The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the characteristic function of a neutrosophic set. After given the fundamental definitions of neutrosophic set operations generated by the characteristic function of a neutrosophic set ( Ng for short), we obtain several properties, and discussed the relationship between neutrosophic sets generated by Ng and others. Finally, we introduce the neutrosophic topological spaces generated by Ng . Possible application to GIS topology rules are touched upon.

This study examined school characteristics and secondary school teachers’ work effectiveness in Abi Local Government Area of Cross River State. Specifically, the study examined the influence of school location, school population, and school ownership on secondary school teachers’ work effectiveness respectively. Three research questions were posed and three null hypotheses were formulated accordingly to guide the study. The design adopted for the study was a descriptive survey research design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of (...) 156 respondents out of a population of 549 teachers. A questionnaire titled “Teachers’ work effectiveness questionnaire” (TWEQ) was used as an instrument for data collection. Collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while the null hypotheses were all tested at .05 level of significance using the independent t-test statistical technique. The results of the analysis revealed that school characteristics such as location, population, and ownership, influenced secondary school teachers’ work effectiveness respectively. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that; teachers should be motivated using intrinsic and extrinsic channels such as praises, rewards for outstanding performance, regular payment of salaries, promotion and other incentives such as improved working conditions, good classroom, and office environment, and so on, for improved work performance. (shrink)

The study investigated school characteristics and enrolment trend in upper basic schools in Akwa Ibom State Nigeria from 2008-2016. Two research questions were answered while two null hypotheses were also tested. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Census technique was adopted in selecting all the 227 public upper basic schools in the area of study. An instrument tagged “School Characteristics and Enrolment in Upper Basic Schools Checklist (SCEUBSC)” was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (percentages) was (...) used to summarize data relating to the research questions, bar chart was used for illustrations of the enrolment pattern while independent t-test was used to test the two null hypotheses at .05 alpha level. Findings revealed that enrolment in upper basic schools in Akwa Ibom State was high in single-sex schools and boarding schools, while it was low in mixed-sex schools and day schools. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there was an upward trend in enrolment in all the schools from 2008- 2013 and a downward trend from 2015-2016. It was recommended among others that research allocation in terms of personnel and infrastructures should be evenly distributed across the state as these will reduce rural-urban migration. Keywords:. (shrink)

The article investigates the main characteristics of the financial stability of Ukrainian banks, their risk profile, structure of assets, liabilities, income, expenses based on the monthly reporting data for 2004-2020 (number of observations – 3 813). The Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) toolkit is used to form homogeneous groups of banks based on a large number of financial indicators. The selected toolkit provides a convenient visualization of the results. Each bank occupies a specific place on the SOM. The close location (...) of banks on the map indicates that these banks have many common characteristics. This study is called the method of structural and functional groups of banks. The study formed stable groups of banks with the same characteristics of business models and risk profile. The formation of consecutive maps for each reporting period allows to obtain the characteristics of each bank separately and the banking system as a whole. The trajectory of an individual bank’s activity during the observation period characterizes the development of its business strategy. The migration of a large number of banks between groups reflects the objective changes in the conditions of banking. Increasing groups of high-risk banks indicate systemic problems. The results show that after a significant reduction in the banking system of Ukraine in 2014-2016, the business models of banks have changed significantly. The resource base relies on unstable sources of current funds with no set term of use. In the assets of banks, a significant portion is invested in government securities – government bonds. Bank loan portfolios have declined and have a higher proportion of non-performing assets (NPL). Many banks have increased currency risk. Concerns are raised about the state of large state-owned banks that hold a separate high-risk group. Thus, the conducted research allows to distinguish groups of banks with specific characteristics of business models and to observe changes of risk profile inherent to these groups. For each structural-functional group, changes in the values of financial indicators are investigated and migration between groups is studied. The proposed methodology is useful for studying both macro and macro levels. (shrink)

Objectives: The growing rate of retraction of scientific publications has attracted much attention within the academic community, but there is little knowledge about the nature of such retractions in schizophrenia-related research. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of retractions of schizophrenia-related publications.

Russian aggression against Ukraine has become one of the most serious challenges for the international security system. One of the regions where Russian propaganda has been spread widely is Latin America. And one of the countries especially influenced by the Russian disinformation in the region is Brazil. The goal of this article is to define characteristics of the Russian propaganda in Latin America regarding Russian aggression against Ukraine, particularly, look at the case of Brazil, trace features of the Kremlin (...) propaganda in this country at the current stage and outline possible ways of countering this propaganda. It can be concluded that Russian propaganda in Latin American and in Brazil, particularly, has several specific characteristics-it is widespread, long-standing and generally supported. Key current narratives concerning the ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine include the nuclear threat, calls for peace negotiations between Ukraine and Russia and accusing the West of russofobia. Other false narratives include accusing Ukraine of war crimes and provocations, as well as dangers of further “escalation” of the war. Among reasons for common misconceptions about the Russia-Ukraine war in Brazil one can name a simple lack of information and familiarity with the local politics. This gap is partially the result of Ukraine’s insufficient communication with the Latin American and Brazilian audiences and the countries’ lack of interest in each other for many years. In order to counter Russian propaganda in Latin American and Brazil, in particular, Ukraine should enhance its communication and diplomatic efforts, cooperate with the Ukrainian diaspora in the region and consistently deconstruct Russian disinformation narratives. In the long-term perspective, it is worthwhile increasing opportunities to study the Spanish and Portuguese languages and have respective Regional Studies courses at Ukrainian educational institutions. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on feeding habits of inhabitants of Katagum local government Area of Bauchi state, Nigeria. The two nominal independent variables used in the descriptive survey are income level, and culture/ethnicity. This study employed the descriptive survey design. The population of the study was drawn from three districts council of Katagum local Government Area in Bauchi State Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety nine (399) respondents was conveniently selected using (...) stratified random sampling and convenient sampling techniques, the instrument used for collecting data for this study was questionnaire named Socio-demographic characteristics data (SDCDQ) and food frequency list (FFL), data collected was statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that income level was not significantly influenced by the feeding habit of the Katagum inhabitants, which implies that there is no significant difference between feeding habit and income level. The findings further discovered that culture/ethnicity shows there is no significant difference between feeding habit and culture/ethnicity; the study concludes that the inhabitant feeding habit was not influenced by their various cultures. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that the government should ensure food self-sufficiency and provide necessary infrastructure to stimulate economic activities, enhance incomes and improve living conditions of the poor. (shrink)

Electronic commerce is important, and perhaps, inevitable. Thus, to consider the legal implications of the growth and development of electronic commerce is essential. However, the lack of suitable dispute resolution mechanisms in cyberspace will constitute a serious obstacle to the further development of electronic commerce. Bearing this in mind, this thesis argues that when Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) moves to cyberspace, particularly arbitration and mediation as the main types of ADR, the form of Online Alternative Dispute Resolution (OADR) can maximize (...) the growth of e-commerce. (shrink)

Background -/- Retraction is a correction process for the scientific literature that acts as a barrier to the dissemination of articles that have serious faults or misleading data. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of retracted papers from Kazakhstan. Methods -/- Utilizing data from Retraction Watch, this cross-sectional descriptive analysis documented all retracted papers from Kazakhstan without regard to publication dates. The following data were recorded: publication title, DOI number, number of authors, publication date, retraction (...) date, source, publication type, subject category of publication, collaborating country, and retraction reason. Source index status, Scopus citation value, and Altmetric Attention Score were obtained. Results -/- Following the search, a total of 92 retracted papers were discovered. One duplicate article was excluded, leaving 91 publications for analysis. Most articles were retracted in 2022 (n = 22) and 2018 (n = 19). Among the identified publications, 49 (53.9%) were research articles, 39 (42.9%) were conference papers, 2 (2.2%) were review articles, and 1 (1.1%) was a book chapter. Russia (n = 24) and China (n = 5) were the most collaborative countries in the retracted publications. Fake-biased peer review (n = 38), plagiarism (n = 25), and duplication (n = 14) were the leading causes of retraction. Conclusion -/- The vast majority of the publications were research articles and conference papers. Russia was the leading collaborative country. The most prominent retraction reasons were fake-biased peer review, plagiarism, and duplication. Efforts to raise researchers’ understanding of the grounds for retraction and ethical research techniques are required in Kazakhstan. (shrink)

