This paper argues that the practical implementation of blockchain technology can be considered an institution of property similar to legal institutions. Invoking Penner's theory of property and Hegel's system of property rights, and using the example of bitcoin, it is possible to demonstrate that blockchain effectively implements all necessary and sufficient criteria for property without reliance on legal means. Blockchains eliminate the need for a third-party authority to enforce exclusion rights, and provide a system of universal access to knowledge and (...) discoverability about the property rights of all participants and how the system functions. The implications of these findings are that traditional property relations in society could be replaced by or supplemented with blockchain models, and implemented in new domains. (shrink)

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution to address the issues of trust, transparency, and security in digital transactions. By enabling decentralized and immutable records of transactions, blockchain offers a reliable mechanism for ensuring the integrity and traceability of data. Initially popularized by cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, the applications of blockchain technology have expanded into a variety of industries, including finance, healthcare, supply chain management, and voting systems. This paper explores how blockchain is revolutionizing trust and transparency in digital (...) transactions, examining its fundamental principles, applications, challenges, and future potential. (shrink)

This paper argues that many so-called digital technologies can be construed as notational technologies, explored through the example of Monegraph, an art and digital asset management platform built on top of the blockchain system originally developed for the cryptocurrency bitcoin. As the paper characterizes it, a notational technology is the performance of syntactic notation within a field of reference, a technologized version of what Nelson Goodman called a “notational system.” Notational technologies produce abstracted entities through positive and reliable, or constitutive, (...) tests of socially acceptable meaning. Accordingly, this account deviates from typical narratives of blockchains, instead demonstrating that blockchain technologies are effective at managing digital assets because they produce abstracted identities through the performance of notation. Since notational technologies rely on configurations of socially acceptable meaning, this paper also provides a philosophical account of how blockchain technologies are socially embedded. (shrink)

In an increasingly digital world, ensuring the security and transparency of financial transactions is paramount for businesses across industries. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized, immutable ledger, offers a transformative solution to enhance financial transaction security, traceability, and transparency. SAP, a global leader in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, is integrating blockchain technology into its platforms to provide organizations with secure, transparent, and efficient financial processes. By leveraging blockchain in SAP S/4HANA, SAP Cloud Platform, and SAP Leonardo, businesses can enable (...) real-time financial transactions, reduce fraud, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology with SAP systems, discussing its benefits, challenges, and real-world applications in financial transactions, while also providing a roadmap for organizations looking to adopt this integrated approach. (shrink)

: Blockchain technology has gained significant attention for its ability to provide secure, transparent, and decentralized applications, particularly in areas such as finance, supply chain management, and healthcare. However, the adoption and implementation of blockchain solutions can be complex, especially for organizations that lack the technical expertise and resources required to manage blockchain infrastructure. Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) offers a solution by providing cloud-based blockchain platforms that allow businesses to build, host, and manage blockchain applications without the need for significant investment in (...) hardware or specialized knowledge. This paper explores the concept of BaaS in the cloud, its benefits for enabling secure and transparent decentralized applications, and the key features of blockchain platforms provided by major cloud service providers (CSPs). Additionally, the paper highlights real-world use cases and challenges in implementing BaaS, and discusses the future prospects of this technology in driving innovation across industries. (shrink)

Randomization is an integral part of well-designed statistical trials, and is also a required procedure in legal systems. Implementation of honest, unbiased, understandable, secure, traceable, auditable and collusion resistant randomization procedures is a mater of great legal, social and political importance. Given the juridical and social importance of randomization, it is important to develop procedures in full compliance with the following desiderata: (a) Statistical soundness and computational efficiency; (b) Procedural, cryptographical and computational security; (c) Complete auditability and traceability; (d) Any (...) attempt by participating parties or coalitions to spuriously influence the procedure should be either unsuccessful or be detected; (e) Open-source programming; (f) Multiple hardware platform and operating system implementation; (g) User friendliness and transparency; (h) Flexibility and adaptability for the needs and requirements of multiple application areas (like, for example, clinical trials, selection of jury or judges in legal proceedings, and draft lotteries). This paper presents a simple and easy to implement randomization protocol that assures, in a formal mathematical setting, full compliance to the aforementioned desiderata for randomization procedures. (shrink)

Technologies currently have a tremendous impact on all spheres of economy, business and a state. They integrally change people’s conception of trade, property, and market entities interaction. Artificial intelligence, additive, informationommunication, green technologies, biotechnologies, and blockchain technologies development and implementation confirm their leadership importance and inevitability in relation to the activities traditional approaches. In the modern world only the companies with flexible vision, equipment and technologies able to instantly reform, adapt to new conditions and challenges, will benefit. The point at (...) issue is Industry 4.0 as a new technological mode emergence. (shrink)

About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which (...) I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable. -/- CONTENTS: -/- Abstract Introducere Tehnologia blockchain - Proiectare - Modele Bitcoin Filosofia Ontologii - Ontologii narative - Ontologii de intreprindere Concluzii Note Bibliografie -/- DOI: 10.58679/MM73548, ISBN 978-606-033-222-0. (shrink)

