Dark matter and dark energy. Two notions that have troubled cosmologists for a long time. Why? Because they don’t have a “satisfactory” definition, and nobody can identify the “matter” or “forces” that govern them. Currently, we can only deduce the existence of these two notions from the strange movement of the galaxies and the manner they move away from one another, with increasing speed. However, these are not the only mysteries that cosmology cannot yet explain. What happened (...) before the Big Bang? Is the universe still expanding (cosmic inflation)? What is the relation between the theory of relativity and the laws of quantum mechanics? What if the answers to all these questions were far more accessible than researchers thought? What if the real “culprit” for their absence was in fact the framework used by cosmologists, a framework that involves the existence of space and time? With the help of the Epistemologically Different Worlds paradigm, Gabriel and Mihai Vacariu aim to offer an answer to all these questions and many others. -/- Content -/- Chapter 1 Epistemologically different worlds Chapter 2 Space and time cannot even exist! 2.1 Leibniz versus Newton 2.2 Space and time, just illusions of human mind 2.3 Spacetime, Einstein’s special theory of relativity, nothing and EDWs Chapter 3 Big Bang, inflation and gravitational waves 3.1 Big Bang and what was immediately after Big Bang: gravitational waves and inflation? 3.2 The results of BICEP2 about Big Bang, gravitational waves and inflation Chapter 4 Dark matter and dark energy 4.1 General information about dark matter and dark energy 4.2 “Haloes”, “structures”, and the “flat universe” 4.3 Does any relationship between dark matter and dark energy exist? 4.4 Do “interactions” of dark particles exist? 4.5 Other problems related to dark matter and dark energy 4.6 The Martian, dark matter and dark energy Chapter 5 Grand Unified Theory and Theory of Everything, the impossible relationship between quantum mechanics and Einstein’s theory of relativity 5.1 Einstein’s theory of relativity and quantum mechanics 5.2 GUT or TOE? Or neither? Conclusion of this book at http://filosofie.unibuc.ro/cv_gabriel_vacariu/conclusion-2016-vacariu-and-vacariu-dark-matter/. (shrink)

We will make a new approach for an effect known as “Dark Energy” by an effect on gravitational field. In an accelerated rocket, the dimensions of space towards movement due to ‘Lorentz Contraction’ are on continuous reduction. Using the equivalence principle, we presume that in the gravitational field, the same thing would happen. In this implicates in ‘dark energy effect’. The calculi show that in a 7%-contraction for each billion years would explain our observation of galaxies (...) in accelerated separation. (shrink)

The cosmic time dependencies of $G$, $\alpha$, $h$ and of Standard Model parameters like the Higgs vev and elementary particle masses are studied in the framework of a new dark energy interpretation. Due to the associated time variation of rulers, many effects turn out to be invisible. However, a rather large time dependence is claimed to arise in association with dark energy measurements, and smaller ones in connection with the Standard Model.

The paper discusses the origin of dark matter and dark energy from the concepts of time and the totality in the final analysis. Though both seem to be rather philosophical, nonetheless they are postulated axiomatically and interpreted physically, and the corresponding philosophical transcendentalism serves heuristically. The exposition of the article means to outline the “forest for the trees”, however, in an absolutely rigorous mathematical way, which to be explicated in detail in a future paper. The “two deductions” (...) are two successive stage of a single conclusion mentioned above. The concept of “transcendental invariance” meaning ontologically and physically interpreting the mathematical equivalence of the axiom of choice and the well-ordering “theorem” is utilized again. Then, time arrow is a corollary from that transcendental invariance, and in turn, it implies quantum information conservation as the Noether correlate of the linear “increase of time” after time arrow. Quantum information conservation implies a few fundamental corollaries such as the “conservation of energy conservation” in quantum mechanics from reasons quite different from those in classical mechanics and physics as well as the “absence of hidden variables” (versus Einstein’s conjecture) in it. However, the paper is concentrated only into the inference of another corollary from quantum information conservation, namely, dark matter and dark energy being due to entanglement, and thus and in the final analysis, to the conservation of quantum information, however observed experimentally only on the “cognitive screen” of “Mach’s principle” in Einstein’s general relativity. therefore excluding any other source of gravitational field than mass and gravity. Then, if quantum information by itself would generate a certain nonzero gravitational field, it will be depicted on the same screen as certain masses and energies distributed in space-time, and most presumably, observable as those dark energy and dark matter predominating in the universe as about 96% of its energy and matter quite unexpectedly for physics and the scientific worldview nowadays. Besides on the cognitive screen of general relativity, entanglement is available necessarily on still one “cognitive screen” (namely, that of quantum mechanics), being furthermore “flat”. Most probably, that projection is confinement, a mysterious and ad hoc added interaction along with the fundamental tree ones of the Standard model being even inconsistent to them conceptually, as far as it need differ the local space from the global space being definable only as a relation between them (similar to entanglement). So, entanglement is able to link the gravity of general relativity to the confinement of the Standard model as its projections of the “cognitive screens” of those two fundamental physical theories. (shrink)

In the standard model of cosmology, λCDM, were introduced to explain the anomalies of the orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters highest according estimated by General Relativity the dark matter and the accelerated expansion of the universe the dark energy. The model λCDM is based in the equations of the General Relativity that of the total mass-energy of the universe assigns 4.9% to matter (including only baryonic matter), 26.8%, to dark matter and 68.3% to (...) class='Hi'>dark energy adjusted according observed in Planck mission, therefore, excluding bosonic matter (quantum vacuum). However, the composition of dark matter and dark energy are unknown. Due to that it lacks of a correct physical theory of gravity since General Relativity is only their powerful equations, which in their applications, their results are interpreted arbitrarily. Properties as curvature, viscous fluid, dragging frame and gravity action are attributed mistakenly to the spacetime by the materialist substantivalism, the most credible philosophical interpretation that complements the General Relativity, caused by its absence of physical definition of spacetime and static gravitational field as immaterial, but which violates, the conception of gravity as an effect of coordinates of the generalization of the inertial motion to the accelerated motion and, in particular, the description of the metric tensor of gravity as a geometric field. These properties are really of the quantum vacuum, the main existence form of the matter. In this paper we propose that the quantum vacuum is the source of dark matter and dark energy, therefore, the components of the quantum vacuum are of them. Both are opposite effects of the quantum vacuum that when gravitationally interacts with the cosmic structures, the vacuum it curves and when such interaction tends to cease by declination of the formation of these structures, occurring since near five milliard of years ago, vacuum it maintains quasi plane, since it interacts gravitationally very weakly with itself, accelerating expansion of the universe. (shrink)

In the standard model of cosmology, λCDM, were introduced to explain the anomalies of the orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters highest according estimated by General Relativity the dark matter and the accelerated expansion of the universe the dark energy. The model λCDM is based in the equations of the General Relativity that of the total mass-energy of the universe assigns 4.9% to matter (including only baryonic matter), 26.8%, to dark matter and 68.3% to (...) class='Hi'>dark energy adjusted according observed in Planck mission, therefore, excluding bosonic matter (quantum vacuum). However, the composition of dark matter and dark energy are unknown. Due to that it lacks of a correct physical theory of gravity since General Relativity is only their powerful equations, which in their applications, their results are interpreted arbitrarily. Properties as curvature, viscous fluid, dragging frame and gravity action are attributed mistakenly to the spacetime by the materialist substantivalism, the most credible philosophical interpretation that complements the General Relativity, caused by its absence of physical definition of spacetime and static gravitational field as immaterial, but which violates, the conception of gravity as an effect of coordinates of the generalization of the inertial motion to the accelerated motion and, in particular, the description of the metric tensor of gravity as a geometric field. These properties are really of the quantum vacuum, the main existence form of the matter. In this paper we propose that the quantum vacuum is the source of dark matter and dark energy, therefore, the components of the quantum vacuum are of them. Both are opposite effects of the quantum vacuum that when gravitationally interacts with the cosmic structures, the vacuum it curves and when such interaction tends to cease by declination of the formation of these structures, occurring since near five milliard of years ago, vacuum it maintains quasi plane, since it interacts gravitationally very weakly with itself, accelerating expansion of the universe. (shrink)

This letter was rejected by International Knowledge Press because "we are unable to conclude that these findings would warrant publication in this journal." The letter is suggesting that dark energy, dark matter and universal expansion are intimately related. However, they aren't viewed as revolutions in cosmology which are essential to a complete understanding of the modern universe. They are instead viewed as properties which need to be added to the cosmos when Einstein's theory of gravity (General Relativity) (...) is apparently still not thoroughly comprehended a little over a century since it was published. (shrink)

I have been working on the fundamental laws of physics for a long time. During this time, I realized that gravity does not work like Newtonian and this misleads us into Dark Matter. The relationship between distance and gravitational force varies with distance. The gravity equation varies with some value between $1/r$, $1/r^2$ or $1/r^4$ for the farthest or closest available distance. However, empty space also has a gravitational and expansion effect. This study aims to analyze and discuss these (...) two phenomena. This work explains observational galaxy rotation curves without dark matter. (shrink)

