El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales cambios que implicará para aquellos ejercicios iniciados a partir del 1 de enero de 2018, la entrada en vigencia de la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera (NIIF) 15 – Ingreso de Actividades Ordinarias Procedentes de Contratos con Clientes- sustituyendo a las Norma Internacional de Contabilidad (NIC) 11 – Contratos de Construcción-, NIC 18 – Ingresos de Actividades Ordinarias-, Interpretación desarrollada por el Comité de Interpretaciones de las Normas Internacionales de Información (...) Financiera (CINIIF) 13 – Programas de Fidelización de Clientes-, CINIIF 15 – Acuerdos para la Construcción de Inmuebles-, CINIIF 18 – Transferencias de Activos procedentes de Clientes-, e Interpretación desarrollada por el Comité de Interpretaciones de Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (SIC) 31 – Ingresos-Permutas de Servicios de Publicidad-. A tales efectos, analizaremos los principales lineamientos contables establecidos por la NIIF 15, a través del modelo de las cinco etapas y de otros aspectos que a nuestro entender son importantes presentando algunos casos prácticos para un mejor entendimiento. (shrink)

El tratamiento contable y fiscal de los ingresos por ventas de inmuebles a plazo requieren en la actualidad especial atención por diversos motivos. En materia contable, por el reciente cambio que esta normativa tuvo con la entrada en vigencia de la NIIF 15, aplicable a las operaciones de referencia, considerando las dificultades que por lo general tiene la adopción de nuevas normas contables. En materia fiscal, por la “pobre” redacción que a nuestro entender presenta el artículo 13 del Decreto (...) Nº 150/007 reglamentario del IRAE -que otorga un tratamiento fiscal particular a las operaciones en cuestión- y puede llevar a diversas interpretaciones, desde por ejemplo si su aplicación es obligatoria, hasta qué resultados quedan incluidos en el mismo. Otro motivo relevante es la consideración del componente financiero, siempre presente en este tipo de transacciones. Lo anteriormente expuesto, nos lleva a plantearnos la hipótesis de que en nuestro país existen diferentes interpretaciones en el tratamiento contable y fiscal de la operación en cuestión. A los efectos de demostrarla, y luego de un estudio de la normativa aplicable, se realizó un relevamiento de la situación actual sobre el tema de estudio en algunos de los principales estudios contables referentes en la materia. La investigación concluye en que la hipótesis planteada resulta ser parcialmente verdadera, ya que se constataron diversas interpretaciones en la aplicación de la normativa fiscal, pero no así en la contable, aunque en esta última, se detectaron casos de incumplimiento. En virtud de esas diversas interpretaciones, este equipo de investigación aporta el método que aplicaría al caso tratado. (shrink)

This is a very brief paper on subaltern songs.

This paper presents an investigation about the instant in Heidegger, articulating the analytics of Dasein by Being and Time with the thought of Ereignis. Therefore, it seeks to think, as a presupposition, the existence in his character of temporality. The human being is conceived as Dasein, i. e, in its fundamental relationship to the Being as such. The essence of Dasein is existence. The existence is grounded on Sorge (concern, care), which, in turn, is grounded on temporality. The most own (...) temporality brings together future, past and present in the dynamics of an anticipatory decision on which the man, accepting himself as being-unto-death, it becomes free for their power-to-be authentic, in a response of dedication and self-donation to the call of Being. This gather together future, past and present in the authentic existence, i.e, in the most own temporality: the instant. Keywords: existence; resolution; temporality; instant; man; Being. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el tratamiento de la permuta de Propiedades, Planta y Equipos de acuerdo a la Sección 17 de la NIIF para PYMES version 2009 vigente en el Uruguay.

El presente ensayo explora cuál es el tratamiento contable de los anticipos en moneda extranjera de acuerdo a las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF). Comienza analizando la NIC 21 en lo que respecta al tipo de cambio a considerar en las transacciones en moneda extranjera, el tratamiento posterior de las partidas en moneda extranjera y la diferencia entre partidas monetarias y no monetarias. Posteriormente desarrolla la CINIIF 22 “Transacciones en Moneda Extranjera y Contraprestaciones Anticipadas”. A efectos de comprender (...) la aplicación en la práctica en el Uruguay, se hizo una encuesta a empresas, en donde queda evidenciado que en la mayoría de los casos no se está cumpliendo la normativa vigente y se terminan reconociendo resultados financieros erróneamente. Este ensayo culmina con las reflexiones finales de los autores. (shrink)

Chapter 15 of the Philosophy of Happiness book by Martin Janello. Please see the Table of Contents for its contextual order. An audio version of this and all other sections of the book, an entire on-line review copy, and a host of other pertinent materials are available without charge at the referenced website.