With DLT’s success in driving the development of cryptocurrency (such as Bitcoin), the technology bridged to a myriad of knowledge-based applications, most notably in the areas of commerce, industry and government . In the language of technology sector insiders, these areas were ‘disrupted’ by Blockchain. Some higher education analysts, technology industry insiders and futurists have claimed that Blockchain technology will inevitably disrupt higher education in a similarly dramatic fashion. The aim of this commentary is to introduce a healthy dose of (...) realism into the hype-filled atmosphere of the Blockchain-for-higher-education narrative. A postdigital approach is taken because it treats digital and non-digital technologies as having equal material and cultural standing as candidates to transform higher education. (shrink)

Blockchain, denumit inițial lanț de blocuri, este o listă în continuă creștere de înregistrări numite blocuri, care comunică între ele prin mesaje criptografiate. Fiecare bloc conține un hash criptografic al blocului anterior, un marcaj de timp și datele tranzacției. Prin proiectare, un blockchain este "un registru deschis, distribuit, care poate înregistra tranzacțiile între două părți eficient și într-un mod verificabil și permanent", de obicei gestionat de o rețea peer-to-peer care aderă la un protocol pentru comunicarea între noduri și validarea de (...) noi blocuri. După înregistrare, datele dintr-un bloc dat nu pot fi modificate retroactiv fără modificarea tuturor blocurilor ulterioare, ceea ce necesită consensul rețelei. 10.13140/RG.2.2.33938.91848 . (shrink)

Dans un article précédent, The Philosophy of blockchain technology - Ontologies, j'ai parlé de l'application de la théorie narrative de Paul Ricœur dans le développement d'une ontologie de la technologie blockchain. Dans cette section, j'ai l'intention de mettre en évidence l'idée d'une analogie entre la technologie blockchain et les théories causales de la référence. Dans la mesure où la poursuite de l'élaboration de cette idée se révélera viable, je vais essayer de développer une théorie basée sur cette analogie. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24843.21282 (...) . (shrink)

In the healthcare sector, the need for privacy-preserving and secure data sharing is paramount, especially as the volume of medical data continues to grow due to advancements in big data and digital health technologies. To address these challenges, a hybrid blockchain and big data framework offers a promising solution for secure medical data sharing. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized and immutable ledger that ensures the security, transparency, and privacy of medical data. However, traditional blockchain systems face scalability and efficiency issues (...) when handling large-scale datasets, such as electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging data, and real-time health monitoring data. By integrating big data technologies into the blockchain infrastructure, the hybrid framework can leverage the strengths of both systems to enable efficient and privacy-preserving medical data sharing. This paper proposes a hybrid framework that combines the immutability and security of blockchain with the scalability and processing power of big data analytics. Through the use of smart contracts, healthcare institutions can securely share medical data while maintaining compliance with regulations like HIPAA and GDPR. The framework also incorporates privacy-preserving mechanisms such as zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) and differential privacy to protect patient data during data sharing. This paper provides a detailed analysis of current challenges in medical data sharing and presents a novel hybrid blockchain and big data solution that enhances the security, privacy, and scalability of healthcare systems. (shrink)

Enterprise ontology for blockchain transactions includes datalogical, infological and essential levels. OntoClean analyzes ontologies based on formal, domain-independent properties (metaproperties), being the first attempt to formalize the notion of ontological analysis for computer systems. The notions are extracted from the philosophical ontology. In the semantic web, a property is a binary relationship, with a subtle distinction between ownership and class. Thus, a metaproperty is a property of a property or a class. The design of ontology can be done when there (...) is a basic understanding of the blockchain analysis. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23158.96327 . (shrink)

The integration and security of healthcare data are crucial challenges in the modern healthcare system, driven by the increasing digitization of medical records, diagnostic data, and patient health information. The need for secure, interoperable, and efficient data management systems has become essential, especially as healthcare providers strive to offer better care and reduce operational inefficiencies. Traditional systems often suffer from issues like data breaches, lack of interoperability, and inefficient data handling processes, resulting in compromised data integrity and patient privacy.

Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems (DCPS) are increasingly vulnerable to security threats due to their complex, interconnected nature. Traditional security mechanisms struggle to ensure trust, integrity, and resilience against malicious attacks and system failures. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a promising solution to enhance security in DCPS. This paper explores the integration of blockchain with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) to address security challenges in DCPS. PBFT consensus mechanisms enable systems to function reliably even in the presence of (...) malicious nodes, ensuring fault tolerance and data integrity. By leveraging blockchain and BFT, this approach mitigates single points of failure, enhances trust among distributed components, and secures communication against cyber threats. This paper presents a detailed analysis of blockchain-based PBFT models for DCPS security, evaluating their performance, scalability, and resilience. The findings demonstrate that integrating blockchain with PBFT enhances system reliability, improves data authenticity, and strengthens overall cybersecurity in DCPS environments. (shrink)