Spatial facilitation has been observed with luminance-defined, achromatic stimuli on achromatic backgrounds as well as with targets and inducers defined by colour contrast. This paper reviews psychophysical results from detection experiments with human observers showing the conditions under which spatially separated contour inducers facilitate the detection of simultaneously presented target stimuli. The findings point towards two types of spatial mechanisms: (i) Short-range mechanisms that are sensitive to narrowly spaced stimuli of small size and, at distinct target locations, selective to the (...) contrast polarity of targets and inducers. (ii) Long-range mechanisms that are triggered by longer stimuli, generate facilitation across wider spatial gaps between targets and inducers, and are insensitive to their contrast polarity. Spatial facilitation with chromatic stimuli requires a longer inducer exposure than spatial facilitation with achromatic stimuli, which is already fully effective at inducer exposures of 30 ms. This difference in temporal dynamics indicates some functional segregation between mechanisms for colour and luminance contrast in the perception of space. (shrink)

The paper presents a novel take on the character of South Africa’s governance structure. It argues that, insofar as it constitutionally recognises traditional authorities, figures who rule in accordance with idiosyncratic and localised customary laws, as well as instigate a cheek-by-jowl existence of an asymmetrical property law (where in the urban setting land is nominally bought or transferred for sale, but in traditional rural areas granted by the chief), manifest in the differentiated land laws brought about by the Communal Land (...) Rights Act of 2003, is more akin to, and necessitates a definitional alignment with, the federal system of government than a unitary one – or at least a weak “federalism with South African characteristics.”. (shrink)

The article focuses on the study of specific characteristics of seaports development under conditions of digitalization. The article aims to study features of the development of the international seaport under digitalization to implement the best achievements in Ukraine. The main research method was a systemic-structural approach used to examine seaport digitalization as a part of a logistics chain, including horizontal and vertical links between its elements. To achieve an effective digital transformation, we also used the above method. It helped (...) to study how the factors determined during the study of international practices and possible innovations influence the object under study. The practices, which are of interest for Ukraine and other developing countries, were identified based on the international experience in seaports development under digitalization. The main strategic directions for the digital transformations of the above infrastructural objects were suggested. They involve increasing seaport competitiveness and their effectiveness in the framework of the international transport system. The directions are of interest for public authorities of the governmental and regional levels (while establishing the digitalization policy in the area of sea transport) and the port administrations (while making justified strategic decisions for their development). (shrink)

Economic models describe individuals in terms of underlying characteristics, such as taste for some good, sympathy level for another player, time discount rate, risk attitude, and so on. In real life, such characteristics change through experiences: taste for Mozart changes through listening to it, sympathy for another player through observing his moves, and so on. Models typically ignore change, not just for simplicity but also because it is unclear how to incorporate change. I introduce a general axiomatic framework (...) for defining, analysing and comparing rival models of change. I show that seemingly basic postulates on modelling change together have strong implications, like irrelevance of the order in which someone has his experiences and ‘linearity’ of change. This is a step towards placing the modelling of change on solid axiomatic grounds and enabling non-arbitrary incorporation of change into economic models. (shrink)

This paper determines the adoption levels of demand oriented green practices by hotels in Zimbabwe and then regresses these adoption levels with hotel characteristics. The study was prompted by the need to balance off the supply led skew in the country’s endeavours to project and promote itself as a green tourism destination and also to raise awareness of the need to accentuate the guest dimension in the greening of hotel operations as called for by various authors at a global (...) scale. 50 out of the 124 registered hotels in the country constituted the study units. A quantitative research design was adopted for the research and the data was gathered through direct observation using an observation checklist. In terms of the first hypothesis, this study concluded that the adoption levels of demand oriented green practices by hotels in the country, was only 16% of those identified in existing literature. For the second hypothesis, the research rejects the alternate hypothesis and thus concludes that there is no significant relationship between hotel characteristics in the country and their adoption of demand oriented green practices. This conclusion is unexpected, surprising and a cause for concern for the country as one would expect higher quality hotels to be more sensitive to global trends on green issues. The study therefore suggests several ways by which hotels in the country edify the guest dimension in their greening efforts. Further research could be carried out to determine guest perceptions and attitudes towards these demand oriented green hotel practices. (shrink)

The study determined the influence of innate mathematical characteristics on the number sense competencies of junior high school students in a Philippine public school. The descriptive-correlational research design was used to accomplish the study involving a nonrandom sample of sixty 7th-grade students attending synchronous math sessions. Data obtained from the math-specific Learning Style and Self-Efficacy questionnaires and the modified Number Sense Test (NST) were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-Square, and Simple Linear Regression analysis. The research instruments (...) and statistics were all validated and tested for reliability. The analysis revealed that the students are visual learners, had no or slight self-efficacy, and their number sense competency level is poor. They encountered difficulty in all the components and domains of the NST. Moreover, the students’ mathematical self-efficacy is significantly related and may influence their number sense competency level. Building upon the learners’ self-efficacy to further their understanding and skills in number sense is necessary. (shrink)

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the level of leadership characteristics among Palestinian police employees in Gaza Strip in light of the Corona pandemic, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive approach in its analytical method, using a questionnaire applied to the police officers at the Central Governorate Police Station, whose number is (113) individuals, they were Selected using stratified randomly method, and the study resulted in a set of results, the most important (...) of which is that the level of leadership traits among employees in the Palestinian police in Gaza Strip, which came with a relative weight (76.20%), which is to a large extent, there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the estimates of the study sample On the level of leadership characteristics in the Palestinian police in Gaza Strip attributable to the variable of age group, academic qualification, scientific specialization, practical experience, and in light of these results the researchers suggested a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: The need to tighten penalties for individuals who violate the instructions issued by the Ministry of Interior in light of the outbreak of the Corona epidemic Increasing interest in preparing and organizing specialized training courses and programs in the field of managing dealing with all different segments in order to preserve the lives of people from the Corona epidemic. (shrink)

Recently, due to the rapid progress of computer technology, researchers develop an effective computer program to enhance the achievement of the student in learning process, which is Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). Science is important because it influences most aspects of everyday life, including food, energy, medicine, leisure activities and more. So learning science subject at school is very useful, but the students face some problem in learning it. So we designed an ITS system to help them understand this subject easily (...) and smoothly by analyzing it and explaining it in a systematic way. In this paper, we describe the design of an Intelligent Tutoring System for teaching science for grade seven to help students know the 7 characteristics for living things smoothly. The system provides all topics of living things and generates some questions for each topic and the students should answer these questions correctly to move to the next level. In the result of an evaluation of the ITS, students like the system and they said that it is very useful for them and for their studies. (shrink)

In the article we consider the relationship of traditional provisions of basic logical concepts and confront them with new and modern approaches to the same concepts. Logic is characterized in different ways when it is associated with syllogistics (referential – semantical model of logic) or with symbolic logic (inferential – syntactical model of logic). This is not only a difference in the logical calculation of (1) concepts, (2) statements, and (3) predicates, but this difference also appears in the treatment of (...) the calculative abilities of logical forms, the ontological-referential status of conceptual content and the inferential-categorical status of logical forms. The basic markers or basic ideas that separate ontologically oriented logic from categorically oriented logic are the (1) concept of truth, the (2) concept of meaning, the (3) concept of identity, and the (4) concept of predication. Here, this differences are explicitly demonstrated by the introduction of differential terminology. From this differential methodology follows a new set of characterizations of logic. (shrink)

