how distributed registry systems can be utilised to build a forum for charitable donation making and tracking. During their research, the authors worked with local funds and non-profits to validate the solution, learn more about ecosystem needs, and publish their results in the paper. Donors are wary of how their funds are handled. Blockchain technology is being employed in a wide range of sectors right now. Payments will be made via blockchain technology. The donation and fund-transfer process is transparent. It is required to construct a single database for tracking donations that will track all donation, transaction, and donor information. The goal of this article is to illustrate how a blockchain-based framework for tracking donations was implemented. The System, which is based on blockchain technology, enables contributors, charitable foundations, and recipients with open accounting of operations. (shrink)

Authors have written of antitrust’s demise in the face of blockchain technology which, supposedly, achieves the goals of the law, through private ordering, without a need for the law. Most importantly of all, public permissionless blockchains offer the vision of disintermediation – the end of the platform economy troubling many scholars today. At the same time, blockchain technology presents challenges to the doctrine and enforcement of antitrust. Finally, blockchain community governance allows for private ordering of (...) antitrust, i.e., enforcement of rules attempting to protect competition, which are at the same time illegal, not coming from the courts or agencies they constitute competition wrongs themselves. -/- I argue that all three claims are overstated and propose a synthesis of the law and code. The legal doctrine can be modified to tackle the novel technological landscape quite easily, with adoption of novel legal fictions. This is necessary since blockchains – both public and even more so private ones – while ingenious, do not remove a need for the law to protect the market from anti-competitive conduct. Indeed, even public ledgers have power structures allowing for abuse, while private blockchains may, in fact, allow for its proliferation. The law, thus, needs to find a regulatory access point to the ledgers. This is not an easy task: however, cooperation of blockchains with the law, and encoding of antitrust rules on the ledgers themselves, offers a possibility of a reconciliation between the law and the code. At the same time, this lends legitimacy to pro-competitive actions of those cyberspace communities and ensures a preservation of the rule of law. This is the blockchain antitrust synthesis. (shrink)

Cooperation is vital to our survival and progress. Evolutionary game theory offers a lens to understand the structures and incentives that enable cooperation to be a successful strategy. As artificial intelligence agents become integral to human systems, the dynamics of cooperation take on unprecedented significance. The convergence of human-agent teaming, contract theory, and decentralized frameworks like Web3—grounded in transparency, accountability, and trust—offers a foundation for fostering cooperation by establishing enforceable rules and incentives for humans and AI agents. We conceptualize Incentivized (...) Symbiosis as a social contract between humans and AI, inspired by Web3 principles and encoded in blockchain technology, to define and enforce rules, incentives, and consequences for both parties. By exploring this paradigm, we aim to catalyze new research at the intersection of systems thinking in AI, Web3, and society, fostering innovative pathways for cooperative human-agent coevolution. (shrink)

The agentic web refers to a vision of the internet where AI agents play a central role in facilitating interactions, automating tasks, and enhancing user experiences. Realizing this vision requires us to rethink how we govern the internet. Within the agentic web, the promise of AI systems becoming more decentralized and autonomous represents unique challenges and opportunities for governance, necessitating innovative approaches to ensure responsible integration into society. Toward this end, we propose the Know Your Agent framework, designed to manage (...) Decentralized AI agents through identity verification, behavioral monitoring, and accountability mechanisms. Our approach integrates protocol science and legal engineering, utilizing blockchain technology to support these efforts. (shrink)

In recent years discussions centered around digital inheritance have increased among social media users and across blockchain ecosystems. As a result digital assets such as social media content cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens have become increasingly valuable and widespread, leading to the need for clear and secure mechanisms for transferring these assets upon the testators death or incapacitation. This study proposes a framework for digital inheritance using soulbound tokens and the social recovery pallet as a use case in the Polkadot (...) and Kusama blockchain networks. The findings discussed within this study suggest that while soulbound tokens and the social recovery pallet offer a promising solution for creating a digital inheritance plan the findings also raise important considerations for testators digital executors and developers. While further research is needed to fully understand the potential impacts and risks of other technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing this study provides a primer for users to begin planning a digital inheritance strategy and for developers to develop a more intuitive solution. (shrink)