Corruption in public institutions is a significant problem that stifles economic, social and environmental development worldwide. This predominates when there is a lack of transparency, inadequate record-keeping, and low public accountability. Accordingly, the questions this paper intends to provide answers to are two-fold. Firstly, what are the recurring patterns of procurement corruption in the South Africa (SA) public sector? Secondly, how can digital technology deployment assist in checking this trend? Desktop method was adopted through literature examination of studies relating to (...) corruption, procurement, blockchain and digitization. We conclude by proposing a model/framework for adopting and using blockchain technology in public institutions to minimise corruption and the time taken for contract document preparation and acceptance. This study contributed to knowledge by evaluating the issues associated with public procurement and how blockchain and digitization can be adopted to help stern the tide of corruption in public institutions. (shrink)

The 21st century is undergoing an unprecedented productivity shift due to the use of disruptive technologies, including artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, big data, robotics, and augmented reality, among others. The use of these technologies is expanding across all sectors of the economy, blurring the boundaries between different activities, and digital systems are permeating them, leading to a reevaluation of knowledge and techniques in various fields of study. Accounting is not exempt from this reality, and blockchain technology is emerging as (...) a methodology that brings about substantial changes in topics that have been the conceptual and technical foundation of the discipline, such as double-entry bookkeeping. -/- This essay aims to approach blockchain from two objectives. The first is to present blockchain technology as a tool for accounting. This technology enables a paradigm shift in accounting by providing more transparent, secure, and reliable information. This leads to a review and reconsideration of certain roles of professionals in the field of economics, such as the external auditor as a guarantor of the reasonableness of accounting information. The conceptual frameworks related to the topic and how blockchain enables the incorporation of a third distributed ledger are presented. -/- The second approach of the essay seeks to analyze the responses of accounting regulations to a new type of assets that arise with the advent of blockchain, such as cryptocurrencies in general. The position adopted by the IASB is shown, which fails to provide a convincing response and has led to different regulatory bodies in various countries adopting their own positions. The result of the analysis is presented in a comparative table. -/- The essay concludes by reflecting on the changes brought about by this new technology and the role that academia should play. (shrink)

The problem of corruption in Ukraine has been examined, as well as Blockchain technology application feasibility in combating the phenomenon has been analyzed in the article. Blockchain instrumental features and properties, making the technology unique and determining its potential applications in many sectors of the economy, have been covered with much attention. The authors have analyzed both advantages and obstacles for a distributed data registry implementation. Analysis of benchmarks and application of the best practices of Blockchain technology in the public (...) sector, including fiscal process, have been presented in the study. Profound interest in exploring the technology feasibility has been emphasized on the part of the world's leading governments. Information on pilot Blockchain projects in the public sector of Ukraine has been presented. The article focuses on the fact that alongside with the technology area and ways of scaling its application, a new era of digital society development is emerging. (shrink)

Despre necesitatea şi utilitatea dezvoltării unei filosofii specifice tehnologiei blockchain, accentuând pe aspectele ontologice. După o Introducere în care evidenţiez principalele direcţii filosofice pentru această tehnologie emergentă, în Tehnologia blockchain explicitez modul de funcţionare al blockchain, punând în discuţie direcţiile ontologice de dezvoltare în Proiectarea şi Modelarea acestei tehnologii. Următoarea secţiune este dedicată principalei aplicaţii a tehnologiei blockchain, Bitcoin, cu implicaţiile sociale ale acestei criptovalute. Urmează o secţiune de Filosofie în care identific tehnologia blockchain cu conceptul de heterotopie dezvoltat de (...) Michel Foucault şi o interpretez în lumina tehnologiei notaţionale dezvoltată de Nelson Goodman ca sistem notaţional. În secţiunea Ontologii dezvolt două direcţii de dezvoltare considerate de mine ca importante: Ontologia narativă, bazată pe ideea de ordine şi structură a istoriei transmise prin naraţia istoriei a lui Paul Ricoeur, şi un sistem ontologic bazat pe Ontologiile de intreprindere, bazat pe conceptele şi modelele de intreprindere specifice webului semantic, şi pe care eu îl consider cel mai bine dezvoltat şi cel care va deveni, probabil, sistemul ontologic formal, cel puţin în ceea ce priveşte aspectele economice şi juridice ale tehnologiei blockchain. În Concluzii vorbesc despre direcţiile viitoare de dezvoltare a filosofiei tehnologiei blockchain în general ca o teorie explicativă şi robustă din punct de vedere fenomenologic, consistentă şi care să permită testabilitatea, şi a ontologiilor în special, argumentând pentru necesitatea unei adopţii globale a unui sistem ontologic pentru a dezvolta soluţii transversale şi a rentabiliza tehnologia. -/- Cuvinte cheie: filosofie, blockchain, ontologie, bitcoin, proiectare, modele -/- CUPRINS -/- Abstract Introducere Tehnologia blockchain - - - Proiectare - - - Modele Bitcoin Filosofia Ontologii - - - Ontologii narative - - - Ontologii de intreprindere Concluzii Note Bibliografie -/- DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25492.35204. (shrink)

This chapter discusses cryptocurrency, distributed ledger technology and blockchain tokens within the context of technological innovation, the history of money and accounting practices, and their multiple functionalities beyond those of standard currencies. This discussion is motivated by the design of cryptocurrencies for specific community needs, and to reflect anti-rival, positive sum value.