Drawing on upper echelon theory, this study investigates the impact of CEOs’ (chief executive officers) demographic characteristics on corporate environmental performance (CEP) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We hypothesized that CEO characteristics, including gender, age, basic educational level, professional educational level, political connection, and ethnicity, affect SMEs’ environmental performance. Using the cross-sectional data analysis of 810 Vietnamese SMEs, this study provides evidence that female CEOs and CEOs’ educational level (both basic and professional) are positively related to the (...) probability of CEP. We also find that based on the role of institutional environment on CEP, political connections had a negative effect on CEP in the context of Vietnam. Another finding is that SMEs with chief executives from ethnic minority groups show a higher level of the probability of corporate environmental performance than companies operated by Kinh chief executives. Since CEP is an essential dimension of corporate social responsibility, a strategic decision for SMEs, it is crucial for the company to select appropriate CEOs based on their demographic characteristics. (shrink)

The following article reconstructs Plato’s argument for the existence of god in Laws X. The article starts with interpreting the argument for the priority of soul and continues with a discussion of the argumentation for rationality of the soul in charge of heavens . The view defended here is that Plato first defines the essential characteristics of the divine, namely self-motion and rationality, and then shows that there are entities which possess these characteristics and therefore deserve to be (...) called gods or divine. The article further shows that several sub-arguments mirror the structure of the overall proof. (shrink)

My aim in this paper is to identify the wrong that is done in all cases of testimonial injustice, if there is one. Miranda Fricker (2007) proposes one account of this distinctive wrong, and Gaile Pohlhaus Jr. (2014) offers another. I think neither works. Nor does an account based on giving due respect to the testifier's epistemic competence. Nor does an account based on exposing the testifier to substantial risk of harm. Rachel Fraser (2023) describes a further account, and the (...) proposal I favour is a slight amendment of this. (shrink)

This paper presents phenomenology of out- of-body experiences (OBEs) occurring spontaneously or pathologically triggered as well as other types of anomalous perceptual experiences such as near- death- experiences (NDEs), temporal lobe irregularities, and ictal autoscopic phenomena (IAP). The paper further presents a brief overview of some of the OBEs studied in both the healthy and pathological populations, as well as anomalous perceptual experiences, with features common to OBEs, in the healthy population, as well as, pathological population. -/- .

Traditional studies have shown that the moral judgments are influenced by many biasing factors, like the consequences of a behavior, certain characteristics of the agent who commits the act, or the words chosen to describe the behavior. In the present study we investigated a new factor that could bias the evaluation of morally relevant human behavior: the perceived similarity between the participants and the agent described in the moral scenario. The participants read a story about a driver who illegally (...) overtook another car and hit a pedestrian who was crossing the street. The latter was taken to the hospital with a broken leg. The driver was described either as being similar to the participant (a student, 21 years old, the same gender as th­e participant) or dissimilar (a retired person, 69 years old, different gender as the participant). The results show that the participants from the increased similarity group expressed more lenient evaluations of the immorality of the driver’s behavior compared to the participants from the decreased similarity group. The results are discussed within a framework which puts emphasis on motivational and protective reasons. (shrink)

Abstract— Waste Polyvinyl chloride-bitumen composites were prepared in the molten state by addition waste PVC pipes to commercial bitumen in different concentrations. The original material of the pure bitumen and bitumen composites are rheologically characterized. The viscoelastic properties such as shear compliance, torque and viscosity were measured and compared. These properties were studied using an ARES- Rheometer (Rheometric Scientific, Co.) equipment. The measurements were performed in the dynamic mode, plate-plate geometry of 25 mm diameter over the temperature range from –10 (...) to 60°C and angular frequency, varied from 102 to10-1 radian/s. The results are compared at reference temperatures10 and 60°C over a wide range of . The results evidence that the incorporation of the waste PVC into bitumen enhances the dynamic viscosity. The results evidence that the incorporation of the waste PVC into bitumen enhances the torque and the viscosity. So, the stability of the bitumen composites is more noticeable at 60°C. (shrink)

Abstract— Waste Polyvinyl chloride-bitumen composites were prepared in the molten state by addition waste PVC pipes to commercial bitumen in different concentrations. The original material of the pure bitumen and bitumen composites are rheologically characterized. The viscoelastic properties such as shear compliance, torque and viscosity were measured and compared. These properties were studied using an ARES- Rheometer (Rheometric Scientific, Co.) equipment. The measurements were performed in the dynamic mode, plate-plate geometry of 25 mm diameter over the temperature range from –10 (...) to 60°C and angular frequency, varied from 102 to10-1 radian/s. The results are compared at reference temperatures10 and 60°C over a wide range of . The results evidence that the incorporation of the waste PVC into bitumen enhances the dynamic mechanical moduli and the viscosity. The moduli were found to rise with increasing the waste PVC content. The stability of the bitumen blends is more noticeable at 60°C as confirmed by the results. (shrink)

The unusually loyal supporters of Donald Trump are often described as a cult. How can we understand this extreme phenomenon in U.S. politics? We develop theoretical expectations and use the Big Five personality dimensions to investigate whether Trump's most loyal supporters share personality characteristics that might make them inclined to cult-like support. We find that (1) Trump's supporters share high levels of Conscientiousness; (2) this is substantively and statistically distinguishable from the commonly identified association between Conscientiousness and Conservatism; and (...) (3) the association is highly robust to a range of sensitivity tests. Our main findings are robust across two surveys. Study 1 is an online survey conducted in 2021 designed specifically for this project. Study 2 is the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES). (shrink)

Abstract: The efficiency and performance of sorting algorithms play a crucial role in various applications and industries. In this research paper, we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of popular sorting algorithms on datasets of different sizes and characteristics. The aim is to evaluate the algorithms' performance and identify their strengths and weaknesses under varying scenarios. We consider six commonly used sorting algorithms: QuickSort, TimSort, MergeSort, HeapSort, RadixSort, and ShellSort. These algorithms represent a range of approaches and techniques, including divide-and-conquer, (...) hybrid sorting, and simple comparison-based methods. To assess their performance, we employ a diverse set of datasets, including the Iris dataset (1K), student dataset (5.8K), Wine dataset (6.5K), Uniform (10K), Normal (10K), Exponential (10K), Bimodal (10K), Yelp dataset (10K), MNIST dataset (42K), Uniform (100K), Normal (100K), Exponential (100K), Bimodal (100K), Uniform (500K), Normal (500K), Exponential (500K), Bimodal (500K), Uniform (1M), Normal (1M), Exponential (1M), and Bimodal (1M). These datasets cover a wide range of sizes and characteristics, allowing us to analyze the algorithms' performance across different dimensions. We measure and compare several key metrics, including execution time, memory usage, algorithmic complexity and stability. By analyzing these metrics, we gain insights into the efficiency and suitability of each algorithm for different dataset sizes and characteristics. We also discuss the implications of the findings in practical applications. Our results reveal important trade-offs among the sorting algorithms. While some algorithms excel in certain scenarios, others demonstrate better scalability or memory efficiency. We identify the best-performing algorithms for specific dataset characteristics and highlight their strengths and limitations. This research can assist developers and practitioners in selecting appropriate sorting algorithms based on their specific requirements and dataset characteristics. In conclusion, this comparative analysis provides a valuable contribution to the understanding of sorting algorithm performance. The findings contribute insights into the efficiency and suitability of popular sorting algorithms across datasets of different sizes and characteristics. By evaluating key metrics and discussing the implications, we offer guidance for selecting the most appropriate sorting algorithm in various practical scenarios. (shrink)