In this paper, I want to look at Deleuze’s philosophical heritage in two different senses. In the first part of the paper, I explore his relationship to perhaps the most influential philosopher of the twentieth century, Martin Heidegger. Heidegger plays a central role in Deleuze’s early philosophy, and even when in his later collaborations with Guattari their explicit references to Heidegger are dismissive, Heidegger’s influence can clearly be detected, particularly in their critiques of other philosophers. In the second part of (...) the paper, I look at Deleuze’s own contribution to philosophy, and to see how this contribution has been assessed by one of the most influential contemporary French philosophers, Alain Badiou. For Heidegger, Deleuze, and Badiou, perhaps the central problem for philosophy emerges from thinking about totality. For all three, the traditional metaphysical view of totality, derived from Aristotle’s concept of paronymy, occludes rather than solves the problem of how we characterise our most general concepts. As we shall see, Heidegger’s diagnosis of metaphysics, as constituted by what he calls onto-theology, is shared by all three philosophers, while their responses to this diagnosis differ. Deleuze and Badiou both reject Heidegger’s poetics of being in favour of the language of mathematics, but the question I want to explore in the final part of the paper is, which mathematics? The mathematics of the continuous, or the mathematics of the discrete? (shrink)

The Contribution of Byzantine Scholars to Renaissance Aristotelianism It is widely known that the Byzantine scholars who fled to Italy during the fifteenth century contributed to Renaissance philosophy. They brought with them manuscripts and produced editions and translations of Greek philosophical texts. Despite the common view that their works were seminal for the development of Renaissance Platonism, a closer examination of the texts and their activity proves that they were mainly interested in Aristotelian philosophy. The vast majority of them did (...) not support Renaissance Platonism. On the contrary they defended both the Scholastic and Byzantine Aristotelianism. I argue that their stance was not the outcome of dogmatic reasons; in other words, a projection of the heated debate between Hesychasm and Thomism in late Byzantium. Rather, they realized that the Latin philosophical community actually ignored the rich commentary tradition of Late Antiquity, which had reinterpreted the Aristotelian corpus. As a result they offered to the Latin audience a different Aristotle, capable of overcoming the predominant Scholastic one, which was heavily attached to Averroism. (shrink)

This book focuses on the intellectual relations between the Byzantine world and Renaissance Italy in the 15th century. The book consists of five independent chapters, which aim to present the complex ways the two cultures interacted. In the first chapter I present the way Modern Greek identity is attached to philosophical discussions and debates among the Byzantine scholars of the 15th century. In the following two chapters I focus on the transmission of knowledge from Western Europe and the Arabic culture (...) to the Byzantine philosophical community and its reactions. The last two chapters are dedicated to George of Trebizond and his efforts to transfer the Byzantine philosophical and scientific research to Renaissance Europe in order to renew philosophy and science. In sum, I support that, besides mutual reservations and skepticism, the two worlds, Byzantine and Renaissance, interacted in mutual benefit. (shrink)

Được mừng tuổi có thích hay không, điều này còn tùy thuộc tính cách, quan niệm từng người. -/- Nhưng hôm nay, ngày đầu năm 1-1-2024, được mừng tuổi thì tôi cảm thấy rất thích thú. Vì đó chính là “em”: sales.

This thesis articulates a novel interpretation of Heidegger’s explication of the being (Seins) of gear (Zeugs) in §15 of his masterwork Being and Time (1927/2006) and develops and applies the position attributed to Heidegger to explain three phenomena of unreflective action discussed in recent literature and articulate a partial Heideggerian ecological metaphysics. Since §15 of BT explicates the being of gear, Part 1 expounds Heidegger’s concept of the ‘being’ (Seins) of beings (Seienden) and two issues raised in the ‘preliminary methodological (...) remark’ in §15 of BT regarding explicating being. §1.1 interprets the being (Sein) or synonymously constitution of being (Seinsverfassung) of a being (Seienden) as a regional essence: a property unifying a region (Region), district (Bezirk), or subject-area (Sachgebiet) – a highly general (‘regional’) class of entities. Although Heidegger posits two components of the being of a being, viz. material-content (Sachhaltigkeit, Sachgehalt) and mode-of-being (Seinsart) or way-of-being (Seinsweise, Weise des Seins, Weise zu sein) (1927/1975, 321), the unclarity of this distinction means that it does not figure prominently herein. §1.2 addresses Heidegger’s distinction between ontological and ontic investigations and his notion of ‘modes of access’ (Zugangsarten, Zugangsweisen). Part 2 expounds §15 of BT’s explication of the being of gear. §2.1 analyses Heidegger’s two necessary and sufficient conditions for being gear and three core basic concepts (Grundbegriffe) enabling comprehension of these conditions and therewith a foundational comprehension of gear. Heidegger explicates the being of gear through content of unreflectively purposeful, non-intersubjective intentional states. I term such states ‘mundane concern’, which is almost synonymous with Hubert Dreyfus’s term ‘absorbed coping’ (1991, 69). Heidegger’s explication highlights around-for references (Um-zu-Verweisungen) as the peculiar species of property figuring in mundanely concernful intentional content. §2.2 clarifies Heidegger’s position on the relationship between to-hand-ness (Zuhandenheit) and extantness (Vorhandenheit) in the narrow sense: two of Heidegger’s most widely discussed concepts. I reject Kris McDaniel’s recent reading of Heidegger as affirming that nothing could be both to-hand and extant simultaneously (McDaniel 2012). Part 3 develops and applies Heidegger’s phenomenology of mundane concern. §3.1 explains the phenomena of situational holism, situated normativity, and mundanely concernful prospective control. §3.2 undertakes the metaphysical accommodation of around-for references, which §3.1 posited as featuring prominently within mundanely concernful intentional content. This thesis thus contributes not only to Heidegger scholarship, but also to contemporary debates within the philosophy of action and cognitive science. (shrink)

