According to Margaret Wilson, Leibniz is inconsistent when it comes to the question of whether one can have distinct ideas of sensible qualities, and this because he sometimes conceives of sensible qualities as sensations and sometimes conceives of them as complexes of primary qualities. When he conceives of them as sensations, he denies that we can have distinct ideas of sensible qualities; when he conceives of them as complexes of primary qualities, he asserts that we can. In this paper I (...) argue that Wilson is wrong to think that Leibnizian ideas admit of various degrees of confusion or distinctness. I also argue that although Wilson's problem admits of being reformulated in a manner consistent with a correct understanding of Leibnizian perceptions and ideas, this reformulated version of the problem admits to a satisfactory interpretive solution. (shrink)

The paper proposes a novel understanding of how Aristotle’s theoretical works complement each other in such a way as to form a genuine system, and this with the immediate (and ostensibly central) aim of addressing a longstanding question regarding Aristotle’s ‘first philosophy’—namely, is Aristotle’s first philosophy a contribution to theology, or to the science of being in general? Aristotle himself seems to suggest that it is in some ways both, but how this can be is a very difficult question. My (...) answer is in some respects a version of one that goes back at least to the middle ages—i.e., that first philosophy is concerned with the gods (and to that extent offers a theology) because the gods are causes and principles of beings precisely insofar as they are beings. The more original aspect of my position lies in my claim that the sort of tension found in the Metaphysics is likewise to be found in many of Aristotle’s physical works. Thus, for example, the De caelo is (I argue) concerned generally with natural beings (= beings susceptible of change), but its discussions are focused largely on the heavenly bodies and the Aristotelian elements insofar as they admit of change with respect to place. Here I claim that the particular objects of discussion are dealt with precisely because they are causes and principles of natural beings as such. Something similar goes, I claim, for the De generatione et corruptione, the general concern of which is a particular species of natural being—i.e., natural beings susceptible of generation and corruption. In this way, I argue, Aristotle successively deals in his theoretical works with those causes and principles of (say) a horse which attach to it insofar as it is a being, those causes and principles of a horse which attach to it insofar as it is a natural being, those causes and principles of a horse which attach to it insofar as it is a perishable natural being, and so on for the lower genera under which the species horse is subsumed. (shrink)

In this paper, I aim to offer a clear explanation of what monadic domination, understood as a relation obtaining exclusively among monads, amounts to in the philosophy of Leibniz (and this insofar as monadic domination is conceived by Leibniz not to account for the substantial unity of composite substances). Central to my account is the Aristotelian notion of a hierarchy of activities, as well as a particular understanding of the relations that obtain among the perceptions of monads that stand in (...) relations of monadic domination and subordination. (shrink)

Phenomenal consciousness is “what is it like to be” a mental state: the stinging sharpness of a pin prick, the taste of chocolate or the vibrant red of a fire truck. “Access consciousness” refers to the possibility of a mental state to be available to the rest of the cognitive system (to be available, for example, to our production system language like when we try to describe the stinging sharpness of a pin prick, the taste of chocolate or the vibrant (...) red of a fire truck). The access is representational in a way that phenomenology is not: the contrast is between feeling that stinging, savoring that chocolate or see that red and associated representations such that we may not access these representations (not being in possession of relevant concepts) but, if we experience, we have the experience that in fact we have (for example, see the red of the truck in contrast with see that this truck is red). Intuitively, the phenomenology is richer than access. In other words, our visual experience of things in the world is richer than our attention to them. However it remains open whether there are electrophysiological data of the richness of phenomenology in contrast with the access. We will present some electrophysiological data suggesting this richness of phenomenology. (shrink)

A prevailing view in moral psychology holds that empathy and sympathy play key roles in morality and in prosocial and altruistic actions. Recently, Jesse Prinz (2011a, 2011b) has challenged this view and has argued that empathy does not play a foundational or causal role in morality. He suggests that in fact the presence of empathetic emotions is harmful to morality. Prinz rejects all theories that connect empathy and morality as a constitutional, epistemological, developmental, motivational, or normative necessity. I consider two (...) of Prinz’s theses: the thesis that empathy is not necessary for moral development, and the thesis that empathy should be avoided as a guide for morality. Based on recent research in moral psychology, I argue that empathy plays a crucial role in development of moral agency. I also argue that empathy is desirable as a moral emotion. (shrink)