Ontology engineering, along with semantic Web technologies, allow the semantic development and modeling of the operational flow required for blockchain design. The semantic Web, in accordance with W3C, "provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries" and can be seen as an integrator for various content, applications and information systems. The most widely used blockchain modelling system, by abstract representation, description and definition of structure, processes, information and resources, is the (...) enterprises modelling. Enterprise modelling uses domain ontologies by model representation languages. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19062.24642. (shrink)

Unified Modeling Language (UML) of Object Management Group, along with Object Constraint Language (OCL), are considered as the best fit for blockchain ontology. OCL is a declarative language that describes the rules applicable to UML models and is part of the UML standard. Initially, OCL was just an extension of the formal specification language for UML. Now, OCL can be used with any meta-model. Enterprise ontology is combined with the business ontology of Resources, Events, Agents (REA) to be used for (...) the content of the change. REA was originally proposed in 1982 by William E. McCarthy as generalized accounting model. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14744.14083. (shrink)

In a previous article, Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - Ontologies, I talked about applying Paul Ricœur's narrative theory in developing an ontology of blockchain technology. In this article I intend to highlight the idea of an analogy between blockchain technology and the causal theories of reference. Such a theory can be interpreted as a result of syntactic notation in a reference field, based on the narrative theory developed by Paul Ricœur in Time and Narrative. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26682.95684.

Conceptul de heterotopie digitală implică o modalitate de a descrie și analiza relația specială și evolutivă dintre statul contemporan și banii digitali, inclusiv criptovalutele derulate prin blockchain. Caracteristicile statului sunt afectate prin conexiunea cu monedele digitale. Sistemele sociale își creează propriile limite și se mențin în viață conform logicii lor interne, care nu derivă din mediul sistemului. Deci, sistemele sociale sunt închise din punct de vedere operațional și autonome - interacționează cu mediul lor și există o creștere generală a entropiei, (...) dar sistemele individuale lucrează pentru a se menține și pentru a-și păstra ordinea internă. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12790.75843. (shrink)

In recent years, the combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention, especially in the healthcare domain. With the increasing reliance on biomedical signal processing for disease diagnosis and treatment, ensuring the security, privacy, and integrity of data has become paramount. Biomedical signals, including electrocardiograms (ECG), electroencephalograms (EEG), and other physiological data, often contain sensitive information. AI models have shown great promise in processing and interpreting these signals, enabling accurate disease detection and personalized healthcare. However, the (...) potential for data tampering, unauthorized access, and privacy concerns pose significant challenges. Blockchain, with its decentralized, tamper-resistant, and secure framework, offers a solution to these challenges. By integrating Blockchain with AI for biomedical signal processing, data can be securely stored, verified, and accessed, ensuring that healthcare providers can rely on the integrity and accuracy of the signals used in AI-based diagnostics. This paper explores the role of Blockchain-enhanced AI solutions for secure biomedical signal processing and data integration, addressing both the technical and ethical challenges in this space. We propose a system that leverages Blockchain to manage the secure transfer and storage of biomedical signals while utilizing AI to analyze and interpret these signals in real time. Blockchain provides an immutable ledger for auditing and validating data provenance, ensuring that the data remains secure throughout the healthcare pipeline. The integration of these two technologies not only enhances the security of biomedical data but also enables more trustworthy AI-driven diagnostics and decision-making in healthcare. (shrink)

This project focuses on the development of a decentralized e-wallet system that utilizes blockchain technology to enable secure and transparent cryptocurrency transactions. The e-wallet allows users to store, send, and receive cryptocurrency without relying on third-party intermediaries. The system is built on the Ethereum blockchain with Ganache serving as the local blockchain development and testing environment. User data, such as profiles and transaction history, is managed using MySQL. This project does not implement smart contracts or additional security features, instead relying (...) on JavaScript for both frontend and backend operations. The results from testing indicate that the system is efficient, scalable, and provides secure peer-to-peer transaction capabilities. (shrink)

Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems (DCPS) are increasingly vulnerable to security threats due to their complex, interconnected nature. Traditional security mechanisms struggle to ensure trust, integrity, and resilience against malicious attacks and system failures. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a promising solution to enhance security in DCPS. This paper explores the integration of blockchain with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) to address security challenges in DCPS. PBFT consensus mechanisms enable systems to function reliably even in the presence of (...) malicious nodes, ensuring fault tolerance and data integrity. By leveraging blockchain and BFT, this approach mitigates single points of failure, enhances trust among distributed components, and secures communication against cyber threats. This paper presents a detailed analysis of blockchain-based PBFT models for DCPS security, evaluating their performance, scalability, and resilience. The findings demonstrate that integrating blockchain with PBFT enhances system reliability, improves data authenticity, and strengthens overall cybersecurity in DCPS environments. (shrink)