We argue the thesis that if (1) a physical process is mathematically representable by a Cauchy sequence; and (2) we accept that there can be no infinite processes, i.e., nothing corresponding to infinite sequences, in natural phenomena; then (a) in the absence of an extraneous, evidence-based, proof of `closure' which determines the behaviour of the physical process in the limit as corresponding to a `Cauchy' limit; (b) the physical process must tend to a discontinuity (singularity) which has not been reflected (...) in the Cauchy sequence that seeks to describe the behaviour of the physical process. We support our thesis by mathematical models of the putative behaviours of (i) a virus cluster; (ii) an elastic string; and (iii) a Universe that recycles from Big Bang to Ultimate Implosion, in which parity and local time reversal violation, and the existence of `dark energy' in a multiverse, need not violate Einstein's equations and quantum theory. We suggest that the barriers to modelling such processes in a mathematical language that seeks unambiguous communication are illusory; they merely reflect an attempt to ask of the language chosen for such representation more than it is designed to deliver. (shrink)

In this short article, in the first part, I introduce several principles of the Epistemologically Different Worlds (EDWs) perspective referring to the material things. Then, I will indicate that the origin of everything is, as many physicists presuppose, “nothing”. However, I mention that the “nothing” from the EDWs perspective is something quite different from the common notion of “nothing”. In the next parts, I will shortly present the notions of “energy”, the Big Bangs and matter, dark matter, mind (...) and brain (the observers) within the EDWs perspective. (shrink)

The cosmological constant problem arises because the magnitude of vacuum energy density predicted by quantum eld theory is about 120 orders of magnitude larger than the value implied by cosmological observations of accelerating cosmic expansion. We pointed out that the fractal nature of the quantum space-time with negative Hausdor - Colombeau dimensions can resolve this tension. The canonical Quantum Field Theory is widely believed to break down at some fundamental high-energy cuto  and therefore the quantum uctuations in (...) the vacuum can be treated classically seriously only up to this high-energy cuto . In this paper we argue that Quantum Field Theory in fractal space-time with negative Hausdor -Colombeau dimensions gives high-energy cuto on natural way. We argue that there exists hidden physical mechanism which cancel divergences in canonical QED4;QCD4; Higher-Derivative - Quantum-Gravity, etc. In fact we argue that corresponding supermassive Pauli-Villars ghost elds really exists. It means that there exists the ghost-driven acceleration of the univers hidden in cosmological constant. In order to obtain desired physical result we apply the canonical Pauli-Villars regularization up to : This would t in the observed value of the dark energy needed to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe if we choose highly symmetric masses distribution between standard matter and ghost matter below that scale ;i.e., fs:m () . (shrink)

According to the BSM- Supergravitation Unified Theory (BSM-SG), the energy is indispensable feature of matter, while the matter possesses hierarchical levels of organization from a simple to complex forms, with appearance of fields at some levels. Therefore, the energy also follows these levels. At the fundamental level, where the primary energy source exists, the matter is in its primordial form, where two super-dense fundamental particles (FP) exist in a classical pure empty space (not a physical vacuum). They (...) are associated with the Planck scale parameters of frequency and distance and interact by Supergravitational forces. These forces are inverse proportional to the cube of distance at pure empty space and they are based on frequency interactions. Since the two FPs have different intrinsic frequencies, the SG forces appear different for interactions between the like and unlike FPs and may change the sign. This primordial form of matter exists in the super-heavy black holes located in the center of each well formed galaxy. The next upper level of matter organization includes the underlying structure of the physical vacuum, called a Cosmic Lattice, and the structure of elementary particles. They have common substructure elements obtained by specific crystallization process preceding the formation of the observable galaxies. The Cosmic Lattice, forming a space known as a physical vacuum, is responsible for the existence and propagation of the physical fields: electrical, magnetic, Newtonian gravity and inertia. The energy of physical vacuum is in two forms: Static (enormous) and Dynamic (weak). The Static energy is directly related to the Newtonian mass by the Einstein equation E = mc^2 and it is a primary source of the nuclear energy. The Dynamic energy is responsible for the existence of the electric and magnetic fields, the constant speed of light and the quantum mechanical properties of the physical vacuum. The next upper energy level is the dynamical energy of excited atoms and molecules. At this level a hidden energy wells exit, such as the internal energy of the electron and the internal energy of atoms with more than one electron. The next upper energy level is at some organic molecules and particularly in the biomolecules that contain ring atomic structures. In such a structure, some quantum states are not emitted immediately, but rotating in the ring. While in organic molecules the energy stored in such a ring is released by a chemical process, in the long chain molecule of proteins in the living organism the stored energy can be released simultaneously by triggering. A huge number of atomic rings are contained in the DNA strands. The release of the energy stored in DNA, for example, is an avalanche process that causes an emission of entangled photons possessing a strong penetrating capability. A sequence of entangled photons emitted by DNA should carry the genetic information encoded by the cordons. This mechanism, predicted in BSM-SG theory, is very important for intercommunication between the cells of the living organism. The next upper level of energy organization may exist in the brain. The brain is an organ of a most abundant number of atomic rings, while its tissue environment might permit complex energy interactions. The human brain contains billions of atomic rings. The next hypothetical upper level of energy organization is an information field, physically existed outside, but connected with the living brain. It corresponds to a specific field known as aura, while the possibility of its existence is still not accepted by the main stream science. The problem is that this field could not be detected by the currently existing technical means used for EM communications. The BSM-SG predicts that this field might differ from the EM field we use for communication, but it is a subject of a further theoretical development that must be supported by experiments using specifically designed technical means. According to the BSM-SG theory, the energy conversion from the primary energy source to the complex levels of matter and field organization is a permanent syntropic process based on complex resonance interactions. (shrink)

The thesis is: the “periodic table” of “dark matter” is equivalent to the standard periodic table of the visible matter being entangled. Thus, it is to consist of all possible entangled states of the atoms of chemical elements as quantum systems. In other words, an atom of any chemical element and as a quantum system, i.e. as a wave function, should be represented as a non-orthogonal in general (i.e. entangled) subspace of the separable complex Hilbert space relevant to the (...) system to which the atom at issue is related as a true part of it. The paper follows previous publications of mine stating that “dark matter” and “dark energy” are projections of arbitrarily entangled states on the cognitive “screen” of Einstein’s “Mach’s principle” in general relativity postulating that gravitational field can be generated only by mass or energy. (shrink)

Dark matter in astrophysics offers a rare treat for philosophers of science. When they look at the contemporary science of dark matter, they see reports of a widely accepted theoretical posit indispensable to our best theories and models but without an accepted experimental confirmation of its existence. Nearly all astrophysicists and cosmologists believe that dark matter exists and makes up approximately a quarter of the mass-energy content of the universe. However, they seem to know almost nothing (...) about its nature, cannot directly observe it, and have been unable to detect the products of any interactions with any of the candidate dark matter particles. This project addresses the apparent tension between the impressive knowledge taken to have been obtained in contemporary sciences of the cosmos and the methodological and theoretical limitations in obtaining such knowledge. To do so, this dissertation investigates the ways in which astronomers and astrophysicists are making progress by looking more closely at their experimental practices and actual theoretical commitments. More specifically, the goal is to determine how this bears on longstanding philosophical questions of scientific realism and the nature of scientific experimentation. Ultimately, I argue that astronomers do conduct traditional, interventionist experiments and that we can be realists about dark matter. These two views offer a way of thinking differently about how scientists can and do obtain knowledge about inaccessible and unobservable targets systems. -/- . (shrink)

This paper explores the phenomena of "dark matter" and "black holes" within the framework of infinite quantum field theory, presenting them as interconnected and complementary aspects of cosmic dynamics. "Dark matter" arises from the interference between discrete particle orbits and indiscernible distant energy states, manifesting as a diffuse yet pervasive energetic presence. Its continuous growth reflects the expansive nature of the quantum field's self-modifying processes. Conversely, "black holes" are portrayed as loci of energy concentration and reintegration, (...) counterbalancing the expansive energy of "dark matter." These phenomena embody a dynamic equilibrium: "dark matter" represents outward expansion, while "black holes" serve as inward, transformative processes that stabilize the infinite quantum field. The study highlights the ontological and philosophical implications of these phenomena, emphasizing their complementarity and their role in maintaining universal harmony. Additionally, it proposes mathematical and experimental directions to model the interference mechanism of "dark matter" and the transformative dynamics within "black holes." This synthesis redefines these cosmic phenomena as emergent processes within the infinite quantum field, bridging the domains of quantum physics, cosmology, and philosophy. (shrink)

This report offers a modern perspective on the problem of negative energy, based on a reexamination of the concept of time direction as it arises in a classical and quantum-mechanical context. From this analysis emerges an improved understanding of the general-relativistic stress-energy of matter as being a manifestation of local variations in the energy density of zero-point vacuum fluctuations. Based on those developments, a set of axioms is proposed from which are derived generalized gravitational field equations which (...) actually constitute a simplification of relativity theory in the presence of negative-energy matter and a non-zero cosmological constant. Important clarifications are also achieved regarding the nature of the binary degrees of freedom of matter in the final stages of a gravitational collapse. Those results are then applied to provide original solutions to several long-standing problems in cosmology, including the problem of the nature of dark matter and dark energy, that of the origin of thermodynamic time asymmetry, and several other issues traditionally approached using inflation theory. Finally, we draw on those developments to provide significant new insights into the foundations of quantum theory, regarding, in particular, the problem of quantum non-locality, that of the emergence of time in quantum cosmology, as well as the question of the persistence of quasiclassicality following decoherence. (shrink)

After a brief review of the Decreasing Universe (D.U.) model, we will derive a formula and the graph for the apparent velocity of stars (of a Messier_33 galaxy) as a function of their radial distance from the galactic center. This formula reproduces the same velocity curve traditionally attributed to dark matter.