This text will discuss the concept of information and its relevance in the study of the nature of the mind. It will analyze a hypothesis that deals with the equivalence between information and causality, which results in information having a double ontological character: “intrinsic” and “extrinsic.” A discussion will follow on Integrated Information Theory, which is developed from a variation of this thesis. It will be proposed that this theory does not reach the objective of being an “intrinsic” information theory, (...) precisely because it is an adaptation of classical information theory. For this reason, it neither allows nor avoids the paradoxes of the subject–object distinction, nor shows how the causal evolution of an integrated system can be treated in informational terms; that is, it cannot unite causality and information. (shrink)

The purpose of this text is to present a summary of the theory of self-reference as a result of the superposition of the causal history of a system. Self-reference is discussed here as an effect of the association between memory and causality. When considering the eventual situation of a physical system, different previous alternatives can take it to the same state. The means that constituted it are not intrinsic to it, there are no elements in it to retroact to its (...) previous state. In a system of causal superposition, however, the state contains the history of the states that constituted it. (shrink)

O imperativo categórico é o princípio supremo de moralidade. Em um sentido essa afirmação pode ser considerada verdadeira, já que a teoria possui grande poder em explicar os critérios da intuição moral comum. Por outro lado, o sistema deixa muitos casos e situações sem um guiamento claro, e em outros ainda trava em paradoxos e soluções inaceitáveis, se seguirmos estritamente as recomendações de seu formulador. Será nesse estudo apresentado um sistema de aplicação do imperativo categórico que permite dar um tratamento (...) a esses casos. Considerando os dois testes principais do imperativo (da universalização, e da humanidade como fim), será proposto o seguinte critério: a imoralidade típica é identificada pela falha simultânea nos testes; os casos moralmente conflituosos tem como característica a falha em uma formulação exclusivamente à outra. (shrink)

Henri Bergson developed an extensive analysis of duration, which consists of the subjective perception of changing situations in a fluid and continuous perspective, distinct from the notion of chronological time. From this starting point, he defined consciousness by this criterion of temporal continuity, as accumulated memory. Jean Schneider presented a formalization of the self-referential characteristic of duration. In this paper, a parallel will be drawn between these models and the theory of self-reference from causal superposition. Some extensions of this theory (...) will be presented, especially an approach to the problem of experience, and a generalization of referential properties to other types of information perspectives. -/- . (shrink)

O sistema moral kantiano possui grande poder explicativo ao descrever os parâmetros intelectuais formadores da lógica da ação moral. A teoria possui, contudo, limitações e contradições internas, às quais Kant não deu um encaminhamento satisfatório. O presente estudo apresentará um modelo no qual as formulações do imperativo (o teste da generalização, e o da humanidade como fim) são tratados como critérios separados e independentes. Temos, assim, aquelas situações em que estes critérios são requisitos simultâneos da ação, em que o moral (...) e o imoral podem ser claramente discernidos. Temos, por outro lado, (como será proposto) aquelas situações em que cada formulação tem validade de forma exclusiva em relação a outra, o respeito a uma das formulações é acompanhado da transgressão de sua complementar. Com essa modificação podemos dar um tratamento a consequências paradoxais e contradições da teoria original, ampliando o escopo das questões tratadas, considerando tanto o erro evidente quanto aqueles atos que se situam em áreas nebulosas. É possível assim, de forma consistente com os termos da teoria, ir além da caracterização simples do “certo” e “errado” para as categorias do incerto mas justificável. (shrink)