Social ontology is concerned with the nature of the social world, constituents, or building blocks of social entities in general. Some theories claim that social entities are built from people's psychological states, others are built up of actions, others from practice, and other theories deny that even a distinction can be made between social and non-social. There are different philosophical views on how the ontological significance of narrative can contribute to our understanding of the social world and the way in (...) which social reality is modeled. Some researchers consider that narrative is an instrumental cognitive skill or linguistic tool, while others regard it as an ontological category related to how people exist in the world, or understand human life as a narrative. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14051.09763. (shrink)

State features are affected by the connection with digital coins. Social systems create their own limits and remain alive according to their internal logic, which does not derive from the system environment. So, social systems are operationally and autonomously closed - interacting with their environment and there is a general increase in entropy, but individual systems work to maintain and preserve their internal order. Autopoietic systems (like the state, with the tendency to maintain the inner order with a remarkable degree (...) of independence from the outside world) may contrast with allopoietic ones. It results in a state with a finite influence area, but recently troubled by the new forms of digital money and the corresponding infrastructure. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28007.80803 . (shrink)

Capitalism has become able to appropriate economically and quantitatively our “qualitative field of life” and to destroy and create social relations based on debt mechanisms. In parallel, technologies such as blockchain are expected to disrupt business practices and social interactions as they are currently conceived. For Brian Massumi, blockchain is what we need to resist capitalism and escape its pervasiveness, as it can help us “reinvent” the concept of value within broader collective arrangements. In this article, the author argues against (...) this assumption; blockchain is still inadequate for effectively resisting the pernicious effects of capitalism, and decentralized technologies cannot replace the hard work of politics. (shrink)

In the past decade, blockchain technology has garnered significant attention from a diverse array of industries. Despite the fact that blockchain technology was initially developed for the Bitcoin P2P cryptocurrency network, there has been a recent surge in interest in its potential integration with other service sectors. In the domain of machine-to-machine commerce, distributed ledger technologies, as seen in blockchain systems, have recently been hailed as potential platforms. A decentralised network architecture, security, immutability, and transparency are among the primary attributes (...) of blockchains. The unalterable nature of blockchain ledgers enables members to rely on one another, thereby increasing performance and participation. Scalability and security are substantial challenges for blockchain technology. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the emergence of blockchain technology and various methods for addressing the scalability issues associated with distributed ledgers. (shrink)

De par sa conception, une blockchain est "un grand livre ouvert et distribué capable d'enregistrer les transactions entre deux parties de manière efficace, vérifiable et permanente", généralement gérée par un réseau d'égal à égal adhérant à un protocole communication de nœud et validation de nouveaux blocs. Après l'enregistrement, les données de chaque bloc ne peuvent pas être modifiées de manière rétrospective sans modifier tous les blocs suivants, ce qui nécessite un consensus du réseau. La blockchain peut être considérée comme un (...) système de conception sécurisé, distribué, avec une tolérance élevée aux erreurs. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16651.34082. (shrink)

Le concept d'hétérotopie numérique est un moyen de décrire et d'analyser la relation particulière et évolutive entre l'État contemporain et la monnaie numérique, y compris les crypto-monnaies passant par la blockchain. Les caractéristiques de l'État sont affectées par la connexion avec les monnaies numériques. Les technologies numériques peuvent également être interprétées comme des technologies notationnelles, résultant respectivement de la notation syntaxique dans un champ de référence (système notationnel). L'ontologie sociale s'intéresse à la nature du monde social, aux constituants ou aux (...) éléments constitutifs des entités sociales en général. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29738.98244. (shrink)

Complex technology has become an essential aspect of everyday life. We rely on technology as part of basic infrastructure and repeatedly for tasks throughout the day. Yet, in many cases the relation surpasses mere reliance and evolves to trust in technology. A new, disruptive technology is blockchain. It claims to introduce trustless relationships among its users, aiming to eliminate the need for trust altogether—even being described as “the trust machine”. This paper presents a proposal to adjust the concept of trust (...) in blockchain applications with the tools provided by conceptual engineering. Its goal is to propose a concept of trust, that offers more than a halo term, devoid of the normative depth that the original, philosophical term actually carries. To evaluate possible concepts of trust in blockchain applications, five criteria are proposed: These criteria ensure that the conceptual relation indeed embodies trust, thereby being richer than mere reliance, and that the chosen concept highlights the active role of the trustor. While the concepts of trust in engineers and trust in algorithms have to be discarded, institutional trust emerges as a viable candidate, given some refinements. Ultimately, the concept of trust by normative expectations and attribution is suggested to capture the essence of trust in blockchain applications. (shrink)

This chapter discusses cryptocurrency, distributed ledger technology and blockchain tokens within the context of technological innovation, the history of money and accounting practices, and their multiple functionalities beyond those of standard currencies. This discussion is motivated by the design of cryptocurrencies for specific community needs, and to reflect anti-rival, positive sum value.