The letter analyzes the country-specific structural stigma in the modern media development of People’s Republic of China. It raises the issues on unconventional cybersecurity risks in mental & psychological health with a lens of justice in gender & marriage, and critical discourses in the media environment with the Chinese revisionist nationalism. It studied media coercion in relation to the breaches of humanitarian law in the constitutionalism context of PRC, and adopted a critical theory approach to religion with the background of (...) the militarization of religion by the Chinese “United Front”. With the non-identity problem in the totalitarian regime, structural stigma is analyzed with coercion theory and religion in queer gender. Ménage à trois is justified by case specificity in human development and global economy. (shrink)

The legal progression in China is portrayed negatively by western scholars who often argue that the state institutions in China are subordinate to the control of Chinese Communist Party’s leadership which makes these institutions politically insignificant. We consider that the legal progression in China has an instrumental role in achieving “Harmonious Socialist Society.” The purpose of this thesis is to provide an analytical literature review of scholastic work to explain the legality of rule of law in China and to elaborate (...) the outcomes of China’s recent legal developments. This paper has two main subjects. First, it examines the nature of law and rule of law in China through the prism of different legal theories. Secondly, by arguing from different political theories, it explains the necessity of customized legal system in China for establishing a Harmonious Socialist Society. By giving different examples from contemporary China, this thesis argues that the legality of the rule of law in China ought to be understood in the context of China’s economic and social progression rather than the western legal scholarship. China’s economic progress demands a customized legal system. In our thesis, we claim that the regular upgradation of laws and introduction of constitutional amendments in China, should be recognized as important achievement which is required for the institutional innovation. Legal progression in China during last decade perfectly fit into the framework of “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics” and is very crucial for building a harmonious socialist society. It is vivid from China’s economic growth and developed international relations. Finally, this paper suggests that the Chinese legal progression can be taken as successful example of legal experimentalism. (shrink)

A Study of Perennial Philosophy and Psychedelic Experience, with a Proposal to Revise W. T. Stace’s Core Characteristics of Mystical Experience ©Ed D’Angelo 2018 -/- Abstract -/- According to the prevailing paradigm in psychedelic research today, when used within an appropriate set and setting, psychedelics can reliably produce an authentic mystical experience. According to the prevailing paradigm, an authentic mystical experience is one that possesses the common or universal characteristics of mystical experience as identified by the philosopher W. (...) T. Stace in his 1960 work Mysticism and Philosophy. Stace’s common characteristics of mystical experience are the basis for the Hood Mysticism Questionnaire, which is the most widely used quantitative measure of mystical experience in experimental studies of psychedelic experience. In this paper, I trace the historical roots of Stace’s common characteristics of mystical experience back to Christian Neoplatonism and apophatic theology, and I trace those, in turn, back to Plato’s concept of the Good and to Aristotle’s concept of God as active intellect. I argue that Stace’s common characteristics of mystical experience are not universal or culturally invariant but are the product of a specifically Christian religious and moral tradition that has its roots in ancient Greek metaphysics. My paper concludes with a revised list of common characteristics of psychedelic experience that is a better candidate for a list of invariant structures of psychedelic experience than Stace’s common characteristics of Christian mystical experience. (shrink)

This paper is an attempt to describe the rationale behind recent Chinese Political-Legal Reforms. The article proposes an alternate to the “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”.

Background The purpose of this study was to examine whether extended use of a variety of screen-based devices, in addition to television, was associated with poor dietary habits and other health-related characteristics and behaviors among US adults. The recent phenomenon of binge-watching was also explored. -/- Methods A survey to assess screen time across multiple devices, dietary habits, sleep duration and quality, perceived stress, self-rated health, physical activity, and body mass index, was administered to a sample of US adults (...) using the Qualtrics platform and distributed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were adults 18 years of age and older, English speakers, current US residents, and owners of a television and at least one other device with a screen. Three different screen time categories (heavy, moderate, and light) were created for total screen time, and separately for screen time by type of screen, based on distribution tertiles. Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to examine differences in dietary habits and health-related characteristics between screen time categories. -/- Results Aggregate screen time across all devices totaled 17.5 h per day for heavy users. Heavy users reported the least healthful dietary patterns and the poorest health-related characteristics – including self-rated health – compared to moderate and light users. Moreover, unique dietary habits emerged when examining dietary patterns by type of screen separately, such that heavy users of TV and smartphone displayed the least healthful dietary patterns compared to heavy users of TV-connected devices, laptop, and tablet. Binge-watching was also significantly associated with less healthy dietary patterns, including frequency of fast-food consumption as well as eating family meals in front of a television, and perceived stress. -/- Conclusions The present study found that poorer dietary choices, as well as other negative health-related impacts, occurred more often as the viewing time of a variety of different screen-based devices increased in a sample of US adults. Future research is needed to better understand what factors among different screen-based devices might affect health behaviors and in turn health-related outcomes. Research is also required to better understand how binge-watching behavior contributes impacts health-related behaviors and characteristics. (shrink)

The article is aimed to identify the influence of style of leadership onto the characteristic features of the organizational culture of tourism enterprises. A detailed analysis of the scientific literature about leadership styles has been conducted, wherein some peculiarities of their implementation in the tourism enterprises of Ukraine has been disclosed. The integrated definition of leadership has been updated in view of the current socio-economic conditions. Role of style of leadership as a determinant for type of organizational culture has been (...) proven. Particular attention is paid to the devastating (neurotic) style and the style of non-intervention, which are still not covered by Ukrainian researchers, however, they are relevant for understanding peculiarities of formation and management of the organizational culture related to the tourism and hospitality enterprises. In course of the study the following methods of scientific research have been used: ideographic; formal; content analysis; analysis and synthesis; correlation analysis. The results obtained can be used by practicing managers for selection of a management style, suitable for the established or emerging organizational culture at the enterprise. (shrink)

This study analyzed the behavioral characteristics of ICT users among postgraduate students leveraging the Latent Class Analysis (LCA). The study, anchored on the Planned Behavior Theory, followed the exploratory research design. It adopted the cluster random sampling technique in selecting 1,023 respondents from a population of 2,923 postgraduate students in four federal universities in South-South Nigeria. “Behavioural Characteristics and Job Creation Questionnaire (BCJCQ),” developed by the researchers, was used for data collection. Upon data collection and LCA analysis, the (...) five-class solution was accepted as the best-fitting model, based on statistical fit indicators (such as AIC, BIC, entropy, Gsq, and Chsq) and theoretical grounds. Consequently, five classes of behavioral ICT users were identified and named based on their item–response probability, conditional on class. The five classes were named Trendy, Outmoded, Pragmatic, Disciplined, and Social users of ICT, with their unique characteristics discussed. The study tested for job creation differences among the classes using a one-way ANOVA and found a significant difference. On average, pragmatic users of ICT created more jobs than social, disciplined, and outmoded users. Trendy users were, on average, the minor job-creating class of ICT users. The study compared the bivariate differences in job creation among the classes using the Tukey HSD test of multiple pairwise comparisons. Based on the results obtained, discussions were made with implications for further research in the evolving area of LCA. (shrink)