The theoretical use of representation faces, among others, two types of inconsistencies, namely: a representation requires the figure of the agent to which it will be representative, which leads either to circularity or to infinite return; and the resulting one, which is the difficulty in reconciling a description, in representative terms, with other more fundamental scientific categories. The proposal of the present study for the solution of these problems was the identification of a referential process starting from the correlation between (...) states of a physical system. It will present an inference about how the superposition of causal history moments of a system can result in a self-referential structure. (shrink)

Resumo A problemática sobre a “verdade” não tem obtido a devida atenção no meio jurídico. As considerações a respeito do que seja “verdade”, por certo, têm nítido viés filosófico, existindo distintas concepções acerca da “verdade”, embora muitas não são capazes de servir ao direito processual civil. Habermas concebe a “verdade” sobre um fato como um conceito dialético, construída a partir das argumentações desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos cognoscentes, ou seja, buscada na cooperação direcionada para o entendimento mútuo racional. Identificam-se pontos de contato (...) existentes entre a teoria habermasiana e os enunciados até agora elaborados no projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro. A “verdade” no moderno processo civil deve ser buscada em um procedimento baseado na probabilidade das provas e das teses apresentadas, na intensa argumentação dialética e em colaboração entre os sujeitos processuais, e no respeito às normas e aos princípios válidos para o caso em julgamento. Palavras-chave : argumentação, cooperação, Habermas, novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro, procedimento, verdadeThe problem about “truth” has not gained enough attention in the legal field. All the considerations about “truth” have a clearly philosophical points of view, and distinct conceptions concerning it, although many are not capable of serving in the civil procedure. Jürgen Habermas conceives the “truth” as a dialectical concept, constructed from the arguments developed by cognizant agents, i.e., those seeking cooperation aimed at rational mutual understanding. The article identifies points of contact between habermasian theory and legal rules developed up to now in the project of the new Brazilian Civil Code of Procedure. The “truth” in the modern civil process must be sought in a procedure based on the probability of the evidence and theses in intense dialectical argumentation and collaboration between all parties involved with the respect for the rules and principles considered valid for the case at hand. Keywords : argumentation, cooperation, Habermas, new Brazilian Civil Procedure Code, procedure, truth. (shrink)

I'll show that the kind of analogy between life and information – that seems to be central to the effect that artificial mind may represents an expected advance in the life evolution in Universe – is like the design argument and that if the design argument is unfounded and invalid, the argument to the effect that artificial mind may represents an expected advance in the life evolution in Universe is also unfounded and invalid. However, if we are prepared to admit (...) (though we should not do) this method of reasoning as valid, I'll show that the analogy between life and information to the effect that artificial mind may represents an expected advance in the life evolution in Universe seems suggest some type of reductionism of life to information, but biology respectively chemistry or physics are not reductionist, contrary to what seems to be suggested by the analogy between life and information. (shrink)

Given the hard problem of consciousness (Chalmers, 1995) there are no brain electrophysiological correlates of the subjective experience (the felt quality of redness or the redness of red, the experience of dark and light, the quality of depth in a visual field, the sound of a clarinet, the smell of mothball, bodily sensations from pains to orgasms, mental images that are conjured up internally, the felt quality of emotion, the experience of a stream of conscious thought or the phenomenology of (...) thought). However, there are brain occipital and left temporal electrophysiological correlates of the subjective experience (Pereira, 2015). Notwithstanding, as evoked signal, the change in event-related brain potentials phase (frequency is the change in phase over time) is instantaneous, that is, the frequency will transiently be infinite: a transient peak in frequency (positive or negative), if any, is instantaneous in electroencephalogram averaging or filtering that the event-related brain potentials required and the underlying structure of the event-related brain potentials in the frequency domain cannot be accounted, for example, by the Wavelet Transform (WT) or the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis, because they require that frequency is derived by convolution rather than by differentiation. However, as I show in the current original research report, one suitable method for analyse the instantaneous change in event-related brain potentials phase and accounted for a transient peak in frequency (positive or negative), if any, in the underlying structure of the event-related brain potentials is the Empirical Mode Decomposition with post processing (Xie et al., 2014) Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (postEEMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). (shrink)