Tracking and goal setting are popular approaches in the personal health and fitness industry. In this paper we use a similar approach to assist users in their journey for a more sustainable lifestyle, starting with food. We employ Action Design Research (ADR) methodology to develop an application and subsequently propose design principles for developing blockchain-based applications for assisting users on their path to eating environmentally friendly food. The path to a sustainable lifestyle can be hard as individuals often do not (...) realize their personal impact towards achieving a net zero carbon future. To address this shortcoming, this study conducts an ADR experiment to create affordances for users to learn, create impact and realize that they are not alone in this journey thus motivating users to a sustainable lifestyle. The design principles that emerged from the project are design for categories and labels, design for measuring collective impact, and design for rewards and redemption. (shrink)

Nghiên cứu khảo sát 120 nhân viên và quản lý thuộc 31 ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) Việt Nam, sử dụng mô hình chấp nhận và sử dụng công nghệ - UTAUT để xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc áp dụng công nghệ chuỗi (Blockchain) trong việc chuyển giao dữ liệu giữa các ngân hàng. Kết quả cho thấy, Sự hỗ trợ pháp lý điều tiết sự ảnh hưởng của nhân tố Niềm tin và sự yêu thích (...) công nghệ đến Khả năng áp dụng Blockchain. Hơn nữa, những nhân tố, như: Nỗ lực mong đợi, Điều kiện thuận lợi và Hiệu quả mong đợi đều tác động tích cực đến Khả năng áp dụng Blockchain trong chuyển giao dữ liệu tại các ngân hàng. Kết quả nghiên cứu là cơ sở để đề xuất một số giải pháp cho các NHTM Việt Nam nhằm nâng cao khả năng áp dụng thành công Blockchain trong tương lai gần. -/- [This study surveyed 120 employees and managers of 31 commercial banks in Vietnam, using the model unified theory of acceptance and use of technology - UTAUT to identify factors affecting the application of chain technology (Blockchain) in data transfer between banks. The results show that legal support moderates the influence of Trust and love of technology on the Likelihood of Blockchain adoption. Furthermore, factors such as Expected effort, Favorable conditions, and Expected efficiency all positively impact the ability to apply Blockchain in data transfer at banks. The research results are the basis for proposing several solutions for Vietnamese commercial banks to improve the ability to successfully apply Blockchain soon.]. (shrink)

L'ingénierie ontologique, associé aux technologies du Web sémantique, permet la modélisation sémantique et le développement du flux opérationnel requis pour la conception de la technologie blockchain. Le système de modélisation blockchain le plus utilisé, par la représentation abstraite, la description et la définition de la structure, des processus, des informations et des ressources, est la modélisation des entreprises. La modélisation d'entreprise utilise des ontologies de domaine utilisant des langages de représentation du modèle. Bitcoin est le principal système de paiement pair-à-pair (...) et cryptomonnaie qui utilise la technologie de la blockchain. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25379.50726. (shrink)

Ingineria ontologică, împreună cu tehnologiile Web semantice, permit modelarea și dezvoltarea semantică a fluxului operațional necesar pentru proiectarea TB. Cel mai utilizat sistem de modelare blockchain prin reprezentarea abstractă, descrierea și definirea structurii, a proceselor, a informațiilor și a resurselor, este modelarea intreprinderilor. Modelarea intreprinderii utilizează ontologiile de domeniu folosind limbaje de reprezentare a modelului. Bitcoin este principalul sistem de plată peer-to-peer şi monedă digitală care folosește tehnologia blockchain. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35908.99201 .

Few recent developments in information technology have been as hyped as blockchain, the first implementation of which was the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Such hype furnishes ample reason to be skeptical about the promise of blockchain implementations, but I contend that there’s something to the hype. In particular, I think that certain blockchain implementations, in the right material, social, and political conditions, constitute excellent bases for common knowledge. As a case study, I focus on trust in election outcomes, where the ledger records (...) not financial transactions but vote tallies. I argue that blockchain implementations could foster warranted trust in vote tallies and thereby trust in the democratic process. Finally, I argue that if the promise of blockchain implementations as democratic infrastructure is to be realized, then democracies first need to ensure that these material, social, and political conditions obtain. (shrink)