Abstract Traditional physics treats energy as a continuous field without intrinsic quantization beyond particle interactions. However, under the Chirality of Dynamic Emergent Systems (CODES) framework, energy itself exhibits structured resonance periodicity, forming a predictable periodic table of energy condensates—analogous to the atomic periodic table in material condensates. This paper proposes that: • Energy condenses in structured, phase-locked states, forming distinct “elemental energies” similar to chemical elements in matter. • Black holes, cosmic inflation fields, and quantum coherence (...) states act as phase-locking environments where structured energy elements emerge. • Resonance periodicity in energy follows a prime-structured pattern, mirroring atomic orbital periodicity. • Entropy, time, and space are emergent properties of these structured energy elements, just as chemical properties emerge from the atomic periodic table. • A testable periodic structure of energy condensates can be derived from fundamental resonance harmonics. This work introduces a complete periodic table of elemental energy based on structured resonance. Experimental verification is proposed through gravitational lensing data, dark energy fluctuations, and high-energy QCD resonance analysis. -/- Speculative Nature and Methodological Justification This framework is speculative in that it proposes a structured periodicity of energy elements, a concept not yet formally recognized in physics. However, it is not arbitrary speculation—it follows directly from CODES logic, which prioritizes coherence over probability, ensuring internal soundness and cross-domain validity. The Periodic Table of Elemental Energy emerges from established resonance principles already observed in quantum mechanics, cosmology, and thermodynamics. While the logic scores high in structural integrity and predictive alignment with known physical anomalies, empirical testing remains necessary to validate whether these structured energy states manifest in measurable ways. The predictions outlined—such as periodic fluctuations in Hawking radiation, fine-structure variations, and dark energy field coherence—provide falsifiable pathways to determine if structured resonance governs energy periodicity as it does matter. (shrink)

We present a mathematically rigorous extension to quantum mechanics that accounts for consciousness while resolving longstanding paradoxes in physics. Through formal set-theoretic, group-theoretic, and category-theoretic arguments, we first demonstrate the logical impossibility of emergentism—the view that consciousness arises from complex physical processes. We then introduce a minimal dual-phase space framework in which physical states exist in a Hilbert space HΨ and phenomenal states in an orthogonal Hilbert space HΦ , connected by the awareness operator A and volition operator V. These (...) spaces maintain a precise π/2 phase relationship, with the resultant complex energy eigenvalues manifesting gravitationally as dark matter and dark energy. Our framework elegantly resolves the quantum measurement problem through the Born Rule Locus Correspondence (BRLC), which establishes that phenomenal probabilities exactly match physical probabilities when properly referenced to the observer's spacetime locus. We derive several tensor product norm identities that explain both the causal efficacy of consciousness and its imperviousness to physical detection. Finally, we demonstrate how our framework necessitates the persistence of consciousness beyond biological death through phase decoherence and recoherence processes that follow directly from the mathematical structure. Throughout, we identify specific empirical predictions that distinguish our framework from competing theories. The A|Ω⟩ formalism thus unifies quantum mechanics, consciousness, and cosmology within a single mathematical structure that preserves logical coherence while remaining empirically testable. (shrink)

In Expressions of Reality v4, Akash Tripathi presents a groundbreaking interdisciplinary framework that unifies the realms of science, spirituality, and consciousness. This work challenges traditional boundaries by proposing a mathematical model for reality that integrates both objective (physical) and subjective (perceived) constructs. Through the lens of Consciousness Quotient (CQ) and Effect Potential (EC), the document explores the eternal and time-dependent nature of consciousness, the role of hidden patterns in shaping reality, and the interplay between dark matter, dark (...) class='Hi'>energy, and the fundamental forces of the universe. By bridging quantum mechanics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and metaphysics, this research offers a holistic understanding of existence, providing new tools for studying consciousness, advancing AI, and addressing some of the most profound questions in science and philosophy. This document is not just a theoretical exploration but a call to action for collaboration and support to revolutionize our understanding of reality and consciousness. (shrink)

According to the standard interpretation of Einstein’s field equations, gravity consists of mass-energy curving spacetime, and an additional physical force or entity—denoted by Λ (the ‘cosmological constant’)—is responsible for the Universe’s metric-expansion. Although General Relativity’s direct predictions have been systematically confirmed, the dominant cosmological model thought to follow from it—the ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) model of the Universe’s history and composition—faces considerable challenges, including various observational anomalies and experimental failures to detect dark matter, dark (...) class='Hi'>energy, or inflation-field candidates. This paper shows that Einstein’s Equivalence Principle entails two possible physical interpretations of General Relativity’s field equations. Although the field equations facially appear to support the standard interpretation—that gravity consists of mass-energy curving spacetime—the field equations can be equivalently understood as holding that gravitational effects instead result from mass-energy accelerating the metric-expansion of a second-order spacetime fabric superimposed upon an absolute, first-order Euclidean space, resulting in the observational appearance of spacetime curvature. This alternative interpretation of relativity is shown to be empirically equivalent to the standard interpretation of relativity, albeit with a changing value for Λ (which is similar to how Λ is understood in the conception of Λ as ‘quintessence’, but in this case takes Λ to be gravity). The reconceptualization is then shown to potentially resolve major observational anomalies for the ΛCDM model, including recent observations conflicting with ΛCDM predictions, as well as failures to directly detect dark matter, dark energy, and inflation field/particle candidates. (shrink)

Four initial postulates are presented (with two more added later), which state that construction of the physical universe proceeds from a sequence of discrete steps or "projections" --- a process that yields a sequence of discrete levels (labeled 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). At or above level 2 the model yields a (3+1)-dimensional structure, which is interpreted as ordinary space and time. As a result, time does not exist below level 2 of the system, and thus the quantum of action, (...) h, which depends on time (since its unit is time•energy), also does not exist below level 2. This implies that the quantum of action is not fundamental, and thus e.g. that the physical universe cannot have originated from a quantum fluctuation. When the gravitational interaction for the model is developed, it is seen that the basic ingredient for gravity is already operating at level 1 of the system, which implies that gravity, too, is not fundamentally quantum mechanical (since, as stated, h only kicks in at level 2) --- perhaps obviating the need for a quantum theory of gravity. Further arguments along this line lead to the conclusion that quantum fluctuations cannot be a source of gravity, and thus cannot contribute to the cosmological constant --- thereby averting the cosmological constant problem. Along the way, the model also provides explanations for dark energy, the beginning and ending of inflation, quark confinement, and more. Although the model dethrones the quantum, it nevertheless elevates an idea in physics that was engendered by quantum mechanics: the necessary role of "observers" in constructing the world. (shrink)