No audiovisual, a violência normalmente é vista como apenas uma ação, um sensacionalismo, especialmente as cenas de luta. No entanto, além do mero grau percebido, o anime é um gênero fílmico onde tais cenas apresentam um grau concebido,uma outra ressignificação de tais atitudes. Assim, o presente artigo busca analisar tal situação, dentro do domínio das Ciências da Linguagem, no anime Cavaleiros do Zodíaco. O objetivo aqui é descrever tais efeitos de sentido provenientes das cenas de lutas e como eles operam (...) não só na construção poética, mas também no reforço da lógica do fantasma, o mecanismo de interação psíquica da obra audiovisual. (shrink)

Globalization has made it easier for people to migrate, thus increasing diversity within organizations. One problem with this migration is that 1st and 2nd generation immigrants may prefer different leadership styles than those of the mainstream culture. The purpose of this survey-based quantitative comparative study was to investigate the effects of acculturation on the work-related cultural values and leadership style preferences of Mexican immigrants living in the United States. The research question that guided this study focused on the differences in (...) work-related cultural values and preferred leadership styles between 2 generations of Mexican immigrants, Mexicans, and U.S.-born Caucasians. Two hundred and forty-five participants completed the survey. The researcher used a Likert-type self-assessing questionnaire adapted from existing instruments to measure the work-related cultural values and preferred leadership styles of two generations of Mexican immigrants, native Mexicans, and U.S.-born Caucasians. Statistical tools, such as correlations, Cronbach’s alpha, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test measurement reliability and to test for differences in the mean scores of the criterion variables among the 4 groups. The researcher found that, in the aggregate, Mexican immigrants did not acculturate to the mainstream values of the United States, 2nd generation Mexican immigrants’ scores were similar to those of U.S.-born Caucasians in work-related values, and all groups prefer the servant leadership style. Implications for social change may include raising the awareness of human resource managers of the differences and similarities in values and preferences of their staff, which may help improve the relationships between managers and the employees. (shrink)

l'occasion de son passage à Lisbonne, à la Fondation Calouste Gulbenkian, pour la conférence "Peuples Exposés", intégrée dans le cycle de conférences A Républica por vir – arte, política e pensamento para o século XXI 1 (La République à venir – art, politique et pensée pour le XXIème siècle), nous avons rencontré Georges Didi-Huberman pour l'entretien qui suit, autour de son livre Remontages du temps Subi. L'oeil de l'histoire, 2 (Éditions de Minuit, 2010).

The course delivered by Heidegger during the Summer semester of 1923, and published later under the title of Ontology – The hermeneutics of facticity, is one of the most important loci in which we can have a glimpse of Kierkegaard’s influence on and importance to Heidegger, as well as of some of his interpretations about the thought of the Dane philosopher. One of them, notwithstanding puts forward a very interesting assessment of the relation between Kierkegaard and Hegel – through F. (...) A. Trendelenburg –, one of hottest topics in the Kierkegaardian scholarship, is not usually analyzed by that scholarship. Hence, this paper aims to show and analyze Heidegger’s theses on the relation between Kierkegaard-Hegel in that work in order to evaluate their correctness. As final remarks, this paper presents some metaphilosophical reflections on the very notions of relation and dependence between philosophers. (shrink)

O presente livro analisa a obra de Marsilio de Padua por aquele viés próprio do filosofar, qual seja, o conhecer pelas causas.

Das Coisas que nos fazem pensar: O debate sobre a Nova Teoria da Comunicação é o livro que descreve os primeiros momentos de debate e divulgação, por Ciro Marcondes Filho, da Nova Teoria da Comunicação e do metáporo. O objetivo da presente resenha é demonstrar como o livro se caracteriza enquanto um percurso feito pelo autor de disseminação e defesa de sua construção ontológica, epistemológica e metodológica da Comunicação em sua busca para transformá-la de ciência aplicada para ciência pura.

O presente artigo busca caracterizar a querela interna do Movimento Jovem-Hegeliano através da descrição e caracterização do conceito de massa/massificação dentro do pensamento de seus membros primeiros, a saber: Ludwig Feuerbach, David Strauss e Bruno Bauer.