This document articulates the foundational principles, legal frameworks, and strategic imperatives underpinning the establishment of Imperium Romanum a sovereign Digital Nation-State. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis grounded in international relations, legal theory, economics, and historical prece- dents. The focus is on addressing the existential threats posed by blockchain technology, AI, social impact bonds, digital identification systems, and social engineering practices that collectively risk transforming individuals into un- witting digital subjects—a violation of international laws prohibiting unlawful imprisonment (...) and forced labor. By asserting sovereignty over unclaimed territories such as Marie Byrd Land in Antarctica for research purposes, Imperium Romanum seeks to legitimize its physical presence in accordance with international law, including the Antarctic Treaty System. This document employs advanced legal argumentation, referenc- ing precedent cases and established legal theories, to advocate for the voluntary acceptance of citizenship within Imperium Romanum as a means to counteract the unstoppable technological innovations in Web3 and FinTech that threaten individual autonomy and liberty. (shrink)

As Bitcoin continued to make headlines in 2021, additional digital assets such as non-fungible tokens brought more users into the blockchain ecosystem. As more individuals and entities took a closer look at the use cases for blockchain technology, the term metaverse began to emerge across news outlets and social media platforms. With Mark Zuckerberg, the Chief Executive Officer of Facebook, announcing that the organization would become a metaverse company and change the organization’s name to Meta, this announcement (...) came with some criticism in that the Meta metaverse would be centralized. In this case study, the current state of nation-states was viewed through the lens of Hobbes’ The Leviathan to assess whether decentralized metaverses will transition to a Digital Leviathan using Bit. Country-a metaverse within the Polkadot blockchain ecosystem. The case study was conducted through interviews and uncovered that the quadruple bottom line implemented in conventional business could be transferrable to a digital world built on various blockchains, non-fungible tokens, and governance in a Digital Leviathan governed by the people. (shrink)

In this chapter, we philosophically reflect on the concept of innovation. To this end, we distinguish between the innovation process and outcome dimension, and between the ontic and ontological dimension of innovation. The ontic dimension of innovation concerns beings like new artefacts, and the ontological dimension concerns the being of these beings. These distinctions lead to four characteristics of our understanding of innovation with several implications for the object of innovation and its novelty, as well as for the temporality and (...) human involvement in innovation practices. It will turn out that innovation concerns the ontogenetic process in which primarily a world is constituted - i.e. the digital world - in which the invention of new artefacts - i.e. blockchain technology - is embedded. This ontogenetic process doesn’t follow a chronological temporal order, but is constituted by a temporal iterative process. Human creativity is involved in this ontogenetic process as co-creative capacity. In section three, we show the advantage of our conceptualization of innovation and its implications for contemporary and future alternative theories of innovation. (shrink)

As the value of a university degree plummets, the popularity of digital microcredentials has soared. Similar to recent calls for the early adoption of Blockchain technology, the so-called ‘microcredentialing craze’ could be no more than a fad, marketing hype or another case of ‘learning innovation theater’. Alternatively, the introduction of these compact skills- and competency-based online certificate programs might augur the arrival of a legitimate successor to the four-year university diploma. The thesis of this article is that the (...) craze for microcredentialing reflects (1) administrative urgency to unbundle higher education curricula and degree programs for greater efficiency and profitability and (2) a renascent movement among industry and higher education leaders to reorient the university curriculum towards vocational training. (shrink)