One of the most striking features of the economic development that has occurred in the East Asian region has been the influential role of the state in directing its course. Vietnam is also following this well-worn path of state-led developmentalism. The principal contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, we place the Vietnamese experience in comparative historical and conceptual perspective. It is suggested that the structure of the Vietnamese state itself and the distinctive nature of the policies it has undertaken (...) are reflections of the country’s traumatic recent history and the fact that its leadership is notionally ‘‘communist.’’ Our second contribution is to detail some of the more important aspects of this process. We provide two case studies which focus on the role of state-owned enterprises and decentralisation initiatives which demonstrate that, despite the frequently ad hoc and contingent nature of the developmental project and an absence of the sort of state capacity that distinguished the likes of Japan in its heyday, the Vietnamese government is overseeing economic development in creative and surprisingly effective ways. (shrink)

The Concept of Life and Death of Chuang-tzu have inherited and developed Confucianism and Taoism thoughts, establishing Ontological foundation of "Life - Body", distinguishing the transcendental concept of "Dead Heart" and the empirical concept of "Death Body", as well as proposing the thought of "Equivalence of Life and Death" finally. The logic Reasoning of Chuang-tzu "Equivalence of Life and Death", start from constructing the equal status of "Life" and “Death" from ontological argument. Life and Death then are reduced to be (...) a natural phenomenon to dispel its mystery. With emphasizing the social connotation of life and death, the difference between them has been removed, and finally the Thought experiment of "Chuang-tzu dreaming butterfly" has deepened the idea of "Equivalence of Life and Death". The Ideological Characteristic of the Concept of Life and Death of Chuang-tzu mainly reflects in the aspects of Ontology, Epistemology and Ethical practice. (shrink)

The philosophy of education, being an integrative and anthropologic knowledge, has to perform a prognostic and axiological function, forming a perspective of a world-view genesis of personality and provide theoretical and methodological background for the innovation processes in the education. The forming of harmonious, intellectually developed, creative, conscientious, responsible, purposeful and healthy human personality – these are all the main tasks of the educational system. There are many approaches in performing of such strategic task. One of them, starting from the (...) urgency of a problem of sexual indifference of a modern school education, is presented in a single-sex format of education and is based upon individual approach to the education and upbringing of each and every pupil, taking into account the gender peculiarities of development. In this article we analyze the influence of a single-sex format of education on the process of forming of pupils’ personality, taking into account the age periodization of individual ontogenesis. We developed cognitive, motivational and psychological peculiarities of boys and girls during the periods of childhood and youth. Theoretical comprehension of a need in taking into consideration of the gender characteristics of pupils within the educational process – has been proved on practices, implementing the gender-orientated separate education in schools that demonstrates very positive results. There was made a conclusion about the fact, that the system of gender-orientated separated education has a strong potential of enhancing quality of a pedagogical process and helps to form the personalities of those who study. This can be achieved by taking into account the psychological, physiological and pedagogical peculiarities of boys and girls, by following in the process of educational activities the principals of egalitarianism, nature conformity, self-actualization, creative initiative, democracy and humanism, by creating of an environment, that will be free from impact of gender stereotypes and prejudice. (shrink)