O presente artigo apresenta um retrospecto teórico das temáticas da Cultura e Identidade – essa tomada também como identificação e individualização – dentro das principais obras de Herbert Marcuse, em especial Razão e Revolução e A Ideologia da Sociedade Industrial. Após traçar esse arcabouço, pretendemos ilustrar os conceitos filosóficos utilizando exemplos midiáticos presentes nas práticas midiáticas atuais, buscando demonstrar a pregnância que um pensamento da época da contracultura pode ter no século XXI.

O presente artigo busca definir o movimento literário cyberpunk a partir da sua influência teórica vinda do campo da matemática. Utilizando a teorização interna ao movimento, centrada em Rudy Rucker, o objetivo aqui é entender como os campos da análise e dos fundamentos da matemática criam uma importante distinção entre os cyberpunks e as demais distopias literárias. Com isso, há a pressuposição de um movimento de uma crítica sociomatemática feita pelos cyberpunks cujos conceitos matemáticos tornam possível criticar o tempo presente, (...) bem como servir de divulgação científica. (shrink)

The beginning for C. S. Peirce was the reduction of the traditional categories in a list composed of a fundamental triad: quality, respect and representation. Thus, these three would be named as Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness, as well given the ability to degeneration. Here we show how this degeneration categorical is related to mathematical revolution which Peirce family, especially his father Benjamin Peirce, took part: the advent of quaternions by William Rowan Hamilton, a number system that extends the complex numbers, (...) i.e. those numbers which consists of an imaginary unit built by the square root of minus one. This is a debate that can, and should, have contributions that take into account the role that mathematical analysis and linear algebra had in C. S. Peirce’s past. (shrink)

This article aims to show that the contribution of Charles Sanders Peirce to communicology is much earlier than the advent of epistemological integration of semiotics in communication studies, being phaneroscopy as a early form of communicology. This reflection is based on the study of the categorical degeneration theorized by Peirce, his influence on communicational thinking (especially on Gilles Deleuze’s cinema theory), as well as the conceptual link between degeneration and phenomenon from the philosophical point of view of quaternions.

O presente trabalho visa entender como o rádio esportivo se estrutura dentro da linguagem do rádio. Partindo dos pressupostos que o rádio é uma linguagem regida por uma lógica (o jogo de linguagem) e uma pragmática (os gêneros do discurso), há o estudo detalhado do rádio esportivo enquanto modelo operacional em intersecção temática com o mundo radiofônico.

O presente artigo deseja estudar a questão da música enquanto linguagem e como seria a sua ação linguística dentro do campo da comunicabilidade e das mediações. Para isso, utilizando as ideias da Filosofia Analítica da Linguagem (especialmente Ludwig Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin e John Searle), serão analisados dois elementos da linguagem musical de épocas distintas e antagônicas: o leitmotiv (com enfoque em O Anel do Nibelungo, de Richard Wagner) e a fórmula (com enfoque em Licht, de Karlheinz Stockhausen). A ideia (...) aqui é verificar a autonomia da linguagem musical bem como as suas possibilidades de lógica ilocucionária. Palavras-chaves: Linguagem musical; Pragmática; Ação linguística. (shrink)

Dentro da produção da UPA, estúdio que buscou rivalizar esteticamente com os preceitos da Disney no cinema de animação nos anos 1950, Gerald McBoing-Boing é a personagem mais emblemática, estrelando quatro curtas de animação que representam os preceitos do estúdio. No entanto, o mote narrativo de McBoing-Boing é que ele não se comunica com sons, mas sim por efeitos sonoros, e se fazendo entender. Para entender quais são as possibilidades linguísticas desse uso sonoro e como ele não nos aparece enquanto (...) algo surreal, analisaremos tal representação à luz da segunda filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein, cuja obra-chave são as Investigações Filosóficas. Concentrando no §528, o objetivo é mostrar como McBoing-Boing se encaixa em um fenômeno language-like, representando um ponto central na crítica estética da UPA. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca analisar como o conceito de massas é analisado na filosofia dita pós-moderna. Usando a intersecção entre Filosofia da Linguagem e Filosofia Política, o conceito se metamorfoseia em diversos autores (Jean-François Lyotard, Jean Baudrillard, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze) para desembocar naqueles que trabalham o conceito atualmente em filosofia: Michael Hardt e Antonio Negri.