AI and the Universal Law of Economic Balance: A Homeostatic Model for Sustainable Prosperity -/- Introduction -/- Modern economies are primarily driven by the profit motive, which, while encouraging innovation and efficiency, often leads to wage stagnation, wealth inequality, and resource exploitation. The imbalance between corporate profits, wages, purchasing power, and market demand has resulted in recurring economic crises, social unrest, and environmental degradation. -/- To resolve these systemic issues, economic policies must align with the universal law of balance in (...) nature, ensuring that financial systems function as self-regulating ecosystems rather than unstable, profit-driven markets. Achieving this balance requires both gradual reform and fundamental restructuring, first at the national level and then integrated into a global economic framework. -/- The key to Implementing and maintaining this balance lies in artificial intelligence (AI), which can analyze economic conditions in real time and adjust wages, prices, taxation, and resource distribution to maintain stability. However, to prevent AI from becoming a tool of economic control for powerful entities, it must be open-source, decentralized, and governed by ethical principles. -/- This essay explores how AI-driven economic balance can replace market-driven instability with a self-regulating, sustainable model that ensures fair wages, stable prices, and equitable wealth distribution. -/- The Problem: Profit Motive and Economic Imbalance -/- The traditional economic system relies on profit margins to sustain businesses. However, when companies focus on maximizing profits, several imbalances emerge: -/- 1. Lower Wages Reduce Purchasing Power -/- When businesses lower costs to remain competitive, wages stagnate. -/- Lower wages mean consumers cannot afford the products they produce. -/- 2. Weaker Demand Forces Businesses to Cut Costs Further -/- If people cannot buy goods, businesses cut jobs and wages further, deepening the problem. -/- Economic growth becomes dependent on debt, leading to financial instability. -/- 3. Wealth Concentration Creates Social and Political Instability -/- Extreme profit accumulation among a small elite leads to economic inequality. -/- Governments either increase taxes (which businesses resist) or cut social services (which leads to public unrest). -/- This cycle of imbalance proves that unregulated profit-seeking is unsustainable. Instead, an economy must be structured to self-regulate, ensuring a balance between wages, prices, profits, and demand. -/- A Homeostatic Economic Model: Balancing Wages, Prices, and Profits -/- A homeostatic economic model ensures that all components of the economy—wages, prices, profit margins, taxation, and demand—adjust dynamically to maintain stability. The following reforms would create this balance: -/- 1. Wage-Price Equilibrium -/- Wages must be indexed to productivity and inflation, ensuring purchasing power remains stable. -/- Profit-sharing incentives should be standardized, allowing workers to benefit from company success. -/- 2. Profit Regulation Without Killing Innovation -/- Essential industries (e.g., healthcare, food, energy) should have profit caps to prevent price exploitation. -/- Businesses that reinvest in worker wages, technology, or sustainability should receive tax breaks. -/- 3. Market Demand and Supply Stability -/- Governments and businesses must collaborate to prevent artificial scarcity and price manipulation. -/- Tax policies should support lower-income groups, ensuring their purchasing power remains intact. -/- 4. Dynamic Feedback Mechanism for Economic Stability -/- Economic decisions must be based on real-time data, avoiding speculation-based policies. -/- Policies should be adjustable based on changes in market conditions, preventing booms and busts. -/- These policies require both national reforms and global cooperation, ensuring that no single country or corporation can disrupt the balance for personal gain. -/- AI as the Key to Homeostatic Economic Balance -/- Maintaining economic balance in real time is too complex for human policymakers alone. This is where artificial intelligence (AI) can play a critical role in: -/- 1. Real-Time Wage and Price Adjustments -/- AI can analyze inflation, productivity, and cost of living to dynamically adjust wages and prices. -/- 2. Profit Optimization Without Exploitation -/- AI can track corporate profits and suggest profit-reinvestment policies that benefit workers and society. -/- 3. Smart Taxation and Wealth Redistribution -/- AI-driven progressive taxation models ensure fair wealth distribution while preventing economic stagnation. -/- 4. Market Demand and Supply Optimization -/- AI can predict consumer demand shifts and help businesses adjust production to prevent shortages or oversupply. -/- 5. Global Trade and Resource Management -/- AI can analyze trade patterns to ensure fair pricing and sustainable resource allocation worldwide. -/- 6. Public Awareness and Education -/- AI can identify economic misconceptions and suggest educational initiatives to promote financial literacy. -/- For AI to function effectively in this role, it must operate under ethical and decentralized governance to serve humanity rather than corporate or political interests. -/- Ensuring AI Remains Open-Source and Decentralized -/- To prevent AI from being misused as a tool of economic control, its development and governance must follow these principles: -/- 1. Open-Source AI for Economic Balance -/- AI models should be transparent and publicly auditable to prevent hidden biases. -/- Developers from multiple disciplines should contribute to ensure fairness and accuracy. -/- 2. Decentralized Governance Model -/- AI should be managed through global economic councils, not a single government or corporation. -/- Blockchain technology can ensure transparency in AI-driven economic decisions. -/- 3. Ethical Safeguards Against Manipulation -/- AI decisions should prioritize sustainability and human well-being over profit. -/- Economic policies should be auditable in real-time by independent researchers and civil organizations. -/- Failsafe mechanisms must prevent AI from implementing harmful policies due to data misinterpretation. -/- By ensuring AI-driven economic balance is open-source, decentralized, and ethically governed, it can create a self-correcting system that prevents economic crises, stabilizes wealth distribution, and ensures long-term prosperity. -/- Implementation Strategy: Gradual Reform Leading to Systemic Change -/- Since economic transition cannot happen overnight, a phased approach is necessary: -/- Phase 1: National-Level Reforms -/- 1. Implement wage-price indexing and profit-sharing policies. -/- 2. Reduce corporate taxes for businesses that reinvest in workers and sustainability. -/- 3. Introduce regulated price stabilization for essential goods. -/- Phase 2: Global Economic Integration -/- 1. Establish international economic councils to guide balance-driven policies. -/- 2. Reform global trade agreements to prioritize fair wages and sustainability. -/- 3. Create a universal economic sustainability index to track progress. -/- Phase 3: AI-Governed Dynamic Economic System -/- 1. Develop real-time AI monitoring for wage-price adjustments. -/- 2. Implement AI-driven smart taxation to prevent wealth inequality. -/- 3. Ensure AI operates under decentralized, transparent governance. -/- Conclusion: The Future of an AI-Driven Balanced Economy -/- By integrating AI with economic policy, we can create a self-regulating economic system that follows the universal law of balance, preventing both extreme poverty and extreme wealth accumulation. This homeostatic economic model ensures that profits, wages, prices, and demand remain in equilibrium, fostering sustainable prosperity for all. -/- . (shrink)