CARACTERÍSTICAS GERAIS DO GADO BOVINO -/- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CATTLE BOVINE -/- CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DEL GANADO BOVINO -/- 1 TAXONOMIA DOS BOVINOS -/- Consideramos, nesse primeiro tópico, a taxonomia (ordenação e classificação das espécies animais e vegetais, onde também pode-se encontrar a relação de familiaridade entre organismos distintos e/ou iguais, bem como sua evolução em diversos aspectos: físico, motor, locomoção, anatomia, etc.) dos bovinos. É levado em consideração os itens mais relevantes e mais estudados em Zootecnia, Biologia, Medicina Veterinária, (...) etc. Observe o quadro a seguir: -/- Phylum -/- Chordata/Cordados (com espinha dorsal) -/- Subphylum -/- Vertebrata/Vertebrados -/- Classe -/- Mammalia/Mamíferos (pelos na pele e glândulas mamárias desenvolvidas) -/- Subclasse -/- Theria -/- Infraclasse -/- Eutheria -/- Ordem -/- Artrioctyla/Artiodátilos (dois dedos; 3 e 4 falanges) -/- Subordem -/- Ruminantia/Ruminantes (sem incisivos superiores e quatro compartimentos) -/- Infraordem -/- Pecora -/- Família -/- Bovidae -/- Gênero -/- Bos -/- Espécie -/- Taurus -/- Subespécie -/- Taurus ou Indicus -/- 2 CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS, BIOLÓGICAS E ZOOTÉCNICAS -/- Apresento as principais características quanto ao regime alimentar, à anatomia estomacal que faz com que o animal seja denominado de ruminante e a dentição dos bovinos. Observe o quadro que se segue: -/- Estômago -/- Composto por quatro compartimentos, em ordem: Rúmen, Retículo, Omaso e Abomaso -/- Regime alimentício -/- Herbívoros (alimentam-se de gramíneas e forrageiras) -/- Dentição -/- Incompleta; ausência de pinças superiores e caninos -/- 3 PARÂMETROS PRODUTIVOS E REPRODUTIVOS IDEAIS -/- Na bovinocultura é comum trabalhar com parâmetros de produção e reprodução que devem ser respeitados e atingidos em uma propriedade, tanto para o produtor obtiver lucros e investir em seu plantel quanto visando à saúde e o bem-estar dos animais. Observe alguns padrões mais relevantes no quadro: -/- Lactância -/- 305 dias (10 meses, segundo a raça trabalhada) -/- Intervalo entre partos (IEP) -/- 11.5 – 12.5 meses e até 18 meses -/- Idade ao primeiro parto -/- 24 – 25 meses (raças europeias) -/- Dias abertos2 (período de serviço) -/- 50 – 150 dias -/- Serviços por concepção -/- 1 – 2 -/- % de concepção ao primeiro serviço -/- 60% -/- % de concepção ao segundo serviço -/- 80% -/- % de concepção ao terceiro serviço -/- 90% -/- % de vacas paridas por ano -/- 90% -/- Substituições -/- 18 – 30% -/- % máxima de mortalidade fetal -/- < 5% -/- % máxima de mortalidade em vacas -/- 2% -/- % de resíduos não-genéticos -/- Até 10% -/- 4 CARACTERÍSTICAS REPRODUTIVAS FISIOLÓGICAS DO MACHO (BOI) -/- Na bovinocultura, seja de corte ou leiteira, é necessário entender os animais quanto as suas principais características reprodutivas para que o produtor possa tomar as devidas providências na hora da estação de monta, no período de concepção, de gestação e pós-gestação visando uma melhor eficiência reprodutiva, bem como aos lucros provindos do rebanho. Observe o quadro abaixo: -/- Volume por ejaculação -/- 4 ml (variando entre 2 – 10 ml) -/- Número de espermatozoides -/- 4000 – 5000 milhões -/- Local da inseminação -/- Vagina da vaca -/- Tempo de chegada do sêmen ao oviduto -/- 2 – 13 minutos -/- Número de espermatozoides que chegam ao oviduto -/- 4200 - 27500 -/- Vida fértil do espermatozoide -/- 30 – 48 horas -/- Tempo da ejaculação -/- 1 segundo -/- Porcentagem ideal de motilidade -/- 75% -/- Porcentagem ideal de células normais -/- 95% -/- pH do sêmen -/- 6,7 – 6,9 (6,8 de média) -/- Idade à puberdade -/- 10 meses (podendo haver variações entre 6 – 10 meses) -/- Idade à primeira monta/uso do sêmen (inseminação artificial) -/- 18 – 24 meses -/- 5 CARACTERÍSTICAS REPRODUTIVAS FISIOLÓGICAS DA FÊMEA (VACA) -/- Se é importante atentar-se as informações acerca do sistema reprodutivo e andrológico do macho, com a fêmea esse cuidado e atenção deve ser ainda maior, uma vez que é ela que gerará o futuro do rebanho do produtor. É necessário atentar-se e dar ênfase à uma série de procedimentos pré e pós-parto. Observe o quadro a seguir: -/- Tipo de reprodução -/- Poliéstrico contínuo -/- Idade à puberdade -/- 7 – 18 meses (11 meses no gado europeu) -/- Maturidade sexual -/- 14 – 18 meses no gado europeu -/- Peso à puberdade -/- 300 kg (200 – 450 kg para a classe de grandes raças) -/- Duração do ciclo estral -/- 21 dias (18 – 24 de variação) -/- Momento da ovulação -/- 12 horas após a finalização do estro -/- Vida fértil do óvulo -/- 20 – 24 horas -/- Óvulos liberados -/- 1 – 2 (a poliovulação é possível) -/- Implantação3 do embrião -/- 40 dias -/- 6 ALTERAÇÕES OCORRIDAS DURANTE O PERÍODO DE GESTAÇÃO -/- É necessário dar ênfase à alguns aspectos relevantes na bovinocultura como a duração da gestação de uma vaca, em média, o total de crias que ela favorece ao produtor, etc. todos esses apontamentos deverão ser colocados em um documento para que se possa manter a qualidade e a boa produção e produtividade do plantel. Os aspectos no quadro abaixo são os mais primordiais para o conhecimento de leigos e até mesmo de trabalhadores da área veterinária e/ou zootécnica. Todos os dados obtidos são uma média, que foi obtida por meio de pesquisas e práticas com os animais. -/- Duração da gestação -/- 283 dias -/- Número de crias ao parto -/- 1 – 2 (sendo que 2 são em raras ocasiões) -/- Tipo de placenta -/- Epiteliocorial/Cotiledonária -/- Tempo de implantação -/- 30 – 40 dias após a cópula -/- Início do período seco4 -/- Aos 10 meses de lactação e aos 7 meses de gestação -/- Duração do período seco -/- 2 meses -/- 7 SINAIS PRÉVIOS AO PARTO -/- Antes do parto das vacas, é necessário que a atenção seja redobrada, temos que observar a anatomia exterior de certas compartições como a vagina, a mudança comportamental também deve ser observada, todos esses cuidados visam a sanidade tanto da vaca quanto do neonato. Por isso, é viável que todo e qualquer parto seja observado à distância seja pelo criador ou o trabalhador da propriedade, visando a possível ajuda no parto do animal caso o neonato passe por complicações na hora do nascimento. Um dos grandes vilões que aumentam o percentual de mortalidade de neonatos é as possíveis complicações na hora do nascimento, o animal pode ficar preso e morrer, como denomina-se de distorcia. Observe os fatores a serem levados em consideração no quadro abaixo. -/- Edema vulvar -/- Acúmulo anormal de muco na vagina -/- Distensão de ligamentos -/- O primeiro compartimento a se distender é a vagina para a facilitação da passagem do neonato -/- Edema abdominal e mamário -/- Acumulação de líquidos anormal no abdômen e no úbere -/- Gotejamento do colostro -/- 12 – 24 horas antes do parto -/- Inquietações -/- As vacas prontas pra parir ficam inquietas, hiperativas -/- Inapetência -/- As vacas cortam a alimentação por conta própria -/- Isolamento -/- As vacas que, normalmente andam em rebanho, se isolam em um determinado lugar para que possa parir -/- 8 CONSTANTES FISIOLÓGICAS -/- Essas constantes de temperatura, frequência cardíaca e respiratória além dos movimentos ruminais, servem de base para que o produtor mantenha seu rebanho sob controle veterinário e que, mediante quaisquer alterações nos dados apresentados, o produtor deverá comunicar ao médico veterinário da propriedade para que possam ser tomadas as devidas providências. Observe o quadro: -/- Temperatura -/- 37,5 – 38,5 °C (adultos) -/- 38,5 – 39,5 °C (jovens) -/- Frequência cardíaca -/- 40 – 80 batimentos/minuto (adultos) -/- 80 – 110 batimentos/minuto (jovens) -/- Frequência respiratória -/- 10 – 30 respirações/minuto (adultos) -/- 15 – 45 respirações/minuto (jovens) -/- Movimentos ruminais -/- 2 – 3 movimentos/2 minutos -/- 9 pH (POTENCIAL HIDROGENIÔNICO) DE ALGUMAS SECREÇÕES CORPORAIS -/- Fator importante para discernir os líquidos dos bovinos e dividi-los em ácidos ou básicos, isto é, se são ácidos ou alcalinos. O pH varia entre 0 – 14 e sua média é 7 (neutro), pHs acima de 7 são considerados alcalinos, porventura, pHs abaixo de 7 são considerados ácidos. Observe o quadro: -/- Leite -/- 6,5 – 7 (neutro) -/- Urina -/- 7,4 – 8,4 (alcalina) -/- Sangue -/- 7,3 – 7,5 (neutro) -/- Líquido ruminal -/- 5,5 – 7 (ácido) -/- Líquido abomasal -/- 2 – 3 (ácido) -/- Saliva -/- 7,9 – 8,5 (alcalina) -/- 10 VALORES SANGUÍNEOS NORMAIS DOS BOVINOS -/- Esses valores são utilizados como padrão