O presente artigo busca analisar, no aspecto da imagem fílmica, os documentários de arquivo sobre a Fórmula 1 em seus primórdios garagistas (pré-1950 ao fim da década de 1970). Para isso, serão analisados três documentários recentes sobre grandes pilotos da categoria, a saber: Jack Brabham, Graham Hill e Juan Manuel Fangio. Utilizando a teorização de Gilles Deleuze acerca da imagem-movimento e seus aspectos semióticos, o objetivo aqui é ver que a cadeia de significação provocada pela reedição de imagens de arquivo (...) provoca a construção de um argumento que ressalta mais o lado humano dos pilotos do que os seus feitos enquanto esportistas consagrados. (shrink)

O objetivo desse paper é mostrar como que se opera a temática da exclusão social dentro da esfera espectacularizadora da mídia. Usando o conceito, retirado do Direito Romano por Giorgio Agamben, de Homo sacer, mostraremos como esses indíviduos que estão às margens dos direitos estatais aparecem em temáticas que “esquecem” do seu problema fundamental. Relembrando os jornais romanos conhecidos como acta populi e o termo, difundido filosoficamente por Roland Barthes, de fait divers, podemos ver como que os excluídos (cuja existência, (...) segundo Herbert Marcuse, é perigosa para o status quo) se tornam figuras dóceis na esfera pública. (shrink)

Neste artigo, analisa-se como as histórias em quadrinhos sobre automo-bilismo, notadamente a do personagem Michel Vaillant, conseguem en- gendrar, em sua narrativa, mundos possíveis, que, mesmo com atributos ficcionais, se vinculam à referencialidade dos fatos ocorridos no esporte. Utilizando o arcabouço teórico de Umberto Eco e de David Lewis, o objetivo aqui é refletir acerca desse exercício de isomorfismo linguístico, bem como desvelar as estratégias altermundistas utilizadas.

This article wants to analyze how Man Rayin his photographs, engages a poetry of silenceusing this medium as a poetic communication technology. To understand the functioning of this poetic language, we will adopt the Groupe μ analysis method (both the General Rhetoricand the Treatise on the Visual Sign). Whereas the language is manifold as the forms of representation, and it present in all media, whatever the lack of speech -silence -would find its richest form in both directions through the metaphors (...) and metonymy engaged in metasememes of the photos studied. (shrink)

The French theorist A. J. Greimas, inspired by such studies, is considered one of the founders of Narratology through the construction of models of analysis where these invariables would be centered in the subject of the narrative and based on the action and the transformation of them. The objective of the present essay is to analyze the ideas of Greimas, as well as to look for the logical mechanism that resides in each model.

This essay wants to rescue the concept of phaneroscopy, created by Charles Sanders Peirce, to adapt it in a phenomenological condition of multiple realities. Therefore, in addition to review the reflection of Peirce, we visited the approach of phenomenology of multiple realities proposed by Alfred Schutz in his reading of William James. The idea is to seek a phenomenology that goes beyond the human consciousness to other research subjects.