-/- The Paradox of Internet Innovation: Driven by Advertising Profits -/- The internet was originally designed as a tool for sharing information and enhancing communication. However, in the modern era, the driving force behind its rapid technological innovation is not purely knowledge sharing or connectivity—it is profit from digital advertising. The world’s largest internet companies, including Google, Meta (Facebook), and TikTok, generate the majority of their revenue from advertisements. This has created a paradox: technological advancements in AI, search engines, cloud (...) computing, and social media are often dictated not by the most beneficial innovations for users but by what maximizes advertising revenue. -/- This reality is puzzling. The internet, which many see as a global platform for education, communication, and empowerment, is largely shaped by the need to capture user attention for ad revenue. This essay explores how advertising fuels internet innovation, the unintended consequences of this model, and potential alternatives for sustaining technological progress. -/- How Advertising Fuels Internet Innovation -/- Advertising has become the financial backbone of the internet, funding platforms and services that billions of people use daily. Companies continuously invest in technology to enhance ad targeting, user engagement, and content delivery. Some of the most significant areas of innovation driven by advertising include: -/- 1. Data Collection and Artificial Intelligence (AI) -/- To optimize advertisements, companies use advanced AI and machine learning algorithms to analyze user behavior. These systems refine targeted advertising, making ads more relevant to individuals. This has led to breakthroughs in AI capabilities, from natural language processing to image recognition. AI, originally developed to improve user experience, is now primarily focused on predicting what ads users will click on. -/- 2. User Engagement and Experience -/- Social media platforms, search engines, and entertainment services are designed to maximize user time spent online. Algorithms are constantly improved to recommend content that keeps users engaged. While this enhances user experience, it also raises concerns about addiction, echo chambers, and the spread of misinformation. Many companies optimize their platforms for engagement rather than truth, as more time spent online means more ad exposure. -/- 3. Infrastructure and Speed -/- The need for efficient ad delivery has led to innovations in cloud computing, high-speed networks, and data centers. Companies like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud have built vast infrastructures, initially to support ad-driven businesses, but later benefiting other industries, including healthcare, finance, and education. Without advertising revenue, many of these advancements might not have been possible, but it also means that technological priorities are shaped by commercial interests rather than societal needs. -/- 4. New Business Models and the Digital Economy -/- The advertising-driven internet has given rise to influencer marketing, programmatic ad buying, and personalized promotions. These innovations have reshaped how businesses reach consumers, making the internet a major economic force. However, this also means that content creators, journalists, and even educational platforms are pressured to produce material that attracts views rather than informs or educates. -/- The Paradox: Is Innovation Being Misguided? -/- While advertising has undeniably fueled technological progress, it has also created a paradox. The internet’s evolution is largely dictated by what generates the most revenue for advertisers rather than what is most beneficial for society. This raises several key concerns: -/- Prioritizing Engagement Over Truth: Social media algorithms are optimized to keep users engaged, sometimes at the cost of promoting sensational or misleading content. Viral misinformation can spread rapidly because controversy attracts more clicks. -/- Privacy and Surveillance Issues: To refine ad targeting, companies collect vast amounts of personal data, raising ethical concerns about surveillance and data misuse. Many users are unaware of how much data is being collected and monetized. -/- Monopolization of the Internet: A few major corporations control most digital ad revenue, leading to concerns about market competition, censorship, and corporate influence over information. Smaller platforms struggle to compete with advertising giants like Google and Meta. -/- Without the overwhelming influence of advertising, would the internet have evolved differently? If revenue came primarily from subscriptions, public funding, or decentralized models, innovation might have been more focused on user privacy, open knowledge, and ethical technology development. -/- Can Advertising Sustain Long-Term Innovation? -/- Advertising has certainly accelerated technological progress, but its sustainability as the primary driver of innovation is questionable. The over-reliance on ad revenue has led to problems such as ad fatigue, declining user trust, and regulatory crackdowns on data privacy. As awareness of these issues grows, companies are being pressured to rethink their business models. -/- Potential alternatives to the advertising-driven internet include: -/- Subscription-Based Models: Platforms like Netflix, Patreon, and paid versions of YouTube show that users are willing to pay for ad-free, high-quality content. This model could reduce reliance on surveillance-driven advertising. -/- Publicly Funded Internet Initiatives: Governments or non-profits could fund essential digital services, reducing dependence on commercial advertising. A state-funded search engine or social media network could prioritize unbiased information over engagement metrics. -/- Decentralized and Open-Source Systems: Blockchain technology and decentralized platforms could allow users to control their own data and revenue generation. These technologies could create a more equitable internet economy. -/- However, these alternatives come with their own challenges. Subscription models may create inequality, where only those who can afford to pay get the best experience. Public funding could lead to government control and censorship. Decentralization, while promising, requires mass adoption and significant changes in internet infrastructure. -/- Conclusion -/- The internet’s rapid innovation, largely fueled by advertising profits, has created both opportunities and challenges. While advertising has driven advancements in AI, cloud computing, and user engagement, it has also led to privacy concerns, monopolization, and the prioritization of engagement over truth. This paradox raises the question of whether internet innovation is being guided in the right direction. -/- Ultimately, the future of internet innovation may depend on whether society can balance profit incentives with the broader interests of humanity. If advertising continues to dominate, innovation will likely remain focused on engagement and consumerism. But if alternative funding models gain traction, the internet could evolve in a way that prioritizes user well-being, ethical technology, and the pursuit of knowledge. -/- The internet is a reflection of the incentives that shape it. If we want an internet that serves humanity rather than just advertisers, we must rethink how it is funded and who controls its future. -/- . (shrink)