With the approval and dissemination of CHED Memorandum Order Number 15, Series of 2019 in the Philippines, graduate students both in the Master of Science/Master of Arts Academic Track and Doctor of Philosophy Academic Track/Doctor of Philosophy by Research are now compelled to publish or, at least, show evidence of acceptance of research studies in refereed journals, or nationally or internationally indexed journals. Coriat (2019) claims that the value of research to society and its relationship to wealth and competitiveness has (...) long been established. But then, developing countries’ embrace, as in the case of the Philippines, of international publishing standards has received little attention (Vuong, 2019). As a result, publication pollution is growing by the day since developing-country writers including Filipino researchers lack expertise and mentoring (Jawaid, 2016). Thereupon, this policy review brings to the fore various deterrents in the fruition of students’ publications, pertinent questions than can stir waves of reflection among readers, professors, and administrators, to name a few, and mentorship as the saving grace for the emerging problems. Mentorship in this article means that the mentor and the mentee work hand in hand from research ideation to research presentation or publication. (shrink)

Kearns (2021) argues that there is a parody version of Anselm's ontological argument (a "gontological argument") which shows that God does not exist. I show that Anselm considers one of the key premises in Kearns' gontological argument, and explicitly gives an argument which entails its falsity, and hence the unsoundness of the supposed parody argument. -/- .

As information professionals know, the use of citation data and author metrics has become standard across the research landscape. Against the Grain contacted a number of citation research experts to get their perspectives on Scopus today, as well as suggestions for Elsevier in the future.

In IEEE 802.15.4 standard for low-power low-range wireless communications, only one channel is employed for transmission which can result in increased energy consumption, high network delay and poor packet delivery ratio (PDR). In the subsequent IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard, a Time-slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mechanism has been developed which allows for a periodic yet fixed frequency hopping pattern over 16 different channels. Unfortunately, however, most of these channels are susceptible to high-power coexisting Wi-Fi signal interference and to possibly some other ISM-band (...) transmissions. This interference manifests itself in the form of the presence/absence of other devices with either or both static and dynamic channel selection policies. In order to isolate channels with undesirable conditions, blacklisting mechanisms are defined to adapt the channel hopping process. However, the existing solutions which form blacklists unrealistically assume that the statistical model of the external interference remains fixed, and do not vary over time. In this paper, we realistically assume that the impact of external interferes on 802.15.4 may generally follow a non-stationary pattern, and accordingly formulate the adaptive channel hopping problem as a Dynamic Multi-Armed Bernoulli Bandit (Dynamic MABB) process from the machine learning theory. We then propose an online learning algorithm with track-ability properties for computing an adaptive hopping policy. Simulations confirm that when the statistics of the external interference has a switching regime, the proposed solution outperforms the previous schemes in terms of both energy efficiency as well as two important KPIs for TSCH-based networks, i.e., PDR and latency. (shrink)

Generally, it is common knowledge that humans have the same time, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 31 days a month, 365 days per year, but most of them do not know how to manage time and manage it to be something useful and effectively. That is because many people do not have the discipline in filling time. Those days are filled with things that are not directed, even worse is that filling the time of his or her (...) life with things that damage life. Even though wasting time is not unwise because it is a waste of the opportunity God has given and the time that has passed will not return, meaning that if the opportunity is not used, then the opportunity will be lost. How important is to redeem the time, especially for contemporary Christian leaders because all must be accountable to God. This study uses a research library. Library research is a literature study that is carried out by using relevant and available reading sources related to the topics discussed in the research. Books or journal articles related to the topics discussed are used as sources of reading to better understand time management and its application at the personal and organisational levels. From the various reading sources used, the writer develops this scientific article, including giving comments or critical comments that are conveyed in various parts of the writing, especially in the conclusions. (shrink)

Translation and Annotation of 'Svarajya Siddhi' of Gangadharendra Sarasvati from the nineteenth century. This text is considered one of the five Siddhi texts, the other four being Naishkarmya Siddhi, Advaita Siddhi, Ishta Siddhi, and Brahma Siddhi. These texts have a very great value in Advaita Vedanta.

VAN PRAAG (Paul), Introduction : le Père Henri Bosmans, histo­rien des mathématiques (pp. 7-16). SAUVAGE (Pierre), Notice biographique du Père Henri Bosmans (pp. 17-25). HERMANS (Michel), Henri Bosmans : sa formation et ses réseaux de rela­tions (pp. 27-72). DELANGHE (Richard), Quelques aspects de la vie et de l’œuvre de Paul Mansion (1844-1919) (pp. 73-82). BRIGAGLIA (Aldo), Saccheri vu par Corrado Segre en Italie et par Mansion et Bosmans en Belgique / traduit de l’italien par Bruna GAINO et Patricia RADELET-DE GRAVE (...) (pp. 83-104). MAWHIN (Jean), La tentative belge d’édition des œuvres complètes d’Euler vue par Henri Bos­mans (pp. 105-133). GOLVERS (Noël), Henri Bosmans, s.j., et la mission jésuite en Chine / traduit du néerlandais par Anne-Sophie MEURICE (pp. 135-152). ROMANO (Antonella), Henri Bosmans, jésuite et historien des mathéma­tiques dans la Belgique du premier XXe siècle (pp. 153-168). SAUVAGE (Pierre), Le Père Henri Bosmans et l’historiographie au tournant du XXe siècle (pp. 169-187). RADELET-DE GRAVE (Patricia), Le fonds Henri Bos­mans / avec un ajout de Michel HERMANS (pp. 189-215). MANSION (Paul), Correspondance de Paul Mansion adres­sée à Henri Bosmans / introduction, trans­cription et annotation par Michel HERMANS (pp. 217-251). HEEFFER (Albrecht) – HERMANS (Michel) – STOFFEL (Jean-François), Bibliographie d’Henri Bosmans (pp. 253-298). (shrink)