Abstract—The purpose of this study is to highlight and prove the positive impact in which blockchain could have on today’s IoT environment in terms of providing Cybersecurity for not just organizations, but other individuals who share data via the internet. The current IoT environs operates on a centralized cloud based server, meanwhile block chain operates on a decentralized server. The differentiation between the both plays a major role in the level of security they both provide; whereby, decentralized systems are less (...) vulnerable to cyber-attacks and centralized ones are not. In this report, real life illustrations are used to justify the knowledge that the block chain security could serve as a saving grace for internet users. Also, this form of security seems to be the only way to eradicate all forms of insecurity in supply chain and IoT breaches for businesses. An in depth understanding on how the block chain system operates would show why it’s held with such high hopes and how it can be beneficial for a wide range of industries. However, this research also highlights some difficulties that might arise in implementing the block chain system. It also gives ways in which the system can be gradually implemented. Firstly, the government needs to make it mandatory for businesses that deal with national based confidential data to implement block chain in their supply chain system to boost security. Secondly, top company officials like C.E. O’s need to take genuine interest in the block chain technology by investing in its development and making it a part of employee training, which in the long run would benefit the economy and business in return. Thirdly, a merge of more public and private businesses would help push the use of block chain further. Lastly, the government should make the block chain technology easily accessible, making the official permission to implement -easy and cost effective. (shrink)

The heightened digitization of the healthcare industry has led to an exponential increase in sensitive patient data, which requires robust security models to prevent breaches, unauthorized access, and cyber attacks. Traditional security protocols are inadequate, and this has made it imperative to explore Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain as novel solutions. AI enhances healthcare cybersecurity by facilitating real-time anomaly detection, predictive analysis, and automated threat response, while blockchain offers decentralization, immutability, and secure data sharing. However, blockchain technology faces major challenges (...) for scalability and performance, as represented by lengthy transaction processing durations and high storage demands, elements that could deter its widespread adoption across the healthcare industry. To help counter these challenges, researchers are exploring Layer 2 scaling solutions, hybrid blockchain architectures, and off-chain storage strategies. In addition, cleanroom technology provides a controlled and secure environment for handling sensitive healthcare data, protecting privacy while also supporting AI-driven analytics and research collaboration. This article critically examines the intersection of blockchain and AI for healthcare security, in terms of challenges, use cases, and direction. Leveraging these technologies, health organizations can set up future-proof models of security that address data integrity, regulatory requirements, and resistance to future threats more effectively. (shrink)

With the advent of globalization and the evergrowing rate of technology, the volume of production as well as ease of procuring counterfeit goods has become unprecedented. Be it food, drug or luxury items, all kinds of industrial manufacturers and distributors are now seeking greater transparency in supply chain operations with a view to deter counterfeiting. This paper introduces a decentralized Blockchain based application system (DApp) with a view to identifying counterfeit products in the supply chain system. With the rapid rise (...) of Blockchain technology, it has become known that data recorded within Blockchain is immutable and secure. Hence, the proposed project here uses this concept to handle the transfer of ownership of products. A consumer can verify the product distribution and ownership information scanning a Quick Response (QR) code generated by the DApp for each product linked to the Blockchain. (shrink)

This paper explores the possibility of a standard legal language (e.g. English) for a principled evolution of law in line with technological development. In doing so, reference is made to blockchain networks and smart contracts to emphasise the discontinuity with the liberal legal tradition when it comes to decentralisation and binary code language. Methodologically, the argument is built on the underlying relation between law, semiotics and new forms of media adding to natural language; namely: code and symbols. In what follows, (...) I will concentrate on the study of factors that explain why such approach can be fruitful for the future of law and innovation. I have three reasons for selecting this topic. The first is a more pragmatic reason, based on my current research of law as a linguistic phenomenon. Secondly, the topic does also touch the matter on binary code language, rivalrous to legal alphabetic language. Lastly, the study aims at emphasizing the pivotal role of the jurist as an interpreter in a changing society accommodating diverging realms of reality. The study is structured as follows. Firstly, a quick exam of the traits of blockchain networks would provide the contextual link to establish the arguments in support of the need of a standard legal language. Secondly, a comparison between liberal legal institutions and theory of semiotics is set to perceive their functioning and ascertain their limits in the light of todays unprecedented changes. Thirdly, a summary on blockchain networks’ legal features would constitute the thrust behind the idea of a uniform legal language. Methodologically, the argument does also establish some relations with classical laws of physics and philosophy of media. Its aim is to demonstrate how the suggested legal interpretation and semiotic-based approach can contribute to overcome existing stumbling blocks including, but not limited to, the lack of cooperation at the international level as well as the gap in State norms when it comes to innovation. In this sense, the proposed strategies do not intend to replace current advances in the legal thought. In contrast, it seeks to harmonise their results providing a methodical approach that can concur to inform a new technique to address new controversial issues. In practice, the proposed method regarding the adoption of a uniform legal language would lower transactive costs in terms of normative coordination in the matter of international cooperation and in the definition of applicable law among different legal systems. Alternatively, it might contribute to the convergence of legal systems and/or their underlying concepts. Differently put, article’s contribution can be envisaged in fostering juridical consistency with regards to different forms of languages’ coexistence. (shrink)