The internet has made the world more linked than ever before. While taking advantage of this online transition, cybercriminals target flaws in online systems, networks, and infrastructure. Businesses, government organizations, people, and communities all across the world, particularly in African countries, are all severely impacted on an economic and social level. Many African countries focused more on developing secure electricity and internet networks; yet, cybersecurity usually receives less attention than it should. One of Africa's major issues is the lack of (...) adequate digital security infrastructure, which has harmed businesses, governmental institutions, and individual communities more than it has helped. The majority of African countries operate without cybersecurity measures in place to combat cyberattacks. Only a few examples of today's cyber risks include digital extortion, business email intrusion, data breaches, online fraud, ransomware, and phishing, and new types of cybercrime are always developing. Due to the advent of new technology, cybercriminals have become more organized and quicker in their attacks and alliance creation. To maintain a secure digital environment for all internet users, this study focused on the challenges, solutions, and need for African countries to improve their online safety by tackling cybercrime, online fraud, and cybersecurity concerns. The objective of this study is to offer practical and long-term answers to the problems posed by cybercrime, with a continuing emphasis on enhancing online safety. It will assess the effectiveness of cutting-edge cybersecurity measures, legislative frameworks, and cross-border cooperative efforts, as well as potential areas for improvement. Additionally, the study will examine cutting-edge methods like blockchain technology, machine learning, and other cutting-edge methods that could improve our using digital defences to stop cybercrime. (shrink)