In fragments of the lost Protrepticus, preserved in Iamblichus, Aristotle responds to Isocrates’ worries about the excessive demandingness of theoretical philosophy. Contrary to Isocrates, Aristotle holds that such philosophy is generally feasible for human beings. In defense of this claim, Aristotle offers the progress argument, which appeals to early Greek philosophers’ rapid success in attaining exact understanding. In this paper, I explore and evaluate this argument. After making clarificatory exegetical points, I examine the argument’s premises in light of pressing worries (...) that the argument reasonably faces in its immediate intellectual context, the dispute between Isocrates and Aristotle. I also relate the argument to modern concerns about philosophical progress. I contend that the argument withstands these worries, and thereby constitutes a reasonable Aristotelian response to the Isocratean challenge. (shrink)

Currently, the situation regarding funding for scientific research activities at some universities is still limited, with investment being small and scattered. This issue was raised by Associate Professor Dinh Minh Hang, Head of the International Administration Department, during a dialogue session with Minister of Education and Training Nguyen Kim Son on August 15th .

Introduction to Synthisophy: roots, mission, description and conclusion.

Монография «Фундаментальный материализм. Философия реального мира» оформлена в виде авторизованного сборника ранее уже опубликованных автором в печати (монография «Думать или верить? Ода человеческой ослиности», 2015 г.) и в электронных изданиях интернета научно-популярных статей, посвященных фундаментальным вопросам мировой философии, включая анализ философских основ науки (астрономия, биология, медицина, история), атеизма и религии, а также взаимоотношениям естествознания, атеизма и религии как мировоззренческих систем в индивидуальном и общественном сознании человечества на протяжении всей его истории. Представленные работы автора как профессионального ученого и самобытного философа обобщают (...) его личный (без соавторов, консультантов, руководителей, рецензентов и цензоров) 15-летний ежедневный исследовательский опыт по осмыслению эволюции природы, общества и человеческого мышления, начиная с его первых, древних, примитивных представлений о мире и завершая современным научным мышлением, поддержанным развитой системой естественнонаучных знаний. Именно научные данные позволяют человеческому обществу преобразовывать и дополнять реальный мир рукотворной, искусственной реальностью, способствуя тем самым выживанию и духовному развитию человеческого рода. Источником рассуждений и философских обобщений автора стали как проведенный им критический анализ трудов многих мыслителей и философов прошлого, так и личный исследовательский опыт, накопленный автором в процессе почти полувековой научно-технической, теоретической и практической деятельности. Настоящий труд существенно отличается от многих традиционных в прошлом работ по философии науки, атеизма и религии, которые чаще всего ориентировались на поддержку господствующей в обществе идеологии, будь то коммунистическая, социалистическая, капиталистическая, феодальная, имперская, теократическая или иная. Автор, преодолев стереотипы, страхи и идеологические пристрастия, стал независимым исследователем-аналитиком, объективным, свободным и ответственным в своих оценках и выводах сложнейших явлений материального мира и его отражения в сознании человека. В основу представленных работ легли научный метод познания и система современных научных знаний, которые, вопреки известному в прошлом одиозному «принципу партийности», должны находиться вне любых идеологий, партий и классов (настоящая наука едина: нет «буржуазной» или «социалистической» науки, ибо общественные формации и идеологии меняются, а истинная наука остается). Вместе с тем, плоды науки, как и любые другие материальные и духовные ресурсы или ценности, являются в человеческом обществе предметом ожесточенной борьбы за их присвоение, использование и толкование в сугубо частных, корыстных, властных интересах и целях. Автор не приемлет такой подход. При написании данных статей автор пытался сделать их, несмотря на исторические масштабы охватываемых событий, максимально компактными по объему, емкими и точными по содержанию, достоверными по фактам и цифрам, доходчивыми по понятиям и смыслу. Главные принципы, которые автор стремился реализовать в процессе своего исследования, – это системность, связность, логичность, непротиворечивость, историчность, многоплановость, иерархичность и максимально возможная объективность. Читателю судить о том, достигнуты ли эти цели. Книга предназначена для руководителей учреждений культуры, образования и науки различных уровней, профессиональных философов и богословов, студентов колледжей и вузов соответствующей направленности, а также для всех критически мыслящих людей, стремящихся самостоятельно разобраться в том сложном мире, который им удалось посетить в краткий миг своего личного бытия. (shrink)

Bakhan 15-3-2023 -/- Giảo cổ lam là cây thuốc quý, mọc ở miền núi, ưa thích độ cao trên 500-600m so với mực nước biển.