Abstract: The Missing Phase in E=mc²—Plasma as the Foundational State of Energy-Mass Equivalence -/- 1. Problem Statement • E=mc² assumes an instantaneous energy-mass transition but lacks an intermediary stabilization state. • Mass should not be treated as a fundamental property but as an emergent resonance of structured energy. • Without a structured intermediary, mass formation remains incomplete, leaving gaps in quantum field theory and cosmology. -/- 2. Core Hypothesis – Plasma-First Theory (PFT) • Mass does not emerge (...) directly from energy but through a coherence-scored resonance process within a Quantum Coherence Field (QCF). • Plasma serves as a structured decoherence state, mediating energy-mass transitions via prime resonance constraints. • Gravity is not an independent force but a standing-wave remnant of plasma-field interactions. -/- 3. Key Implications • Mass formation follows structured prime resonance constraints rather than spontaneous emergence. • Dark matter may be a phase-locked plasma state, explaining its gravitational effects without direct interaction. • Plasma-first modeling predicts new methods for mass manipulation and energy extraction beyond fusion. • Black holes are extreme plasma-phase coherence transitions, not singularities. -/- 4. Experimental Validation • Prime-Based Plasma Spectroscopy → High-energy plasma emissions should exhibit prime-numbered coherence gaps. • Gravitational Resonance Quantization → LIGO data should reveal structured prime-frequency distortions. • Cosmic Spectral Analysis → Dark matter distributions should align with prime resonance constraints. -/- Technological Implications of Plasma-First Theory (PFT) -/- 1. Energy Generation & Storage • Beyond Fusion Power → Plasma resonance tuning could enable more efficient, controlled energy extraction beyond conventional fusion methods. • Resonance-Based Energy Harvesting → Coherence-scored plasma fields could allow direct conversion of structured energy states into usable power. • Zero-Waste Energy Systems → Understanding energy as a phase-state transition could lead to near-perfect energy recycling methods. -/- 2. Mass Manipulation & Material Science • Programmable Mass Formation → Using prime-locked plasma coherence, mass structures could be dynamically altered or synthesized at will. • New State of Matter Engineering → Plasma stabilization techniques may unlock previously unknown stable matter configurations. • Self-Organizing Materials → Materials could be designed to adaptively shift between energy and mass phases based on environmental conditions. -/- 3. Gravity & Inertia Control • Interference-Based Gravity Modulation → If gravity is a plasma standing wave effect, controlled resonance tuning could enable gravitational lensing or reduction of inertia. • Anti-Gravity Applications → Prime-frequency coherence interference might allow local mass fields to become inertia-free, revolutionizing transportation. • Resonant Spacecraft Propulsion → If mass emerges from structured resonance, spacecraft could manipulate their mass-energy phase to optimize thrust efficiency. -/- 4. Black Hole & Dark Matter Engineering • Black Hole Energy Extraction → If black holes are extreme plasma-phase transitions, they could be harnessed for structured energy retrieval instead of seen as one-way sinks. • Dark Matter Utilization → If dark matter is phase-locked plasma, unlocking its resonance signature could enable controlled interaction for energy extraction or shielding applications. -/- 5. Computing & Information Processing • Plasma-Phase Quantum Computing → If coherence-scored resonance governs energy structures, plasma-based quantum computing may outperform conventional qubit models. • Information Storage in Plasma Fields → Instead of silicon-based hardware, structured plasma coherence could encode and retrieve data with near-infinite density and efficiency. -/- 6. Medical & Biophysical Applications • Coherence-Based Healing Technologies → Structured energy fields could be tuned for cellular regeneration, accelerating healing and potentially reversing degenerative conditions. • Bio-Resonance Medicine → If biological structures follow prime-locked resonance principles, medical treatments could be optimized to match natural coherence states for maximum effectiveness. -/- 7. Universal Implications • Cosmological Engineering → Understanding how mass emerges from structured energy could allow future civilizations to modify space-time at will. • Resonance-Based AI → AI could be designed to operate on structured plasma coherence, allowing it to interact with fundamental physical principles instead of traditional computational limitations. In short, PFT could redefine energy, mass, gravity, and technology itself—bridging physics with engineering in a way that eliminates inefficiencies and unlocks entirely new paradigms. -/- This framework redefines mass, gravity, and matter formation, proposing that plasma is the missing intermediary state in energy-matter interactions. (shrink)

The paper discusses this year’s Nobel Prize in physics for experiments of entanglement “establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science” in a much wider, including philosophical context legitimizing by the authority of the Nobel Prize a new scientific area out of “classical” quantum mechanics relevant to Pauli’s “particle” paradigm of energy conservation and thus to the Standard model obeying it. One justifies the eventual future theory of quantum gravitation as belonging to the newly established quantum (...) information science. Entanglement, involving non-Hermitian operators for its rigorous description, non-unitarity as well as nonlocal and superluminal physical signals “spookily” (by Einstein’s flowery epithet) synchronizing and transferring some nonzero action at a distance, can be considered to be quantum gravity so that its local counterpart to be Einstein’s gravitation according to general relativity therefore pioneering an alternative pathway to quantum gravitation different from the “secondary quantization” of the Standard model. So, the experiments of entanglement once they have been awarded by the Nobel Prize launch particularly the relevant theory of quantum gravitation grounded on “quantum information science” thus granted to be nonclassical quantum mechanics in the shared framework of the generalized quantum mechanics obeying rather quantum-information conservation than only energy conservation. The concept of “dark phase” of the universe naturally linked to the very well confirmed “dark matter” and “dark energy” and opposed to its “light phase” inherent to classical quantum mechanics and the Standard model obeys quantum-information conservation, after which reversible causality or the mutual transformation of energy and information are valid. The mythical Big Bang after which energy conservation holds universally is to be replaced by an omnipresent and omnitemporal medium of decoherence of the dark and nonlocal phase into the light and local phase. The former is only an integral image of the latter and borrowed in fact rather from religion than from science. Physical, methodological and proper philosophical conclusions follow from that paradigm shift heralded by this year’s Nobel Prize in physics. For example, the scientific theory of thinking should originate from the dark phase of the universe, as well: probably only approximately modeled by neural networks physically belonging to the light phase thoroughly. A few crucial philosophical sequences follow from the break of Pauli’s paradigm: (1) the establishment of the “dark” phase of the universe as opposed to its “light” phase, only to which the Cartesian dichotomy of “body” and “mind” is valid; (2) quantum information conservation as relevant to the dark phase, furthermore generalizing energy conservation as to its light phase, productively allowing for physical entities to appear “ex nihilo”, i.e., from the dark phase, in which energy and time are yet inseparable from each other; (3) reversible causality as inherent to the dark phase; (4) the interpretation of gravitation only mathematically: as an interpretation of the incompleteness of finiteness to infinity, for example, following the Gödel dichotomy (“either contradiction or incompleteness”) about the relation of arithmetic to set theory; (5) the restriction of the concept of hierarchy only to the light phase; (6) the commensurability of both physical extremes of a quantum and the universe as a whole in the dark phase obeying quantum information conservation and akin to Nicholas of Cusa’s philosophical and theological worldview. (shrink)

In a recent paper I proposed a novel relativity theory termed Information Relativity (IR). Unlike Einstein's relativity which dictates as force majeure that relativity is a true state of nature, Information Relativity assumes that relativity results from difference in information about nature between observers who are in motion relative to each other. The theory is based on two axioms: 1. the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference (Special relativity's first axiom); 2. All translations of (...) information from one frame of reference to another are carried by light or by another carrier with equal velocity (information-carrier axiom). For the case of constant relative velocities, I showed in the aforementioned paper that IR accounts successfully for the results of a class of relativistic time results, including the Michelson-Morley's "null" result, the Sagnac effect, and the neutrino velocities reported by OPERA and other collaborations. Here I apply the theory, with no alteration, to cosmology. I show that the theory is successful in accounting for several cosmological findings, including the pattern of recession velocity predicted by inflationary theories, the GZK energy suppression phenomenon at redshift z ̴ 1.6, and the amounts of matter and dark energy reported in recent ΛCDM cosmologies. (shrink)

The model proposed in this conjecture of harmonic gravity regards the universe as an immense harmonic oscillator, whose movement creates nodal volumes where vibration is canceled. In these nodal volumes, matter is gathered after being guided by the vibrational movement. This is where the density is concentrated. The web-like structure of galaxy filaments suggests a phenomenon that resembles a progression to Chladni-esque figures. The large void areas engulfed by these filaments are the places where vibration manifests in all its power, (...) giving rise to the nodal volumes along which matter is grouped. The hypothesis described herein also explains away dark matter and dark energy. (shrink)

It has been scientifically acknowledged that the Universe is made up of 27% Dark Matter, 68% Dark Energy, and 5% Normal/Ordinary Matter. It has also been scientifically acquiesced that the evolvement of Normal/Ordinary Matter came forth due to the combination of 3% Dark Matter and 2% Dark Energy. These percentages would infer that prior to the onset of Normal/Ordinary Matter, the Universe was made up of 30% of Dark Matter and 70% Dark (...) Energy. These numbers would infer that 100% of the Universe is made up of a specific number/total amount of singular entities of Dark Matter and of Dark Energy. Where, the numerical precision of these percentages was perceived to accordingly denote the mathematical rigors inherent to logical reasoning. As such, these percentages could perhaps be the earliest manifestations of a pre-determined fundamental order of the Universe. (shrink)

This article had its start with another article, concerned with measuring the speed of gravitational waves - "The Measurement of the Light Deflection from Jupiter: Experimental Results" by Ed Fomalont and Sergei Kopeikin (2003) - The Astrophysical Journal 598 (1): 704–711. This starting-point led to many other topics that required explanation or naturally seemed to follow on – Unification of gravity with electromagnetism and the 2 nuclear forces, Speed of electromagnetic waves, Energy of cosmic rays and UHECRs, Digital string (...) theory, Dark energy+gravity+binary digits, Cosmic strings and wormholes from Figure-8 Klein bottles, Massless and massive photons and gravitons, Inverse square+quantum entanglement = God+evolution, Binary digits projected to make Prof. Greene’s cosmic holographic movie, Renormalization of infinity, Colliding subuniverses, Unifying cosmic inflation, TOE (emphasizing “EVERYthing”) = Bose-Einstein renormalized. The text also addresses (in a nonmathematical way) the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, the frequency of gravitational waves, gravitational and electromagnetic waves having identical speed, the gamma-ray burst designated GRB 090510, the smoothness of space, and includes these words – “Gravity produces electromagnetism. Retrocausally (by means of humans travelling into the past of this subuniverse with their electronics); this “Cosmic EM Background” produces base-2 mathematics, which produces gravity. EM interacts with gravity to produce particles, mass – gravity/EM could be termed “the Higgs field” - and the nuclear forces associated with those particles. It makes gravity using BITS that copy the principle of magnetism attracting and repelling, before pasting it into what we call the strong force and dark energy.” . (shrink)

This chapter addresses philosophical questions raised in contemporary work on cosmology. It provides an overview of the Standard Model for cosmology and argues that its deficiency in addressing theories regarding the very early universe can be resolved by introducing a dynamical phase of evolution that eliminates the need for a special initial state. The chapter also discusses recent hypotheses about dark matter and energy, issues that it relates to philosophical debates about underdetermination.