Esse artigo pode ser dividido em duas partes. A primeira consiste na reconstrução do importante caminho heideggeriano em Ser e Tempo que vai do impessoal (das Man) à cura (Sorge) através de um ponto em comum: o entretenimento. A segunda consiste em apontar brevemente a possibilidade ou não do uso do caminho descrito pela primeira parte e do pensamento de Martin Heidegger nos estudos midiáticos, onde o entretenimento está inserido. Essa construção dupla proporciona não apenas um estudo undimensional seja do (...) pensamento heideggeriano ou da questão do entretenimento. O objetivo é iluminar tanto o percurso da busca do ser através do “entreter” quanto perceber a possibilidade de um estudo direto da mídia através dos conceitos presentes em Heidegger que, de certa forma, influenciou pensadores de grande uso atual nas pesquisas midiáticas como Michel Foucault e Jacques Lacan. (shrink)

O presente artigo deseja entender como a lógica diegética de Salò, último filme de Pier Paolo Pasolini, engendra um fascismo pulsional. Isso é demonstrado a partir da lógica lacaniana do desejo centrado na figura conceitual do fantasma. Com a leitura sexual do conceito feita por Contardo Calligaris, o artigo mostra que o fascismo que Pasolini critica não precisa ser apenas o político, mas também pode ser posto em uma situação econômica tal como aquela que o capitalismo midiatizado coloca em movimento. (...) -/- . (shrink)

O presente artigo deseja observar como a crônica esportiva de futebol (especialmente a produção textual de Nelson Rodrigues e José Lins do Rego) consegue engendrar, em sua narrativa, mundos possíveis que, mesmo com atributos ficcionais, se vinculam à referencialidade dos fatos ocorridos no esporte. Utilizando-se o arcabouço teórico de Umberto Eco e de David Lewis, o objetivo aqui é refletir acerca desse exercício de isomorfismo linguístico, bem como desvelar as estratégias altermundistas utilizadas.

This article is an effort to understand how the Peirce's Arrow (Logical NOR), as a logical operation, can act within the concept of Ludwig Wittgenstein's language-game, considering that the language game is a satzsystem, i.e., a system of propositions. To accomplish this task, we will cover four steps: (1) understand the possible relationship of the thought of C. S. Peirce with the founding trio of analytic philosophy, namely Frege-RussellWittgenstein, looking for similarities between the logic of Peirce and his students (notably (...) Christine Ladd and O.H. Mitchell) with a New Wittgenstein’s approach, which sees Early Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus),Middle Wittgenstein and Last Wittgenstein (Philosophical Investigations) while a coherent way of thinking and not a theoretical break; (2) describe the operation of the Peirce’s Arrow (Logical NOR) as a logical connective; (3)understand the notion of satzsystem (Middle Wittgenstein) and the possibility of applying the concept of language-game (Last Wittgenstein) on it; and (4) understand how the Logical NOR can operate within a satzsystem. The goal here is a search for the logic of the language-game and how the logical ideas of C. S. Peirce can help in this construction. And this construction might be interesting for a better understanding of the analytic philosophy of language. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca debater a posição de Charles Sanders Peirce e dos primeiros estudantes peirceanos de Lógica (Christine Ladd e O. H. Mitchell nos Studies in Logic, 1883) dentro do debate inspirador da visão da linguagem dentro da Filosofia Analítica, conhecido como “Lingua Universalis contra Calculus Ratiocinator”, cujos primórdios podem ser traçados desde a filosofia de Gottfried Leibniz. Para isso, comparamos esse campo do pensamento peirceano com o debate crucial entre a conceitografia de Gottlob Frege (Begriffsschrift, 1879) e a (...) lógica algébrica de George Boole (An investigation of the Laws of Thought on which are founded the mathematical theories of Logic and Probabilities, 1854). O nosso objetivo principal é observar que esse momento da filosofia peirceana pode ser comparado com o pensamento wittgensteiniano, especialmente em sua nova vertente, chamada New Wittgenstein, que tenta superar a tradicional divisão entre Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus e Investigações Filosóficas. Pela comparação entre pensadores influenciados por C. S. Peirce e a filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein, pretendemos abrir caminhos na compreensão do conceito de jogo de linguagem, especialmente em sua gramática e em seus operadores simbólicos, através da observação das funções de verdade [truth functions] e as tabelas de verdade [truth tables] enquanto lógica algébrica. (shrink)