(Third edition with additions) -/- This is a collection of short stories centering around the protagonist character, Kingfisher, originally written in Vietnamese by myself. -/- The book aims to introduce international readers to snippets of Vietnamese culture through the ordinary yet humorous life of the bird village. -/- The first 15 of these short stories were published in the Khoảng Lặng (Quiet Moment) column of the Vietnamese magazine Kinh Tế và Dự Báo (Economy and Forecast Review) from 2017 to 2019. (...) -/- However, this is the first time that the collection of all the Kingfisher stories has been published in its entirety, covering stories that have not been published elsewhere, including new stories written during 2023-2024. -/- The stories of Kingfisher are full of humor and satire while also deep in social commentary. I hope that the book brings readers joy and some food for thought, for beyond satire is genuine contemplation of the humanistic values in our lives. -/- Hanoi, August 21, 2024 -/- Quan-Hoang Vuong -/- (Incld. Artworks by Bui Quang Khiem and Dam Thi Thu Ha). (shrink)

Abstract: In chapter 15 of A Materialist Theory of the Mind, D.M.Armstrong offers an account of what he calls “the biological value of introspection”, namely, that “without information…about the current state of our minds, purposive trains mental activity would be impossible.” This paper examines and assesses Armstrong’s “Just-so story about introspective consciousness”—as W.G.Lycan later called it. One moral will be that appreciating this aspect of Armstrong’s view blurs the difference between his own perceptual model of introspection, and the anti-perceptual models (...) advanced by such critics as Sydney Shoemaker . (shrink)

On March 14-15, 2006, at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD there took place the first Upper Ontology Summit (UOS). This was a convening of custodians of several prominent upper ontologies, key technology participants, and interested other parties, with the purpose of finding a means to relate the different ontologies to each other. The result is reflected in a joint communiqué, directed to the larger ontology community and the general public, and expressing a joint (...) intent to build bridges among the existing upper ontologies in ways designed to increase and rationalize their utilization and to enhance their semantic interoperability. (shrink)

Ethics, Policy & Environment, Volume 15, Issue 2, Page 241-243, June 2012.

Experimental research suggests that people draw a moral distinction between bad outcomes brought about as a means versus a side effect (or byproduct). Such findings have informed multiple psychological and philosophical debates about moral cognition, including its computational structure, its sensitivity to the famous Doctrine of Double Effect, its reliability, and its status as a universal and innate mental module akin to universal grammar. But some studies have failed to replicate the means/byproduct effect especially in the absence of other factors, (...) such as personal contact. So we aimed to determine how robust the means/byproduct effect is by conducting a meta-analysis of both published and unpublished studies (k = 101; 24,058 participants). We found that while there is an overall small difference between moral judgments of means and byproducts (standardized mean difference = 0.87, 95% CI 0.67 – 1.06; standardized mean change = 0.57, 95% CI 0.44 – 0.69; log odds ratio = 1.59, 95% CI 1.15 – 2.02), the mean effect size is primarily moderated by whether the outcome is brought about by personal contact, which typically involves the use of personal force. (shrink)

Эволюция жизни на Земле привела за последние 4 млрд лет к образованию многочисленных типов и видов живых организмов, начиная с одноклеточных прокариот (бактерий) размером в сотые или тысячные доли миллиметра, и завершая наиболее сложно организованными многоклеточными организмами-эукариотами класса млекопитающих отряда приматов семейства гоминидов, к которому биологическая систематика относит род Homo, т.е. Человека, в частности его ныне живущий вид Гомо сапиенс (Человек разумный). Все живые индивиды на планете (организмы биосферы) существуют и развиваются не отдельно, не изолированно друг от друга, а во (...) всеобщей взаимосвязи, образуя по сходству своей биологической структуры и функциям царства природы, а по местам своего обитания в биосфере – биотопы и биоценозы. Одни организмы берут для своей жизнедеятельности питание и энергию непосредственно из окружающей их неорганической среды (автотрофы), а другие (гетеротрофы) питаются первыми и сами являются органической пищей для своих соседей по биоценозу. При этом между разными или даже родственными организмами постоянно ведется жестокая борьба за выживание, в ходе которой одни становятся хищниками, а другие их жертвами. Вместе с тем, существуют и формы длительного мирного сожительства различных организмов в виде одностороннего (паразитизм) или двустороннего взаимовыгодного симбиоза. Современная человеческая цивилизация, выделившаяся из природы 13-15 тыс. лет назад, сохранила свои фундаментальные связи с растительным (сельское хозяйство, лесозаготовки, сбор дикорастущих растений, плодов, ягод, кореньев) и животным (животноводство, охота, рыбная ловля) царствами природы. Более того, она существует благодаря этим связям, а также связям с царствами древнейших микроорганизмов -бактерий и вирусов. Одна часть этих микроорганизмов полезна для высокоорганизованной жизни, но другая часть патогенна, т.е. вызывает у растений, животных и человека ряд опасных, высокозаразных инфекционных заболеваний. Бактериальные и вирусные эпидемии и пандемии на протяжении всей истории человечества периодически и многократно приводили и по-прежнему приводят к бесчисленным людским жертвам, превышающим потери от всех региональных и мировых войн. Данная книга представляет собою сжатое, общедоступное, биолого-медико-философское исследование проблем познания и борьбы человечества с бактериальными и вирусными инфекциями на примере эпидемий чумы, гриппа “испанки” и современного коронавируса. В книге приводится краткое описание царств природы (прежде всего бактерий и вирусов), а также история их изучения и открытия. Анализируются факты, особенности и уроки эпидемий и пандемий прошлого, рассматривается современная пандемия COVID-19 и делаются обобщающие выводы по борьбе человечества с подобными природными, нерукотворными, катастрофическими явлениями. Особое внимание уделено тяжелым инфекциям дыхательной системы человека, нетипичной пневмонии и методам борьбы с ними (при легочной чуме, испанке и ковид-19 в первую очередь страдают именно легкие, что ведет к недостаточности дыхания и тяжелым, нередко летальным исходам). Дополнительно рассмотрены вопросы устройства и работы иммунной системы человека и повышения его иммунитета в борьбе с инфекциями. Книга предназначена для широкого круга читателей с различным уровнем подготовки, интересующихся проблемами взаимодействия природы и общества, эволюции человечества, борьбы с бактериально-вирусными эпидемиями и сохранения собственного здоровья в условиях подобных катаклизмов. -/- . (shrink)