Ricoeur a examinat o serie de forme diferite de discurs extins, începând cu discursul metaforic. Discursul narativ este una din formele investigate, configurând concepte eterogene care identifică acțiunile într-un moment în care un lucru se întâmplă nu numai după altceva, ci și din cauza altui lucru dintr-o poveste sau istorie care poate fi urmată. Reformează evenimentele fizice ca evenimente narative, care au sens deoarece spun ceea ce se întâmplă într-o poveste sau într-o istorie. Narațiunile sunt întotdeauna o sinteză a conceptelor (...) eterogene care configurează episoadele povestirii. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33109.99048. (shrink)

Ontologia de intreprindere face o distincție clară între nivelul datalogic, infolog și esențial al tranzacțiilor cu blockchain și contractele inteligente. Metodologia OntoClean analizează ontologiile bazate pe proprietăți formale, independente de domenii ale claselor (metaproprietăți), fiind prima încercare de a formaliza noțiunile de analiză ontologică pentru sistemele informatice. Noțiunile sunt extrase din ontologia filosofică. În webul semantic, o proprietate este o relație binară. Distincția dintre proprietate și clasă este subtilă. Astfel, o metaproprietate este o proprietate a unei proprietăți sau a unei (...) clase. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33456.51207. (shrink)

Broadly defined, government corruption is the abuse of public power for private gain. It can assume various forms, including bribery, embezzlement, cronyism, and electoral fraud. At root, however, government corruption is a problem of trust. Corrupt politicians abuse the powers entrusted to them by the electorate (the principal-agent problem). Politicians often resort to corruption out of a lack of trust that other politicians will abstain from it (the collective action problem). Corruption breeds greater mistrust in elected officials amongst the public. (...) The problem of trust is compounded where a lack of transparency and asymmetric information impede effective control over the exercise of public powers. (shrink)

De la nécessité et de l'utilité de développer une philosophie spécifique pour la technologie de la blockchain, mettant l'accent sur les aspects ontologiques. Après une Introduction qui met en évidence les principales orientations philosophiques de cette technologie émergente, dans La technologie blockchain j’explique le fonctionnement de la blockchain, en analysant les directions de développement ontologique de cette technologie dans Conception et modélisation. La section suivante est consacrée à la principale application de la technologie de la blockchain, Bitcoin, avec les implications (...) sociales de cette crypto-monnaie. Il suit une section de Philosophie dans laquelle j'identifie la technologie de la blockchain au concept d'hétérotopie développé par Michel Foucault et je l'interprète à la lumière de la technologie de notation développée par Nelson Goodman en tant que système de notation. Dans la section Ontologie, je présente deux voies de développement que j'estime importantes: une Ontologie narrative, basée sur l'idée d'ordre et de structure de l'histoire transmise à travers l'histoire narrative de Paul Ricoeur, et le système de l'Ontologie d'entreprise basé sur des concepts et des modèles d'entreprise, spécifiques au Web sémantique, que je considère comme le plus développé et qui deviendra probablement le système ontologique formel, du moins en ce qui concerne les aspects économiques et juridiques de la technologie de la blockchain. Dans Conclusions, je parle des orientations futures du développement de la philosophie de la technologie blockchain en général en tant que théorie explicative et robuste d’un point de vue phénoménologique cohérent, qui permet la testabilité et les ontologies en particulier, en plaidant pour la nécessité de l’adoption globale d’un système ontologique afin de développer des solutions transversales et de rentabiliser cette technologie. -/- SOMMAIRE: -/- Abstract Introduction La technologie blockchain - Conception - Modèles Bitcoin Philosophie Ontologies - Ontologies narratives - Ontologies d'entreprise Conclusions Bibliographie Notes -/- DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22996.14724 . (shrink)

L'ontologie d'entreprise établit une distinction claire entre le niveau de données, le niveau d'information et le niveau essentiel des transactions blockchain et des contrats intelligents. La méthodologie OntoClean analyse des ontologies basées sur des propriétés formelles, indépendantes des domaines (méta-propriétés), constituant la première tentative de formalisation des concepts d'analyse ontologique pour des systèmes informatiques. Les notions sont extraites de l'ontologie philosophique. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12557.49120 .

The integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offers a transformative approach to data integration in smart healthcare systems. As healthcare systems generate vast amounts of sensitive and complex data, efficient and secure integration is critical to improving patient outcomes, optimizing medical workflows, and ensuring data privacy. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized and immutable data-sharing platform that ensures the security, integrity, and privacy of medical records. Concurrently, AI plays a pivotal role in processing and analyzing these vast datasets to (...) derive meaningful insights, automate diagnostics, and predict patient outcomes. This paper proposes an advanced data integration framework for smart healthcare systems by leveraging the strengths of both blockchain and AI technologies. The blockchain component ensures secure and transparent data exchange between healthcare providers, patients, and researchers, while AI algorithms are employed to process the integrated data for predictive analysis, diagnostics, and personalized treatment recommendations. Through a review of current approaches to data integration and an exploration of emerging technologies, this paper demonstrates how blockchain and AI can be combined to address challenges related to healthcare data privacy, interoperability, and efficiency. The proposed framework offers a comprehensive solution to advancing smart healthcare systems through secure data integration and intelligent decision-making. (shrink)