principalmente para pesquisas no ramo da Ciência Animal. Todavia, são imprescindíveis para atentar-se à saúde e ao bem-estar dos animais, uma vez que, possíveis alterações anormais, ocasionam complicações futuras que, por sua vez, implicará em gastos ao produtor com assistência veterinária constante e medicamentos. Observe o padrão dos valores no quadro seus valores e, em notas de rodapé, as significações biológicas e médicas dos mesmos. -/- Hemoglobinas5 -/- 8,15 gramas/decilitro (g/dl) -/- Hematócritos6 -/- 24,5% (precisamente 24,46%) -/- Eritrócitos/hemácias/glóbulos vermelhos7 -/- 5 – 10 milhões/milímetro cúbico (mm3) -/- Reticulócitos8 -/- 0 -/- Plaquetas9 -/- 100 mm3 -/- Leucócitos/glóbulos brancos10 -/- 4000 – 12000 mm3 -/- Neutrófilos segmentados11 -/- 15 – 45% -/- Neutrófilos banda -/- 0 – 2% -/- Linfócitos12 -/- 45 – 75% -/- Monócitos13 -/- 2 – 7% -/- Eosinófilos14 -/- 2 – 20% -/- Basófilos15 -/- 0,2 -/- 11 QUÍMICA SANGUÍNEA DOS BOVINOS -/- Quantidade de micro e macronutrientes existentes no sangue, pode não parecer importante, mas esses padrões quando, porventura, esses números alterem-se implicará em patologias interiores e exteriores necessitando-se, assim, de mão de obra especializada, ou seja, um médico veterinário. Observe o quadro a seguir: -/- pH sanguíneo (venoso) -/- 7,4 (precisamente 7,38) -/- Proteínas plasmáticas -/- 6,8 g/dl -/- Cálcio (Ca) -/- 9 – 11 miligramas/decilitro (mg/dl) -/- Fósforo (P) -/- 5 – 9 mg/dl -/- Magnésio (Mg) -/- 2 – 3 mg/dl -/- Sódio (Na) -/- 132 – 245 miliequivalentes/litro (mEq/L) -/- Potássio (K) -/- 4,1 – 5,1 mEq/L -/- Glicose -/- 50 – 70 mg/dl -/- Nitrogênio (N) urético no sangue -/- 5 – 20% -/- Creatinina16 -/- 1,5 mg/dl -/- Cobre (Cu) -/- 0,7 – 1,3 partes por milhão (ppm) -/- Chumbo (Pb) -/- 0 – 0,15 ppm -/- Fibrinogênio17 -/- 300 – 800 mg/dl -/- Bilirrubina18 total -/- 0,1 – 1,6 mg/dl -/- Bilirrubina livre -/- 0 – 1 mg/dl -/- Bilirrubina conjugada -/- 0,6 mg/dl -/- Ferro (Fe) -/- 100 – 200 mg/dl -/- TGO (transaminase glutâmico oxalacética)19 -/- 100 – 50 UI -/- TGP (transaminase glutâmico pirúvica) -/- 3 – 15 UI -/- FA (fosfatase alcalina) -/- 30 – 50 UI -/- CPK (creatinofosfoquinase)20 -/- 30 – 50 UI -/- LDH (lactato desidrogenase)21 -/- 300 – 600 UI -/- GGT (gama glutamil transferase) -/- 4,9 – 26 UI -/- HCO (bicarbonato) -/- 28 mEq/L -/- Nota: Atualmente, a medicação da TGO está caindo em desuso, em seu lugar mede-se AST (aspartato aminotransferase). Da mesma forma, utiliza-se a ALT (alanina aminotransferase) no lugar da TGP. -/- 12 CONSTANTES FISIOLÓGICAS DO APARELHO DIGESTIVO -/- Esses padrões servem para que o produtor possa ter um alicerce da quantidade de água e de alimentos (feno, silagem, palhas, etc.) que o animal deverá consumir para que possa produzir de forma eficiente e gerar lucros futuros para a propriedade. Observe o quadro abaixo: -/- Consumo de alimentos à livre acesso -/- 3% do peso vivo (PV) – (feno de ótima qualidade) -/- 2,2% do PV – (silagem) -/- 1% do PV – (palhas) -/- Consumo de água -/- 10% do PV dividido em 4 períodos: -/- 3,6 – 4,3 litros de água/kg de matéria seca (MS) -/- 50 – 80 litros de água/dia (alimentos secos) -/- 24 – 40 litros de água/dia (alimentos verdes) -/- 14 – 16 % do PV (mais de 5 litros/L de leite) -/- pH ideal da água deverá estar entre 6 – 9. -/- 13 CARACTERÍSTICAS DA RUMINAÇÃO -/- Os bovinos são animais de produção peculiares, isto é, é um dos animais com uma capacidade completamente enorme para um criador, estamos falando do fato de digerir alimentos fibrosos, especialmente os volumosos, e transformá-los em carne, leite, etc. Isso ocorre porque nos bovinos, como em caprinos, ovinos, etc. há a presença do rúmen em seu aparelho estomaco-digestivo. A ruminação consiste, basicamente, na regurgitação do alimento semi-digerido, o alimento primeiramente é consumido e vai para o primeiro compartimento, o rúmen, lá às bactérias e os protozoários começam a desagregação das fibras existentes no alimento, depois o alimento volta a boca do animal em que o mesmo agrega saliva e o mastiga novamente para ir ao retículo. Observe as características peculiares da ruminação no quadro: -/- Início e regularização (1° arroto) -/- 2 – 3 semanas de idade -/- Início (depois do alimento ingerido) -/- 5 – 15 horas após a ingestão -/- Número de períodos da ruminação -/- 4 – 24 períodos/dia (segundo a quantidade da frequência cardíaca (FC) e do tamanho das partículas -/- Total de regurgitações -/- 15 – 20 -/- Volume ruminado -/- 40 – 60 kg ao dia -/- Duração por período de ruminação -/- 10 – 60 minutos cada uma -/- Número dos bolos alimentares regurgitados -/- 360 - 790 -/- Peso dos bolos alimentares ruminados -/- 80 – 120 g -/- Movimentos mastigatórios e tempo de mastigação por bolo alimentar -/- 40 – 70 movimentos e o tempo de 45 – 60 segundos -/- Tempo da ruminação -/- 7 horas (variação conforme raça: 3 – 8 horas) -/- 14 COR NORMAL DAS FEZES -/- Na bovinocultura, de corte ou leite, é sumamente imprescindível atentar-se à todos os tipos de detalhes no animal, por exemplo, se está associado ao grupo, se está alimentando-se regularmente e normalmente, se está ruminando de forma normal e, até mesmo, a cor e a consistência das fezes exoneradas. Esse fator de coloração e consistência implica na sanidade do animal. Observe o quadro elaborado, segundo quantidades de clorofila, bílis, tipo de alimentação, etc. -/- Bezerro (período de amamentação) -/- Cor amarelada para o cinza -/- Bovino adulto (ruminante) -/- Verde escuro (pastagens) -/- Amarronzado (estábulo) -/- Amarelo pardo (engorda com concentrado/grãos) -/- Consistência: pastosa -/- Odor: ligeiramente desagradável -/- 15 CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS ESTRUTURAS DIGESTIVAS/COMPARTIMENTOS -/- Nos bovinos há a presença de 4 aparelhos estomacais, sendo o último, o abomaso, o estômago verdadeiro, isto é, o estômago químico do animal, antes disso, há a presença do rúmen que é o compartimento que faz dos animais ruminantes peculiares na pecuária, o retículo e o omaso. Observe o quadro abaixo: -/- Rúmen (Pança) -/- Proporção ocupada ante os compartimentos -/- 80% do lado esquerdo da cavidade abdominal -/- Capacidade -/- 200 – 250 litros ou 135 kg de material alimentício (adultos de raças pesadas) -/- pH do líquido -/- 5,5 – 7 -/- Movimentos ruminais -/- 2 – 3 movimentos/2 min. -/- Cor normal do líquido ruminal -/- Geralmente verde acinzentado -/- Consistência -/- Ligeiramente viscosa -/- Odor -/- Aromático e pouco repulsivo -/- Proporção bacteriana -/- 1 x 109 a 1 x 1010 /ml -/- Proporção protozoária -/- 1 x 102 a 1 x 106 /ml -/- Função -/- Digestão de celulose, hemicelulose e amido. -/- Fermentação de açúcar a acetato, propionato e butirato. Oxidação e absorção de acetato, propionato e butirato. -/- Assimilação de açúcares, minerais e nitrogênio no corpo microbiano. Bem como a absorção de outros íons. Produção de gases, ácidos graxos voláteis e massa microbiana -/- Retículo (bonete, coifa, barrete, crespina) -/- Tamanho -/- 5% de todo compartimento estomacal -/- Projeção -/- 6° à 8° costelas esquerdas -/- Função -/- Regurgitação na -/- ruminação e eructação. Também participa na fermentação -/- Omaso (saltério, filho, folhoso) -/- Tamanho -/- 7% de todo o compartimento -/- Projeção -/- 7° à 9° costelas esquerdas -/- Função -/- O omaso permite a reciclagem da água e de alguns minerais como o fósforo e o sódio que retornam ao rúmen pela saliva. Serve como objeto de transição entre as distintas fermentações do rúmen e do retículo. Grande capacidade de absorção de água, sódio, fósforo e ácidos graxos residuais e voláteis -/- Abomaso (coagulador, coalheira, estômago verdadeiro) -/- Tamanho -/- 7 – 9% de todo o compartimento -/- Projeção -/- Sobre o piso da cavidade ligeiramente à direita da linha média, desde o apêndice xifoide até o umbigo -/- Função -/- Digestão ácida. Secreção de enzimas digestivas e do ácido clorídrico (HCl) que mata os microrganismos. Digere alimentos não fermentados no rúmen (algumas proteínas e lipídeos). Digestão peptídica de microrganismos. -/- REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO -/- JARDIM, V. R. Bovinocultura. 1ª ed. Campinas: Instituto Campineiro de Ensino Agrícola, 1973. -/- _____________.; JARDIM, L. M. B. F.; TORRES, A. di P. Manual de Zootecnia: raças que interessam ao Brasil. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Agronômica Ceres, 1982. -/- ROSENBERGER, G. et al. Exame clínico dos bovinos. 1ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1993. (shrink)