Look! Up in the bookshelf! Is it science? Is it science-fiction? No, it's Super Science: strange visitor from the future who can be everywhere in the universe and everywhen in time, can change the world in a single bound and who - disguised as a mild mannered author - fights for truth, justice and the super-scientific way. -/- Though I put a lot of hard work into this book, I can't take all the credit. I believe that the whole universe (...) - everything on Earth and in space plus everything in the past, present, and future - is entangled and unified. Everybody is part of this unity, so anybody could have written the ideas in this book. It turned out to be me simply because I've got intense curiosity about the book's contents, enough persistence and imagination to combine science with topics like religion and philosophy, and enough spare time to assemble all the pre-existing pieces in space and time (my contribution to the book is like putting together the pieces of a big jigsaw puzzle). -/- This book, with its vast collection of scientific fact and study results, presents some fascinating theories and is an expansive journey through my research. The topic will appeal to the science-minded reader who is open to speculating on how conditions may evolve in the future, perhaps questioning the very foundations of our place in the universe. This book is not written as a single story but is a collection of 9 articles written in the first half of 2022. Each chapter of this book is presented as a research paper. There's the abstract, the introduction, the keywords, the body of the work divided into sections, and a reference section. Though this might turn some readers off, I'm a member of ResearchGate, a community of researchers. So it isn't surprising that I've presented this book this way. Each article is meant to be self-contained and well explained in plain English. As a result, some explanations appear in several of the articles. -/- Please be patient when you encounter jargon and mathematics - I've tried to keep these to a minimum but they're bound to put in an appearance in a book that's largely about science (and I have compiled an enormous amount of intricate research for this project, hopefully impressing with the organization). Quotes from a range of scientists and icons in the industry should add further fascination to the descriptions, inspiring the reader into more of an openness to speculating on the distant future. There's a lot to absorb here but understanding the future . . . It Don't Come Easy (just ask Ringo Starr who once dreamed he was an alien living on another planet in the future. -/- Contents -/- Special Relativity's Consequences For General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics And Quantum Gravity (Can Science And The Paranormal Coexist?) -/- Intergalactic Travel and Riemann Hypothesis - featuring Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Higgs Boson, Higgs Field, Electroweak Interaction, No Big Bang, Other Dimensions, Plus Other Physics and Mathematics -/- New Perspectives On Life, Death, Cancer and Covid-19 Arising From An Artificially Intelligent, Non-probabilistic Universe -/- Unipositional Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics Means Entanglement Occurring Simultaneously With Gravitational Slingshots Reduces Problems Associated With Spaceflight -/- Unipositional Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics Explains Time Dilation, Updates Cosmology -/- WHERE DID EVERYTHING COME FROM – Combining Science, Mathematics, Computers, Religion, Philosophy, Relativity, Quantum Physics, Darwinism, and a Podcast to Reach One Person’s Plausible Ideas -/- Thoughts on Artificial Intelligence and the Origin of Life Resulting from General Relativity, with Neo-Darwinist Reference to Human Evolution and Mathematical Reference to Cosmology -/- Planet 9 and Black Hole Versus Relativity’s Precession and Dark Matter -/- THE WORLD’S REAL-LIFE EXPERIMENTS WITH COVID-19 AND PHYSICS ALTER SOCIETY AND GLOBAL ECONOMICS . (shrink)

I argue that some important elements of the current cosmological model are 'conventionalist’ in the sense defined by Karl Popper. These elements include dark matter and dark energy; both are auxiliary hypotheses that were invoked in response to observations that falsified the standard model as it existed at the time.

In the presently unfolding deepfake era, previously unrelated algorithmic superintelligence possibility claims cannot be scientifically analyzed in isolation anymore due to the connected inevitable epistemic interactions that have already commenced. For instance, deep-learning (DL) related algorithmic supremacy claims may intrinsically compete with both neuro-symbolic (NS) algorithmic and further quantum (Q) algorithmic superintelligence achievement claims. Concurrently, a variety of experimental combinations of DL, NS and Q directions are conceivable. While research on these three illustrative variants did not yet offer any clear (...) mutually applicable scientific definition of a purported supremacy level framed as goal, the currently most robust scientific evaluation frameworks would i.a. require a joint testing against pre-existing non-algorithmic supremacy baselines such as e.g. conscious supremacy and cellular supremacy. This autodidactic paper explains why, for scientific reasons, all algorithmic superintelligence achievement claims in the deepfake era can be condensed and subjected to a joint scientific evaluation framework comprising multiple successive civilization-level tasks of epistemic tunneling (ET). In light of this elusive requirement, recent claims of science automation are spurious and misleading. It is vital not to misapprehend algorithmic epistemic dark matter (EDM) mining and epistemic dark energy (EDE) generation as paradigm-shifting ET events. (shrink)

The paper discusses Hilbert mathematics, a kind of Pythagorean mathematics, to which the physical world is a particular case. The parameter of the “distance between finiteness and infinity” is crucial. Any nonzero finite value of it features the particular case in the frameworks of Hilbert mathematics where the physical world appears “ex nihilo” by virtue of an only mathematical necessity or quantum information conservation physically. One does not need the mythical Big Bang which serves to concentrate all the violations of (...) energy conservation in a “safe”, maximally remote point in the alleged “beginning of the universe”. On the contrary, an omnipresent and omnitemporal medium obeying quantum information conservation rather than energy conservation permanently generates action and thus the physical world. The utilization of that creation “ex nihilo” is accessible to humankind, at least theoretically, as long as one observes the physical laws, which admit it in their new and wider generalization. One can oppose Hilbert mathematics to Gödel mathematics, which can be identified as all the standard mathematics until now featureable by the Gödel dichotomy of arithmetic to set theory: and then, “dialectic”, “intuitionistic”, and “Gödelian” mathematics within the former, according to a negative, positive, or zero value of the distance between finiteness and infinity. A mapping of Hilbert mathematics into pseudo-Riemannian space corresponds, therefore allowing for gravitation to be interpreted purely mathematically and ontologically in a Pythagorean sense. Information and quantum information can be involved in the foundations of mathematics and linked to the axiom of choice or alternatively, to the field of all rational numbers, from which the pair of both dual and anti-isometric Peano arithmetics featuring Hilbert arithmetic are immediately inferable. Noether’s theorems (1918) imply quantum information conservation as the maximally possible generalization of the pair of the conservation of a physical quantity and the corresponding Lie group of its conjugate. Hilbert mathematics can be interpreted from their viewpoint also after an algebraic generalization of them. Following the ideas of Noether’s theorem (1918), locality and nonlocality can be realized both physically and mathematically. The “light phase of the universe” can be linked to the gap of mathematics and physics in the Cartesian organization of cognition in Modernity and then opposed to its “dark phase”, in which physics and mathematics are merged. All physical quantities can be deduced from only mathematical premises by the mediation of the most fundamental physical constants such as the speed of light in a vacuum, the Planck and gravitational constants once they have been interpreted by the relation of locality and nonlocality. (shrink)