Revista IT & C este o publicație trimestrială din domeniile tehnologiei informației și comunicații, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică. -/- Cuprins: -/- EDITORIAL / EDITORIAL -/- Challenges and Limitations in the Use of Artificial Intelligence Provocări și limitări în utilizarea inteligenței artificiale -/- TEHNOLOGIA INFORMAȚIEI / INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -/- Impact of Big Data Technology on Contemporary Society Impactul tehnologiei Big Data asupra societății contemporane -/- Methods, Techniques and Patterns of Advanced Persistent Threats – APT Lifecycle Metode, (...) tehnici și modele ale amenințărilor persistente avansate – Ciclul de viață al APT -/- TELECOMUNICAȚII / TELECOMMUNICATIONS -/- The Revolutionary Role of Blockchain Technology in Communication Rolul revoluționar al tehnologiei blockchain în comunicare -/- PROGRAMARE / PROGRAMMING -/- AI Algorithms Used in National Security Algoritmi IA utilizați în securitatea națională -/- SECURITATE CIBERNETICĂ / CYBER SECURITY -/- Cyber Security and Cyber Warfare Securitatea cibernetică și războiul cibernetic -/- Advanced Persistent Threats in Cyber Security Amenințările Persistente Avansate în securitatea cibernetică -/- ISSN 2821-8469 ISSN-L 2821-8469, DOI: 10.58679/IT15115. (shrink)

Presentation and comparison of the main causal theories of reference for proper names, and a proposal of a new approach based on the analogy of the causal chain of reference with the block chain from blockchain technology and Paul Ricœur's narrative theory. After a brief Introduction in which the types of sentences from the concept of possible worlds are reviewed, and an overview of the theory in the Causal Theory of Reference, I present the causal theory of the (...) reference proposed by Saul Kripke, then two hybrid causal theories developed by Gareth Evans and Michael Devitt. In the section Blockchain and the causal tree of reference I present my idea of developing a new causal theory of reference for proper names through a causal tree of reference. In the Conclusions I talk about the further development of the ways in which the terms of reference could refer to certain objects and individuals, the main criticisms of the causal theories, and suggestions for future development. -/- CONTENTS: -/- Abstract Introduction 1. The causal theory of reference 2. Saul Kripke 3. Gareth Evans 4. Michael Devitt 5. Blockchain and the causal tree of reference Conclusions Bibliografie -/- DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26330.90562 . (shrink)

The monograph examines the current trends in the development of digital technologies in marketing, management and business administration. The prospects for the development of digital technologies in various sectors of the economy of Ukraine and the trends of the influence of digital technologies on global shifts in the systems of marketing management and business administration are determined. The transformations of business models in the conditions of the digital economy are analyzed, the impact of blockchain technologies on the development of (...) promising areas of the marketing management system and business administration is analyzed. Reasonable impact of digital technologies on the transformation of management systems in social, public, legal and administrative spheres and various sectors of the economy. The contours of the formation of the digital economy in the sectors of economic activity and the social sphere have been developed. (shrink)

The convergence of cloud computing, blockchain technology, and the emerging era of quantum computing presents significant challenges for data security. This research tackles these growing vulnerabilities by introducing a comprehensive security framework that integrates Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), CRYSTALS-Kyber, and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) to protect data in cloud-based blockchain systems. The primary goal is to safeguard information against quantum threats through QKD, a quantum-secure cryptographic protocol. To enhance resilience against quantum attacks, the framework employs CRYSTALSKyber, a lattice-based (...) encryption mechanism. Additionally, ZKPs are utilized to strengthen privacy and verification processes within cloud and blockchain ecosystems. A key aspect of this study is the performance evaluation of the proposed framework, focusing on encryption and decryption efficiency, quantum key generation rates, and overall system performance. The analysis examines practical considerations such as file size, response time, and computational overhead to assess the framework’s real-world applicability. The findings highlight the framework’s effectiveness in mitigating quantum threats and securing cloud-based blockchain storage. By addressing critical gaps in both theoretical research and practical implementation, this study provides valuable insights for organizations seeking quantum-resistant data security solutions. The framework’s efficiency and scalability demonstrate its feasibility, offering a roadmap for securing cloud environments against the evolving challenges posed by quantum computing and blockchain integration. (shrink)