Recently, due to the rapid progress of computer technology, researchers develop an effective computer program to enhance the achievement of the student in learning process, which is Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). Science is important because it influences most aspects of everyday life, including food, energy, medicine, leisure activities and more. So learning science subject at school is very useful, but the students face some problem in learning it. So we designed an ITS system to help them understand this subject easily (...) and smoothly by analyzing it and explaining it in a systematic way. In this paper, we describe the design of an Intelligent Tutoring System for teaching science for 7th grade to help students know the 7 characteristics for living things smoothly. The system provides all topics of living things and generates some questions for each topic and the students should answer these questions correctly to move to the next level. An evaluation was done for checking the students and teachers satisfaction of the ITS. The results of the evaluation showed that the students and teachers liked the system and they said that the system is very useful for them and for their studies. (shrink)

A community based cross-sectional study was carried out by a self-structured questionnaire on 168 participants aged between 18 and 60 years at two arsenic prone area of Bangladesh to determine the association between extent of depression and socio-demographic as well as illness characteristics in arsenicosis population. The mean age ± SD was 42 ± 10.15 years. Female respondents were almost twice (63.1%) than the males (36.9%) in this study. Most of the respondents (94.0%) were shallow tube well water user. (...) Among them most (80.0%) of the respondents were detected as arsenic contaminated water consumer over more than six months. Study estimated that almost half (44.3%) of the participants had suffered from mild to moderate depression in the moderate arsenicosis group. Less than quarter (20.8%) participants suffered severe depression in severe arsenicosis group. Quarter (26.7%) had mild arsenicosis with no depression. This difference was not significant. Gender had significant influence on proportion of level of depression. Females significantly suffered more from depressive symptoms than males. More than two third of the female respondents suffered from some kind of depressive symptoms; where less than one third of the males were suffered from depressive symptoms. Age has no significant relation with depression. Respondents who were 48 years and above age group had highest percentages of severe depressive symptoms (35.8%). This age group also suffered from highest percentage of mild to moderate depression (37.1%). Though most of the respondent (85.1) had no diabetes and hypertension. Respondents with physical illness suffered more from some sorts of depression than those without illness, but the result is not statistically significant. We understood that depression has health challenges in adult arsenicosis patients. Therefore, physicians should take account depression in their treatment management when deal with arsenicosis patients. (shrink)

Abstract: Waste polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes were reused in the modification of commercially available bitumen. Waste PVC/ bitumen blends were prepared by melt-mixing method. Rheological characteristics of the neat bitumen and bitumen blends samples were investigated. The rheological properties were determined using an ARES- Rheometer (Rheometric Scientific, Co.) under nitrogen atmosphere in parallel plate geometry with diameter 25 mm. The measurements were performed over a wide range of temperatures ranged from -10°C to 60°C and frequencies from 100 to 0.1 radians (...) per second. Improvement in rheological properties. (shrink)

Before pandemic the world economy had a pre-crisis situation which was characterized by unprecedented imbalances in the global financial and economic system, the lack of growth in world GDP, which posed a real threat to the world economic order. Almost all global analysts predicted a global economic crisis at the end of 2019. For the first time since time immemorial, bank interest rates in all countries have dropped to unprecedented low levels. Often interest rates were 0% or even negative. The (...) EU’s financial system has been so disfigured by the VAT tax that fraud with this tax has reached a scale far exceeding hundreds of billions EUR and in fact got out of control of the authorities. (shrink)

The findings reveal that e-commerce serendipity is an artificially facilitated unplanned experience, jointly shaped by consumers and online platforms along with their designers. Being an artificial serendipity, e-commerce serendipity is characterised by its expectedness, thrillingness, and varied outcomes. Three routes were presented for consumers to experience e-commerce serendipity: coincidence, unexpected discovery, encountering. These routes differed via the varying interaction patterns between serendipitists and third parties under different conditions. The findings regarding ecommerce serendipity as a form of artificial serendipity have significant (...) implications for both research and practice. (shrink)

Guthrie contends that religion can best be understood as systematic anthropomorphism - the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman things and events. Religion, he says, consists of seeing the world as human like. He offers a fascinating array of examples to show how this strategy pervades secular life and how it characterizes religious experience.

A long tradition of psychological research has explored the distinction between characteristics that are part of the self and those that lie outside of it. Recently, a surge of research has begun examining a further distinction. Even among characteristics that are internal to the self, people pick out a subset as belonging to the true self. These factors are judged as making people who they really are, deep down. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the true (...) self and identify features that distinguish people’s understanding of the true self from their understanding of the self more generally. In particular, we consider recent findings that the true self is perceived as positive and moral, and that this tendency is actor-observer invariant and cross-culturally stable. We then explore possible explanations for these findings and discuss their implications for a variety of issues in psychology. (shrink)

An important way in which philosophy can contribute to public discourse is by clarifying concepts that are central to it. This paper is a philosophical contribution in that spirit. It offers an account of fake news—a notion that has entered public debate following the 2016 US presidential election. On the view I defend, fake news is Frankfurtian bullshit that is asserted in the form of a news publication. According to Frankfurt’s famous account, bullshit has two characteristics. There is, firstly, (...) an “indifference to how things really are” on the part of the bullshitter. This does not mean that what a bullshitter says is always false. It might well be true. What it does mean, however, is that, unlike a liar, who tries to convince us that a given statement he believes to be false is true, a bullshitter simply does not care whether what he says is true. The same, I believe, is true of the publisher of fake news. Secondly, the bullshitter misrepresents “in a certain way … what he is up to”. Likewise, the publisher of fake news seems to misrepresent what he is up to. It appears that he wants to hide his actual motives. At any rate, so I will argue. (shrink)

We identify several ongoing debates related to implicit measures, surveying prominent views and considerations in each debate. First, we summarize the debate regarding whether performance on implicit measures is explained by conscious or unconscious representations. Second, we discuss the cognitive structure of the operative constructs: are they associatively or propositionally structured? Third, we review debates whether performance on implicit measures reflects traits or states. Fourth, we discuss the question of whether a person’s performance on an implicit measure reflects characteristics (...) of the person who is taking the test or characteristics of the situation in which the person is taking the test. Finally, we survey the debate about the relationship between implicit measures and (other kinds of) behavior. (shrink)

In this paper an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was used to help cars dealers recognize the many characteristics of cars, including manufacturers, their location and classification of cars according to several categories including: Make, Model, Type, Origin, DriveTrain, MSRP, Invoice, EngineSize, Cylinders, Horsepower, MPG_Highway, Weight, Wheelbase, Length. ANN was used in prediction of the number of miles per gallon when the car is driven in the city(MPG_City). The results showed that ANN model was able to predict MPG_City with (...) 97.50 % accuracy. The factor of DriveTrain has the most influence on MPG_City evaluation. Similar studies can be carried out for the evaluation of other characteristics of cars. (shrink)

In this paper, we aim to provide an in-depth discussion of nickel's crucial position in the manufacturing sector in the context of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which represent growing environmental imperatives. These SDGs have gained unprecedented urgency due to looming concerns of incompletion. It should be emphasized that the information compiled herein is derived from authoritative sources and is limited in its ability to give comprehensive coverage within the scope of this article. The raised issues are of (...) broad interest in terms of environmental dynamics in the global nickel mining, extraction, and refining arenas. As a result, the content given below may not precisely comply with the local situations dictated by geographical, geological, and socio-economic characteristics. The fundamental goal of this discussion is to clarify the economic-environmental interaction and the pragmatic meanings of the term "sustainable" in the context of the nickel industry. (shrink)