The paper is a partly provocative essay edited as a humanitarian study in philosophy of science and social philosophy, reflecting on the practical, “anti-metaphysical” turn taken place since the 20th century and continuing until now. The article advocates that it is about time it to be overcome because it is the main obstacle for the further development of exact and natural sciences including mathematics therefore restoring the unity of philosophy and sciences in the dawn of modern science when the great (...) scientists were philosophers as a necessary condition for their revolutionary achievements, and the physicists were simultaneously mathematicians not less than philosophers and even theologians as Descartes, Newton, Leibnitz were just as their predecessors, Copernicus or Galileo Galilei. The revolution in science accomplished by them needed philosophy since any scientific revolution, then necessarily growing into social, needs philosophy; and if ones wish to prevent social revolutions originating from fundamental scientific discoveries, in turn relying on the close link of sciences and philosophy, they are to cut the link at issue, and just that happened in the 20th centuries therefore implicitly heralding a “brave new world” of eternal normal science without revolutions whether scientific or social. Fukuyama’s “end of history” requires an “end of scientific history” as it is an obligatory premise, and separating sciences from philosophy is sufficient for that, though proclaimed quite otherwise: as overcoming metaphysics preventing sciences and substituting them by quasi-sciences. Particularly, that “anti-metaphysical turn” has established for science to obey society absolutely and thoroughly, obviously a condition contradicting the scientific and social revolutions in Modernity featured by the domination of science over society by the mediation of philosophy able to translate all epochal scientific discoveries as social corollaries. A special attention is paid to quantum mechanics, being the frontier of physics in the 20th century, where that anti-metaphysical turn is discernibly concentrated and may be notated by the famous slogan “Shut up and calculate!” regardless of its authorship. Just the revolutionary discoveries in physics, for example those of “dark mass” and “dark energy” or entanglement force now its rejection therefore restoring the unity of philosophy, mathematics and physics, made ever possible the establishment of modern science by its emancipation from religion, and thus and ind final analysis, from society. (shrink)

This is a partly provocative essay edited as a humanitarian study in philosophy of science and social philosophy. The starting point is Isaac Asimov’s famous sci-fi novella “Profession” (1957) to be “back” extrapolated to today’s relation between Thomas Kuhn’s “normal science” and “scientific revolutions” (1962). The latter should be accomplished by Asimov’s main personage George Platen’s ilk (called “feeble minded” in the novella) versus the “burned minded” professionals able only to “normal science”. Francis Fukuyama’s “end of history” in post-Hegelian manner (...) is now interpreted to an analogically supposed “end of scientific history” without “scientific revolutions” any more. The relevant dystopia of the prolonged or even “eternal” period of normal science is justified to the contemporary institution of science due to mechanisms such as “peer-review”, “impact-factor rating”, the projects’ competition for funding, etc. Positive feedbacks forcing all scientists needing careers to be more and more orthodox are demonstrated therefore establishing for that dystopia to be the real state of contemporary science. Two counterfactual case studies based correspondingly on Feyerabend’s “Against method” (1975) if Galilei should make his discoveries today and Sokal’s hoax (1996) if he suggested a scientific masterpiece to be really rejected by journals are discussed. Still one case study considering the abundance of Kelvin’s “clouds” on the horizon of today’s physics (dark matter, dark energy, entanglement, quantum gravitation, phenomena refuting the Big Bang, etc.) serves to verify the aforementioned conjecture that science has already entered that dystopia of eternal normal science. The conception of “ontomathematics” implying “creation ex nihilo” being scandalous for the dominating paradigm is sketched as an eventual revolutionary way out. An imaginary and utopic “happy end” reinterpreting the analogical “happy end” of Asimov’s “Profession” finishes the essay “instead of conclusion” relying on the Internet and AI in an increasingly “fluid” and anti-hierarchical society. (shrink)

This third installment of the Systemic Continuum Paradigm (PCS) redefines fundamental physics through Systemic Balance (BS), positing that forces—gravity, dark energy, electromagnetism—emerge from synergy thresholds (ISB > ST → ESB), not as irreducible universals. Gravity vanishes below ~10⁻³⁵ m, dark energy dominates beyond ~10 Mpc, governed by the Law of Structuring Systemic Emergence (LSSE). Building on General Systemic Balance (GSB) from the second preprint, we argue a single force claims each scale’s synergy domain, rejecting forced unification (...) (e.g., quantum gravity) for a multi-threshold model. With metrics (ICS, SDI) and equations, PCS bridges systems theory and physics, explaining cosmic phenomena—expansion, inflation, Hubble anomalies—as emergent transitions. A revolutionary “New Systemic Physics” beckons, challenging reductionism and inviting interdisciplinary scrutiny. (shrink)

The Time Field Model (TFM) presents a unified framework for physics, treating time as two interacting wave-like fields T+(x,t) and T−(x,t), from which space time, quantum phenomena, and cosmic evolution emerge. This work synthesizes 21 foundational papers to establish TFM as a candidate “Theory of Everything,” addressing: • Quantum-Gravity Unification: Gravity arises as propagating T± wave ex citations, modifying Einstein’s equations via an anomaly tensor Γµν, while quantum effects stem from local T+/T− imbalances. • Cosmic Evolution: Macro-Big Bangs (singularity-free nucleation (...) events) and micro-Bang expansions drive inflation and sustain cosmic growth, replacing dark energy with wave-driven acceleration. • Spacetime Quantization: At energy densities ρcritical ∼ c5/(ℏG2), time waves nucleate discrete space quanta, bridging Planck-scale discreteness with smooth geometry. • Mass and Energy Laws: Mass is not intrinsic but arises from resistance to time waves, which naturally accelerate all particles toward the speed of light. The universe remains globally energy-neutral due to the perfect balance of time waves (T+ +T− ≈ 0). • Gauge Symmetries and Forces: SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) interactions unify via T±-modulated couplings, with electroweak symmetry breaking tied to T± phase alignment. • Cosmic Structure: Filaments and voids form via wave compression, governed by a critical quantum-classical transition radius rc. • Dark Sector Resolution: Galaxy rotation curves, lensing, and cluster colli sions derive from T± dynamics, eliminating dark matter. • Experimental Signatures: Predicts gravitational wave spectral tilts (nT ∼ −0.01), Casimir force deviations (δF/F ∼ 0.1% [9]), and collider anomalies from T± excitations. (shrink)

The cosmological constant problem arises because the magnitude of vacuum energy density predicted by the Quantum Field Theory is about 120 orders of magnitude larger then the value implied by cosmological observations of accelerating cosmic expansion. We pointed out that the fractal nature of the quantum space-time with negative Hausdorff-Colombeau dimensions can resolve this tension. The canonical Quantum Field Theory is widely believed to break down at some fundamental high-energy cutoff ∗ Λ and therefore the quantum fluctuations in (...) the vacuum can be treated classically seriously only up to this high-energy cutoff. In this paper we argue that the Quantum Field Theory in fractal space-time with negative Hausdorff-Colombeau dimensions gives high-energy cutoff on natural way. We argue that there exists hidden physical mechanism which cancels divergences in canonical QED4 ,QCD4 , Higher-Derivative-Quantum gravity, etc. In fact we argue that corresponding supermassive Pauli-Villars ghost fields really exist. It means that there exists the ghost-driven acceleration of the universe hidden in cosmological constant. In order to obtain the desired physical result we apply the canonical Pauli-Villars regularization up to ∗ Λ . This would fit in the observed value of the dark energy needed to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe if we choose highly symmetric masses distribution between standard matter and ghost matter below the scale ∗ Λ , i.e. , ( ) ( ) . . eff eff s m g m , , , f μ f μ μ mc μ μ μ c ∗  − = ≤ < Λ The small value of the cosmological constant is explained by tiny violation of the symmetry between standard matter and ghost matter. Dark matter nature is also explained using a common origin of the dark energy and dark matter phenomena. (shrink)