The objective of this research essay is to understand the episteme of phenomenology using the recent construction of Mark D. Vagle which understands phenomenological knowledge as a conceptual tripod between encounters, way of living and crafting. There is here a preliminary view on the subject where it seeks to understand the phenomenology beyond its big names such as Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Sartre, among others. It is a phenomenology of vision for the twenty-first century, focusing on the epistemological and methodological construction (...) of phenomenological research. -/- . (shrink)

O presente artigo busca investigar como certas produções midiáticas que, apesar da pretensa polêmica e campanha de (contra)estigmatização, não causaram o eco social pretendido. Usando o arcabouço teórico de Jean-François Lyotard, de inspiração wittgensteniana, iremos analisar três produções audiovisuais que entram nas características de nosso objeto: Torre de Babel, Garapa e Capitalismo: uma História de Amor. Observando como tais obras se relacionam com as questões de (re)presentações, saberes e apostas linguísticos, veremos como se operou o silenciamento da polêmica resultando em (...) um processo de normalização e normatização no escopo social. (shrink)

This paper discuss the problem of motion within sense-data concept. Using the sense of speed as starting-point, we debate how it is possible to find a conceptual formulation that combines the idea of mental states with its physicalist criticism. The answer lies in the field of quantum mechanics and its concept of tensor, a geometric object that has a mathematical matrix representation. Thinking about examples taken from the car racing world, where the sense of speed is preponderant, we see how (...) the mental condition of speed is represented matrix-like, tensor-like, rather than ephemerally as the more traditional sense-data formulation advocates. (shrink)

This article wants to analyze how Candido Portinari in his paintings with rural theme, engages a poetry of silence. To understand the functioning of this poetic language, we will adopt the Groupe μ analysis method (both the General Rhetoric andthe Treatise on theVisual Sign). Whereas the language is manifold as the forms of representation, and it present in all media, whatever the lack of speech -silence -would find its richest form in both directions through the metaphors and metonymy engaged in (...) metasememes of the paintings studied. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca analisar, no aspecto da imagem audiovisual e focando na questão do movimento, a série televisiva de desenho animado Speed Racer ( Mach Go Go Go , 1967-68). Utilizando a teorização de Gilles Deleuze acerca da imagem-movimento e seus aspectos semióticos, o objetivo aqui é ver como um desenho animado, utilizando a chamada animação limitada, consegue representar o movimento automobilístico sem precisar mobilizar inúmeros elementos de animação ou mesmo rotoscopiar imagens de corridas de carros. Por fim, o (...) artigo traz algumas considerações sobre como Speed Racer , utilizando sua abordagem semiótica de movimento, agiu na linguagem do dispositivo do desenho animado, ou seja, nos campos de ação social mimetizados por qualquer realização audiovisual. (shrink)

This article intends to show that the defense of “understanding” as one of the major goals of science education can be grounded on an anti-reductionist perspective on testimony as a source of knowledge. To do so, we critically revisit the discussion between Harvey Siegel and Alvin Goldman about the goals of science education, especially where it involves arguments based on the epistemology of testimony. Subsequently, we come back to a discussion between Charbel N. El-Hani and Eduardo Mortimer, on the one (...) hand, and Michael Hoffmann, on the other, striving to strengthen the claim that rather than students’ belief change, understanding should have epistemic priority as a goal of science education. Based on these two lines of discussion, we conclude that the reliance on testimony as a source of knowledge is necessary to the development of a more large and comprehensive scientific understanding by science students. (shrink)

This textbook is not a textbook in the traditional sense. Here, what we have attempted is compile a set of assignments and exercise that may be used in critical thinking courses. To that end, we have tried to make these assignments as diverse as possible while leaving flexibility in their application within the classroom. Of course these assignments and exercises could certainly be used in other classes as well. Our view is that critical thinking courses work best when they are (...) presented as skills based learning opportunities. We hope that these assignments speak to that desire and can foster the kinds of critical thinking skills that are both engaging and fun Please feel free to contact us with comments and suggestions. We will strive to correct errors when pointed out, add necessary material, and make other additional and needed changes as they arise. Please check back for the most up to date version. Rebeka Ferreira and Anthony Ferrucci. (shrink)