This is a collection of the abstracts of lectures given at the International Conference on Differential Equations, Approximations and Applications, which will be held at the old campus of the Vietnam National University at Hanoi December 10-15, 2001.

Since approval of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2016, it has been widely and repeatedly claimed that the GDPR will legally mandate a ‘right to explanation’ of all decisions made by automated or artificially intelligent algorithmic systems. This right to explanation is viewed as an ideal mechanism to enhance the accountability and transparency of automated decision-making. However, there are several reasons to doubt both the legal existence and the feasibility of such a right. In contrast to the (...) right to explanation of specific automated decisions claimed elsewhere, the GDPR only mandates that data subjects receive meaningful, but properly limited, information (Articles 13-15) about the logic involved, as well as the significance and the envisaged consequences of automated decision-making systems, what we term a ‘right to be informed’. Further, the ambiguity and limited scope of the ‘right not to be subject to automated decision-making’ contained in Article 22 (from which the alleged ‘right to explanation’ stems) raises questions over the protection actually afforded to data subjects. These problems show that the GDPR lacks precise language as well as explicit and well-defined rights and safeguards against automated decision-making, and therefore runs the risk of being toothless. We propose a number of legislative and policy steps that, if taken, may improve the transparency and accountability of automated decision-making when the GDPR comes into force in 2018. (shrink)

Hume argues that whenever we seem to be motivated by reason, there are unnoticed calm passions that play this role instead, a move is that is often criticised as ad hoc (e.g. Stroud 1977 and Cohon 2008). In response, some commentators propose a conceptual rather than empirical reading of Hume’s conativist thesis, either as a departure from Hume (Stroud 1977), or as an interpretation or rational reconstruction (Bricke 1996). -/- I argue that conceptual accounts face a dilemma: either they render (...) the conativist thesis trivial, or they violate Hume's thesis that 'a priori, any thing may produce any thing'. I defend an empirical construal of Hume’s conativist thesis. I provide two theoretical frameworks within which Hume’s appeal to the calm passions may be justified: first, by the framework of theoretical virtues, and secondly, by lights of his own ‘rules by which to judge of causes and effects’ (THN 1.3.15). (shrink)

(Dân trí; 15/5/2019) - Quyết tâm trở thành một trường đại học theo định hướng nghiên cứu, ngày 15/5, Trường Đại học PHENIKAA đã công bố thành lập 8 nhóm nghiên cứu mạnh trong nhiều lĩnh vực.

Background: Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable. Depression causes feelings of sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease a person’s ability to function at work and at home. Depression affects an estimated one in 15 adults (6.7%) in any given (...) year. And one in six people (16.6%) will experience depression at some time in their life. Depression can strike at any time, but on average, first appears during the late teens to mid-20s. Women are more likely than men to experience depression. Some studies show that one-third of women will experience a major depressive episode in their lifetime. Objectives: The main goal of this expert system is to get the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the correct treatment and give the appropriate method of treatment through several tips that concern the disease and how to treat it and we will see it through the application on the expert system. Methods: in this paper the design of the proposed Expert System which was produced to help Psychologist in diagnosing depression disease through its symptoms such as: a loss of energy, a change in appetite, sleeping more or less, anxiety, reduced concentration, indecisiveness, restlessness, feelings of worthlessness, guilt or hopelessness and thoughts of self-harm or suicide. The proposed expert system presents an overview about depression disease is given, the cause of diseases is outlined and the treatment of disease whenever possible is given out. SL5 Object Expert System language was used for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. Results: The proposed depression disease diagnosis expert system was evaluated by psychologist students and they were satisfied with its performance. Conclusions: The Proposed expert system is very useful for psychologist, patients with depression and newly graduated psychologist. (shrink)