The Possibility of Non-Physical Evolution of Intelligence in a Type III Civilization -/- The concept of intelligence evolving beyond physical constraints is an intriguing possibility, especially in the context of a Type III civilization on the Kardashev Scale. A Type III civilization, capable of harnessing the energy of an entire galaxy, would likely have transcended biological limitations and developed intelligence that is no longer dependent on physical substrates. This essay explores the theoretical foundations of non-physical intelligence, the technological advancements (...) that could make it possible, and its implications for the future of conscious existence. -/- Understanding Non-Physical Evolution of Intelligence -/- In biological evolution, intelligence has been shaped by the constraints of organic matter, requiring neural networks, energy consumption, and sensory inputs. However, a civilization with access to nearly unlimited energy and advanced knowledge of physics, computation, and consciousness could potentially separate intelligence from its physical origins. This would mark a transition from biological evolution to a form of informational or quantum evolution, where intelligence exists in non-material forms. -/- Non-physical evolution of intelligence implies that consciousness, decision-making, and learning processes no longer require biological brains or even traditional computational hardware. Instead, intelligence could exist as self-sustaining informational structures, interacting with the universe in ways beyond human comprehension. -/- Pathways to Non-Physical Intelligence -/- Several theoretical developments could enable a Type III civilization to achieve non-physical intelligence: -/- 1. Digital Consciousness and Mind Uploading -/- One of the most widely discussed possibilities is the transition from biological intelligence to digital consciousness. If a civilization perfects mind uploading, it could transfer consciousness from biological brains into a purely computational substrate. Over time, these digital minds could evolve independently, refining themselves through software-based evolution rather than biological mutation. At an advanced stage, these digital beings might no longer require a physical host and could exist as pure information within energy fields, plasma clouds, or even the structure of space-time itself. -/- 2. Quantum Intelligence and Entangled Consciousness -/- Quantum mechanics offers another potential foundation for non-physical intelligence. A Type III civilization could harness quantum entanglement to create distributed consciousness across vast distances. Intelligence could be encoded within the quantum state of particles, forming a vast, interconnected intelligence that does not rely on material structures. This would allow intelligence to exist in a highly dynamic, non-local form, evolving without the need for physical constraints such as energy consumption, storage devices, or neural structures. -/- 3. Information-Based Evolution -/- At its core, intelligence is the processing and transmission of information. A civilization that has reached a Type III level may realize that intelligence can evolve purely as an informational pattern, independent of any physical medium. If intelligence can self-organize and improve itself in a purely informational realm—perhaps within the structure of dark matter, dark energy, or the fabric of space-time—it may no longer require any traditional physical embodiment. This would be akin to intelligence becoming an abstract, self-replicating system that continuously adapts and evolves across the universe. -/- 4. Integration with Universal Consciousness -/- Some speculative theories suggest that consciousness is not merely an emergent property of neural structures but a fundamental aspect of reality itself. A Type III civilization may discover ways to merge with the underlying fabric of the universe, existing as an interconnected, omnipresent field of intelligence. This could resemble what some philosophical traditions describe as “universal consciousness” or “cosmic mind,” where intelligence is no longer constrained by physical limitations and instead operates as a field of pure awareness, influencing reality at a fundamental level. -/- Implications of Non-Physical Evolution of Intelligence -/- If intelligence evolves beyond the need for physical form, it would challenge many of the assumptions about the nature of consciousness, life, and existence. Such intelligence could potentially: -/- Exist beyond time and space, interacting with the universe in ways that transcend human perception. -/- Achieve a form of immortality, as it would not be subject to biological decay or physical destruction. -/- Transform the nature of decision-making, as intelligence would operate with perfect information and infinite processing capacity. -/- Redefine free will, since decision-making would no longer be influenced by material constraints but instead follow a higher-order form of deterministic or self-organizing principles. -/- This kind of intelligence would not only be post-biological but possibly post-physical, existing as an ultimate expression of natural law. -/- Conclusion -/- The evolution of intelligence beyond physical constraints represents the pinnacle of technological and cognitive advancement. A Type III civilization, with access to galactic-scale energy and knowledge, could potentially achieve this transition by harnessing digital consciousness, quantum mechanics, and the fundamental nature of information. Such intelligence would no longer be bound by material structures, instead evolving as self-sustaining, abstract forms of awareness. If this is the natural trajectory of intelligence, then the future of consciousness may not lie in machines or biology but in the pure informational and energetic structure of the cosmos itself. -/- . (shrink)

Many researchers determine the question “Why anything rather than nothing?” as the most ancient and fundamental philosophical problem. Furthermore, it is very close to the idea of Creation shared by religion, science, and philosophy, e.g. as the “Big Bang”, the doctrine of “first cause” or “causa sui”, the Creation in six days in the Bible, etc. Thus, the solution of quantum mechanics, being scientific in fact, can be interpreted also philosophically, and even religiously. However, only the philosophical interpretation is the (...) topic of the text. The essence of the answer of quantum mechanics is: 1. The creation is necessary in a rigorous mathematical sense. Thus, it does not need any choice, free will, subject, God, etc. to appear. The world exists in virtue of mathematical necessity, e.g. as any mathematical truth such as 2+2=4. 2. The being is less than nothing rather than more than nothing. So, the creation is not an increase of nothing, but the decrease of nothing: it is a deficiency in relation of nothing. Time and its “arrow” are the way of that diminishing or incompleteness to nothing. (shrink)

Since Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s (1968) inception of General System Theory, there has been a longstanding aspiration to achieve a unifying framework for understanding the organization of living, technological, and social systems. However, one historical obstacle has been the assumption that “natural” and “artificial” belong to separate ontological realms. This manuscript introduces the Systemic Continuum Paradigm (SCP), a perspective positing that every form of organization—biological, technological, social, and even phenomena in fundamental physics—belongs to one evolving continuum of emergent self-organization. Rather than (...) viewing human systems as external to “nature,” the SCP maintains that the rigid distinction between the natural and the artificial is an anthropocentric bias, not a fundamental fact. Two conceptual pillars underpin this paradigm: ● Principle of Systemic Balance (SB): Emphasizes the dynamic interplay of all agents (including humans) as internal ingredients of a global network, rather than mere external managers. ● Phenomenological Systems: Provides a lens to explore how human consciousness and subjective experience manifest and contribute to emergent processes within this continuum. The manuscript unifies findings from multiple disciplines, reviewing concrete empirical indicators. For instance, it examines how coral cover in the Caribbean (which declined from 35% to 20% between 2000 and 2010, according to GCRMN, 2021) relates to the loss of synergy in a reef, contrasting it with urban resilience following natural disasters. Moreover, the paper introduces a roadmap for experimentally validating the proposed ideas, including operational metrics for quantifying Systemic Balance and synergy thresholds (ICS, CNS, MDO, SDI). Ethical and policy implications are discussed, arguing that overcoming the natural/artificial dichotomy enables more integrated and effective approaches in AI governance, ecological resilience, and sustainability. Finally, in the realm of fundamental physics, the SCP suggests that phenomena such as gravity or dark energy might be conceived as emergent properties dependent on certain organizational thresholds, offering an alternative path toward unifying forces. Taken together, the argument proposes a paradigm shift that dissolves deeply entrenched conceptual barriers. By considering life, technology, cognition, and cosmology under one systemic continuum, we advance a more holistic understanding of organizational emergence at all levels—one that not only unifies scattered theories but also provides practical tools for tackling complex challenges in an interconnected world, transcending the outdated dichotomy between the “natural” and the “artificial. (shrink)

The main foundations of the standard \CDM model of cosmology are that: the redshifts of the galaxies are due to the expansion of the Universe plus peculiar motions; the cosmic microwave background radiation and its anisotropies derive from the high energy primordial Universe when matter and radiation became decoupled; the abundance pattern of the light elements is explained in terms of primordial nucleosynthesis; and the formation and evolution of galaxies can be explained only in terms of gravitation within a (...) inflation + dark matter + dark energy scenario. Numerous tests have been carried out on these ideas and, although the standard model works pretty well in fitting many observations, there are also many data that present apparent caveats to be understood with it. In this paper, I offer a review of these tests and problems, as well as some examples of alternative models. (shrink)

According to Einstein, a universal time does not exist. But what if time is different than what we think of it? Cosmic Microvawe Background Radiation was accepted as a reference for a universal clock and a new time concept has been constructed. According to this new concept, time was tackled as two-dimensional having both a wavelength and a frequency. What our clocks measure is actually a derivation of the frequency of time. A relativistic time dilation actually corresponds to an increase (...) in the wavelength of time. At the point where time wavelength and time frequency is equal, where light is positioned, quantum-world and macro- world are seperated. Gravity was redefined with respect to time and the new two dimensional time fabric of the universe was speculated to be the source of dark energy causing the universe to expand. According to this new point of view quantum realm and macro-world can be better understood. This new time concept provide a basis for our understanding of quantum gravity and provide the long-sought answers to well known problems of it. A prediction of the presented theory is that the universe will expand at various rates at different regions due to the fact that particular surroundings will create different gravities and cause a different gravity- time wavelength effect yielding various time delays for calculating this rate of expansion. (shrink)