Background: This study was conducted to measure depression literacy (D-Lit) and mental health literacy (MHL) and to investigate their relationship with psychological status and quality of life among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). -/- Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 400 patients with T2DM in Iran. Samples were selected using proportional stratified sampling. Data collection tools comprised a demographic questionnaire, measures of MHL and D-Lit, the diabetes quality of life (DQOL) scale, and the DASS-21. (...) After confirming the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, parametric statistical tests (such as one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and Chi-Square) were used to investigate the relationship between the variables using SPSS v22 software. The results of continuous quantitative data are reported in the form of means and standard deviations, and qualitative data are reported in the form of absolute and relative frequencies. -/- Results: In this study, 10.25% of the participants (n = 41) had severe depression, while 36.75% (n = 147) experienced severe anxiety. The mean (standard deviation) of MHL was 80.92 (9.16) from 130 points. Of the participants, only 1.7% (n = 7) did not answer any questions correctly on the D-lit scale, and only 5.8% (n = 23) were able to answer 15 questions or more correctly on the D-lit. MHL had a significant negative correlation with depression (r = −0.236), anxiety (r = −0.243), and stress (r = −0.155) (P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between MHL and D-Lit (r = 0.186) (P < 0.001). D-Lit had a significant negative correlation with depression (r = −0.192), anxiety (r = −0.238), and stress (r = −0.156) (P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between the ability to recognize disorders (r = 0.163), knowledge of self-treatment (r = 0.154), and DQOL (P < 0.001). Depression (r = −0.251), anxiety (r = −0.257), and stress (r = −0.203) had a significant negative correlation with DQOL (P < 0.001). -/- Conclusion: MHL and D-Lit levels were found to be inadequate in patients with T2DM. These low levels of MHL and D-Lit among patients with T2DM were associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as a lower quality of life. Therefore, designing and implementing preventive programs to improve the mental health of patients with T2DM can help prevent mental disorders and ultimately improve their quality of life. (shrink)

Relationships with international students can be beneficial to higher education in terms of financial and human resources. For this reason, establishing and maintaining such relationships are usually pre-eminent concerns. In this study, we extended the application of the disconfirmation expectation model by incorporating components from subjective task value to predict the loyalty of international students toward their host countries. On a sample of 410 Vietnamese students enrolled in establishments of higher education in over 15 countries across the globe, we employed (...) structural equation model to construct the conceptual model. Our empirical findings revealed that while the roles of satisfaction and disconfirmation are still important as direct and indirect antecedents of international student loyalty, its most powerful predictors are the three components of subjective task value: attainment, utility and intrinsic. These insights result in a number of implications for actors on the higher ducation scene, such as heads of institutions and policy makers. (shrink)

Confucius gave counsel that is notoriously hard to follow: "What you do not wish for yourself, do not impose on others" (Huang 1997: 15.24). People tend to be concerned with themselves and to be indifferent to most others. We are distinct from others so our self-concern does not include them, or so it seems. Were we to realize this distinctness is merely apparent--that our true self includes others--Confucius's counsel would be easier to follow. Concern for our true self would extend (...) concern beyond the narrow selves we appear to be. The neo-Confucians held just such a view. They espoused an identity with the universe and everything in it, arguing that this identity explains a natural concern for everyone and everything, not just for our narrow selves. However, many things in the universe differ from each other, that is, some have qualities others lack. If they are all one and the same thing then that one thing differs from itself. I will suggest that the objection can be answered with some metaphysical innovation. I will address the objection by sketching a theory--call it the theory of aspects--that explains how numerically identical things can differ qualitatively. (shrink)

A popular account of luck, with a firm basis in common sense, holds that a necessary condition for an event to be lucky, is that it was suitably improbable. It has recently been proposed that this improbability condition is best understood in epistemic terms. Two different versions of this proposal have been advanced. According to my own proposal :361–377, 2010), whether an event is lucky for some agent depends on whether the agent was in a position to know that the (...) event would occur. And according to Stoutenburg :319–334, 2015, Synthese, 1–15, 2018), whether an event is lucky for an agent depends on whether the event was guaranteed or certain to occur in light of the agent’s evidence. In this paper, I argue that we should prefer the account in terms of knowledge over that in terms of evidential certainty. (shrink)

Russellian monism—an influential doctrine proposed by Russell (The analysis of matter, Routledge, London, 1927/1992)—is roughly the view that physics can only ever tell us about the causal, dispositional, and structural properties of physical entities and not their categorical (or intrinsic) properties, whereas our qualia are constituted by those categorical properties. In this paper, I will discuss the relation between Russellian monism and a seminal paradox facing epiphenomenalism, the paradox of phenomenal judgment: if epiphenomenalism is true—qualia are causally inefficacious—then any judgment (...) concerning qualia, including epiphenomenalism itself, cannot be caused by qualia. For many writers, including Hawthorne (Philos Perspect 15:361–378, 2001), Smart (J Conscious Stud 11(2):41–50, 2004), and Braddon-Mitchell and Jackson (The philosophy of mind and cognition, Blackwell, Malden, 2007), Russellian monism faces the same paradox as epiphenomenalism does. I will assess Chalmers’s (The conscious mind: in search of a fundamental theory. Oxford University Press, New York, 1996) and Seager’s (in: Beckermann A, McLaughlin BP (eds) The Oxford handbook of philosophy of mind. Oxford University Press, New York, 2009) defences of Russellian monism against the paradox, and will put forward a novel argument against those defences. (shrink)

The study aimed to determine if differentiated instruction effectively addresses learning gaps in mathematics. In particular, it explored how it can improve the student’s learning gaps concerning mathematical performance and confidence. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with 30 purposively-selected Grade 10 participants divided into differentiated (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15), ensuring the utmost ethical measures. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the participants’ performance and confidence. Independent samples t-tests were used to determine (...) the significant differences in the performance and confidence between the two groups. In contrast, dependent samples t-tests were used to determine the significant differences in each group’s pre and posttest performance and confidence. Findings bared that the differentiated instruction successfully addressed students’ performance in mathematics even in a short period. It also increased the participants’ confidence when answering fundamental problems. Continuing differentiated instruction activities are recommended since it benefits students who struggle in mathematics, particularly in answering fundamental operations. Differentiated teaching activities in mathematics can boost academic achievement and engagement and prepare students for future success while fostering a positive and inclusive classroom culture that values individual learning needs and preferences. (shrink)