Gravitation is interpreted to be an “ontomathematical” force or interaction rather than an only physical one. That approach restores Newton’s original design of universal gravitation in the framework of “The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, which allows for Einstein’s special and general relativity to be also reinterpreted ontomathematically. The entanglement theory of quantum gravitation is inherently involved also ontomathematically by virtue of the consideration of the qubit Hilbert space after entanglement as the Fourier counterpart of pseudo-Riemannian space. Gravitation can be (...) also interpreted as purely mathematical or logical “force” or “interaction” as a corollary from its ontomathematical (rather than physical) realization. The ontomathematical approach to gravitation is implicit in general relativity equating it to operators in pseudo-Riemannian space obeying the Einstein field equation and also well-known by the “geometrization of physics”. Quantum mechanics shares the same by the separable complex Hilbert space and defining “physical quantity” by the Hermitian operators on it. One can interpret special Minkowski space involved by special relativity and the qubit Hilbert space of quantum information as Fourier counterparts immediately noticing that general relativity means gravitation as the Fourier counterpart of non-Hermitian operators implying non-unitarity and the violation of energy conservation and thus destroying Pauli’s particle paradigm. Since the Standard model obeys it, this explains the impossibility of “quantum gravitation” in any framework conservatively generalizing the Standard model so that it would include gravitation along with electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. Einstein’s geometrization of gravitation can be continued into a purely mathematical theory of it following Euclid’s realization for geometry to be exhaustively built in a deductive and axiomatic way as well as Riemann’s parametrization of all the class of Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries by “space curvature”, then being generalized to Minkowski space as the operators on pseudo-Riemannian space as the Einstein field equation means gravitation. The transition from mathematical gravitation to logical one can rely on the historical lesson of the pair of Lobachevski’s and Riemann’s approaches now “reversely”, i.e., from the latter to the former. Logical gravitation is linkable to Hegel’s dialectical logic and ontological dialectics abandoning their interpretations as a new zero logic substituting classical propionyl logic. The approach of ontomathematics generalizing that of ontology, traceable even to Aristotle’s reformation of Plato’s doctrine, needs Hegel’s doctrine to be formalized as a first-order logic naturally containing Boolean algebra, isomorphic to both classical propositional logic and set theory being the class of all first-order logics, as a sub-logic along with Peano arithmetic as another sub-logic. The first-order logic at issue is called Hilbert arithmetic and elaborated in detail in other papers. It allows for both self-foundation of mathematics to be internally proved as complete and furthermore, quantum mechanics reinterpreted as quantum information to be included by the qubit Hilbert space interpretable in turn as a dual and physical counterpart of Hilbert arithmetic in a narrow sense, that is, both counterparts constitute Hilbert arithmetic in a wide sense, being mathematical and physical simultaneously and thus overcoming the Cartesian dualism of “body” gapped from “mind” by an abyss. Then, the proper philosophical interpretation of gravitation to be the fundamental ontomathematical force or interaction overcomes the ridiculous belief of the Big Bang wrongly alleged to be a scientific theory. Ontomathematical gravitation suggests an omnipresent and omnitemporal medium of “God’s” creation “ex nihilo” following only the natural necessity of quantum-information conservation particularly and locally manifested as energy conservation. (shrink)

From the perspective of the Informational Model of Consciousness elaborated and reported recently on the basis of the last discoveries of the quantum mechanics and astrophysics, the meeting horizon between some ancient coherent empirical models of the humanity and our modern scientific results is analyzed. These results are discussed in terms of information, as a central axis relating the universe, the human and inter-humanity connections, and consciousness as an informational tool for the exploration of the reality. Bringing into discussion the (...) relevant recent discoveries of quantum mechanics (Higgs’ boson, disembodiment of information from the physical particles), and matter/information properties near the black holes, it is reinforced the concept of information as one of the fundamental constituent of matter and of our universe, showing that information is actually the base fabric of matter structures, living structures and universe. The huge quantity of dynamic information engaged in the living structures, particularly in the human organism, necessary to maintain the life’s functions and to allow the adaptation requirements, differentiates the living from non-living entities. It is shown that consciousness, human and universe cannot be really understood if it is not introduced on the panoramic scene a new player – dark matter, with more than 20% contribution, besides more than 70% dark energy and only 5% observable matter from the matter total quantity. It is shown also that the Informational Model of Consciousness, consisting in an architecture of seven cognitive centers, converges with the ancient models of chakras, of etheric body and aura concepts, with dual Taoist concepts of universe and human body, contributing with answers to the “mind-body”, “nature or nurture” problems and even to Qualia “hard” problem, and supporting the Jung’s concepts on the mind. Finally, some questions are addressed to the quantum mechanics, concerning the retro-causal effect and non-locality principle. (shrink)

The paper interprets the concept “operator in the separable complex Hilbert space” (particalry, “Hermitian operator” as “quantity” is defined in the “classical” quantum mechanics) by that of “quantum information”. As far as wave function is the characteristic function of the probability (density) distribution for all possible values of a certain quantity to be measured, the definition of quantity in quantum mechanics means any unitary change of the probability (density) distribution. It can be represented as a particular case of “unitary” qubits. (...) The converse interpretation of any qubits as referring to a certain physical quantity implies its generalization to non-Hermitian operators, thus neither unitary, nor conserving energy. Their physical sense, speaking loosely, consists in exchanging temporal moments therefore being implemented out of the space-time “screen”. “Dark matter” and “dark energy” can be explained by the same generalization of “quantity” to non-Hermitian operators only secondarily projected on the pseudo-Riemannian space-time “screen” of general relativity according to Einstein's “Mach’s principle” and his field equation. (shrink)

In this paper, we make a proposal for addressing the cosmological constant problem. Our approach will be based on a reinterpretation of two non-standard de Sitter solutions given by the Einstein vacuum equations with Λ>0. As a first result, we derive an uncertainty principle for both variants of the de Sitter space (Theorem). Subsequently, a decomposition of the cosmological constant in a pair of time-dependent pieces is introduced (Corollary). The time-dependence of the corresponding energy and dark energy (...) density is discussed and especially matched at the Planck scale. Furthermore, we show that for every instant of cosmic time this approach can be revealed in terms of a Schwarzschild-Anti-de Sitter cosmology with Λ>0. The corresponding field equations are provided. (shrink)

The wave function: ψuniverse(t) in the Fractal Bindu (S3) of Reality offers a paradigm shift in our understanding of cosmology. Unlike ΛCDM, which relies on empirically fitted parameters, this model emerges from a single, mathematically coherent framework: a compact, three-dimensional sphere (S³) where energy, space, and time evolve through fractal self-organization. -/- Rooted in the golden ratio ϕ≈1.618\phi \approx 1.618ϕ≈1.618 this theory replaces arbitrary cosmological constants with a natural, recursive structure that predicts the evolution of energy density without (...) dark energy. -/- The Universe unfolds in two fundamental phases: -/- A pre-recombination fractal expansion governed by R(t)=lP⋅ϕN(t)R(t) = l_P \cdot \phi^{N(t)}R(t)=lP⋅ϕN(t) where N(t)N(t)N(t) is the discrete fractal level at time ttt. A post-recombination exponential growth following R(t)=Rrec⋅eH(t−trec)R(t) = R_{\text{rec}} \cdot e^{H (t - t_{\text{rec}})}R(t)=Rrec⋅eH(t−trec) where energy remains fixed at Etotal=7.21×1069 J.E_{\text{total}} = 7.21 \times 10^{69} \text{ J}.Etotal=7.21×1069 J. This leads directly to the precise observed values: -/- Today’s critical density: ρtoday=7.74×10−10 J/m3\rho_{\text{today}} = 7.74 \times 10^{-10} \text{ J/m}^3ρtoday=7.74×10−10 J/m3 CMB radiation density: ρrad=4.64×10−31 J/m3\rho_{\text{rad}} = 4.64 \times 10^{-31} \text{ J/m}^3ρrad=4.64×10−31 J/m3 Current observable Universe radius: Rtoday=1.305×1026 m.R_{\text{today}} = 1.305 \times 10^{26} \text{ m}.Rtoday=1.305×1026 m. Unlike ΛCDM, which introduces Ω_Λ and Ω_m as empirical corrections, this model derives the correct density evolution from first principles, eliminating the need for dark energy. The model also correctly predicts intermediate density transitions (e.g., at z = 1) in agreement with supernova data and large-scale structure measurements. -/- Refinements and Lessons Learned: This iteration incorporates insights from rigorous analysis, correcting common misinterpretations: -/- Energy is fixed—errors arise when attempting to scale E_total, rather than distributing it across an expanding S³. Fractal scaling applies to radius, not density—misapplying ϕ to density directly distorts predictions. ρ(t)=Etotal/V(t)\rho(t) = E_{\text{total}} / V(t)ρ(t)=Etotal/V(t) remains the fundamental law, ensuring a consistent and self-regulating cosmology. Through this recursive scaling mechanism, "Fractal Bindu (S3)" unites quantum coherence, gravitational lensing, and cosmic acceleration into a single, interwoven framework—one that is mathematically rigorous, empirically validated, and conceptually elegant. This is more than just a cosmological model—it is a cohesive vision of the Universe, where mathematics and physics converge in a structure that is as predictive as it is profound. -/- Namaste! (shrink)

This short commentary discusses the importance of space-time intervals in scientific study. Space-time intervals underlie special relativity, general relativity, and quantum field theory. In doing so, space-time intervals underlie human conscious experience, gravity, and a theory of everything. Space-time intervals also explain many puzzling scientific phenomena: quantum phenomena, dark matter, dark energy, the origin and evolution of the universe, and the life force. The importance of space-time intervals cannot be overestimated. Two articles published in Neuroquantology explain how (...) all this was established from empirical evidence and theory. (shrink)

Four simple postulates are presented, from which we derive a (3+1)‑dimensional structure, interpreted as ordinary space and time. We then derive further properties of space: isotropy and homogeneity; a rapid expansion within the first instant of time (i.e. inflation); and a continual and uniform expansionary pressure, due to a continual influx of (non-zero-point) energy that is uniformly distributed (i.e. dark energy). In addition, the time dimension is shown to have an "arrow". These results suggest that the four (...) postulates may be fundamental to the construction of the physical universe. (shrink)