لا يمكن الحديث عن مدرسة النجاح في المستقبل٬ ما لم يتم استحضار التطور الحاصل في أدوار ووظائف وآليات اشتغال المدرسة٬ من خلال التعرف على سيرورات التحولات التي عرفتها وظائف وأدوار هذه المؤسسة في الماضي والحاضر. ففي الوقت الراهن تحولت هذه الوظائف من التلقين والحشو بالمعارف٬ إلى وظائف أكثر حيوية وتنوعا ودينامية٬ تتجه صوب إيجاد حلول لتحديات اكساب التلميذ مناهج وتقنيات تحصيل المعرفة والبحث٬ وتعزيز قدراته ومهاراته الحياتية٬ وتوسيع خبراته٬ إضافة إلى سعيها لتطوير جاهزيته للشغل وتحقيق الذات والعيش المشترك مع الأفراد (...) داخل المجتمع. لقد بدأ الرهان منذ بداية الإصلاح الأخير على العنصر البشري الذي يعتبر المشعل الذي ينير درب التنمية في المستقبل، فمتعلم اليوم هو مواطن الغد، وبذلك ركزت المدرسة المغربية كل أنشطتها واهتماماتها على هذا المتعلم وجعلته في قلب الاهتمام والتفكير والفعل، وجعلت كل الهياكل والبرامج والمشاريع في خدمته. و في خطوة أخرى جريئة أعد المجلس الأعلى للتربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي رؤية استراتيجية لإصلاح منظومة التربية والتكوين (2015-2030)، التي عملت على إرساء المجلس وانخراطه في سلسلة من الأعمال الرامية إلى تقييم حصيلة تطبيق الميثاق الوطني للتربية والتكوين، واستشراف أفاق تأهيل وتطوير المنظومة الوطنية للتربية والتكوين والبحث العلمي. كما عملت وزارة التربية الوطنية والتكوين المهني على إقرار التدابير ذات الأولوية المتمثلة في الإجراءات الإصلاحية، من خلال إصدار المذكرة الإطار 15/099 بتاريخ 12 أكتوبر 2015 من أجل التنزيل الأولي للرؤية الاستراتيجية 2030-2015. (shrink)

Objectives -/- Surveys in various countries suggest 17% to 80% of doctors prescribe ‘placebos’ in routine practice, but prevalence of placebo use in UK primary care is unknown. Methods -/- We administered a web-based questionnaire to a representative sample of UK general practitioners. Following surveys conducted in other countries we divided placebos into ‘pure’ and ‘impure’. ‘Impure’ placebos are interventions with clear efficacy for certain conditions but are prescribed for ailments where their efficacy is unknown, such as antibiotics for suspected (...) viral infections. ‘Pure’ placebos are interventions such as sugar pills or saline injections without direct pharmacologically active ingredients for the condition being treated. We initiated the survey in April 2012. Two reminders were sent and electronic data collection closed after 4 weeks. Results -/- We surveyed 1715 general practitioners and 783 (46%) completed our questionnaire. Our respondents were similar to those of all registered UK doctors suggesting our results are generalizable. 12% (95% CI 10 to 15) of respondents used pure placebos while 97% (95% CI 96 to 98) used impure placebos at least once in their career. 1% of respondents used pure placebos, and 77% (95% CI 74 to 79) used impure placebos at least once per week. Most (66% for pure, 84% for impure) respondents stated placebos were ethical in some circumstances. Conclusion and implications -/- Placebo use is common in primary care but questions remain about their benefits, harms, costs, and whether they can be delivered ethically. Further research is required to investigate ethically acceptable and cost-effective placebo interventions. (shrink)

This guide accompanies the following article(s): Jackson, E., Philosophy Compass 15/6 (2020) pp. 1-13 10.1111/phc3.12668.x.

It is a common view among philosophers of science that theoretical virtues (also known as epistemic or cognitive values), such as simplicity and consistency, play an important role in scientific practice. In this article, I set out to study the role that theoretical virtues play in scientific practice empirically. I apply the methods of data science, such as text mining and corpus analysis, to study large corpora of scientific texts in order to uncover patterns of usage. These patterns of usage, (...) in turn, might shed some light on the role that theoretical virtues play in scientific practice. Overall, the results of this empirical study suggest that scientists invoke theoretical virtues explicitly, albeit rather infrequently, when they talk about models (less than 30%), theories (less than 20%), and hypotheses (less than 15%) in their published works. To the extent that they are mentioned in scientific publications, the results of this study suggest that accuracy, consistency, and simplicity are the theoretical virtues that scientists invoke more frequently than the other theoretical virtues tested in this study. Interestingly, however, depending on whether they talk about hypotheses, theories, or models, scientists may invoke one of those theoretical virtues more than the others. (shrink)

Abstract: This research paper presents the development and evaluation of a neural network-based model for predicting fire alarms in smoke detection systems. Using a dataset from Kaggle containing 15 features and 3487 samples, we trained and validated a neural network with a three-layer architecture. The model achieved an accuracy of 100% and an average error of 0.0000003. Additionally, we identified the most influential features in predicting fire alarms.