The book, ‘The Crisis of World and Krishna Pure Monism: A Long Essay’, is more a cathartics of the crisis of world as viewed from the plane of Krishna pure monism than critique of hither to development of idea and philosophy. It sees a correlation of the crisis of world in praxis of objectification of subject, undermining of the knowledge and violation of Krishna pure monism-one has become all and inherence of knowledge. If objectification of subject is juxtaposed with resultant (...) objectification of women, nature, ‘other’, knowledge and idea or Reason or Dharma, it would certainly validate the hypothesis of the essay. The main hypothesis of the essay is as to how objectification of subject on the plane of sciencitization of philosophy and violation of Krishna pure monism-one has become all and inherent knowledge and , and its subversion by muses have led to the crisis of world. The objectification of subject or consciousness or spirit in sciences seems to be cause and effect of objectification of the Woman, Nature, Other, Knowledge and Reason or Idea or Dharma. When one has become all or creator has become creation, the plurality and difference is transitory which appear to have been assigned the permanent value. The transitory value has been given permanence, while the permanent has been dislodged from discourse, conveniently tucked to the abstract. This seems to be real narrative of the crisis of the world. -/- . (shrink)

Krishna pure monism imparts new dimension to ethics by propounding the removal of any attachment, selfishness and egoism in any act. The act is not bad, the motive, attachment and intention is bad. Samakhya or Krishna universal monism version of epistemology or knowledge theory or Gyan Yoga is sufficient to know the nature of phenomenology or existence found its echo in western countries in the form of Eckhart, Plotinus, and Boehm. Plato’ Cave as Latour has observed in Political Ecology has (...) two chambers—in one cannot speak but has authority and in other one can speak like philosopher but has no authority. The reality of world can be better understood with inverted tree as Krishna has mentioned. Its roots are upward-thing in itself while its branches and leaves are downward. Krishna ontology is not structured on absurd and meaninglessness and it is based on action without having any attachment or craving for result. So far the meaning is concerned it has meaning but if one seeks meaning, meaning gives way to meaninglessness just as it happens in case of knowledge when knowledge about the knowledge is sought, it comes to dud. The modern philosophers and thinkers have termed life meaningless or ordained ‘epistemological break’ based on such logical naivety. (shrink)

I argue that European schools of thought on memory and memorization were critical in enabling growth of the scientific method. After giving a historical overview of the development of the memory arts from ancient Greece through 17th century Europe, I describe how the Baconian viewpoint on the scientific method was fundamentally part of a culture and a broader dialogue that conceived of memorization as a foundational methodology for structuring knowledge and for developing symbolic means for representing scientific concepts. The principal (...) figures of this intense and rapidly evolving intellectual milieu included some of the leading thinkers traditionally associated with the scientific revolution; among others, Francis Bacon, Renes Descartes, and Gottfried Leibniz. I close by examining the acceleration of mathematical thought in light of the art of memory and its role in 17th century philosophy, and in particular, Leibniz’s project to develop a universal calculus. (shrink)

A number of elite thinkers in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries pursued an agenda which historian Paolo Rossi calls the "quest for a universal language," a quest which was deeply interwoven with the emergence of the scientific method. From a modern perspective, one of the many surprising aspects of these efforts is that they relied on a diverse array of memorization techniques as foundational elements. In the case of Leibniz's universal calculus, the ultimate vision was to create a (...) pictorial language that could be learned by anyone in a matter of weeks and which would contain within it a symbolic representation of all domains of contemporary thought, ranging from the natural sciences, to theology, to law. In this brief article, I explore why this agenda might have been appealing to thinkers of this era by examining ancient and modern memory feats. As a thought experiment, I suggest that a society built entirely upon memorization might be less limited than we might otherwise imagine, and furthermore, that cultural norms discouraging the use of written language might have had implications for the development of scientific methodology. Viewed in this light, the efforts of Leibniz and others seem significantly less surprising. I close with some general observations about cross-cultural origins of scientific thought. (shrink)

Samkhya philosophy is one of the oldest philosophies in the Indian philosophical system. This philosophy is independent in origin and mainly known for its evolution theory. Samkhya philosophy has accepted the two ultimate and independent realities, Nature and pure Consciousness. This paper is an attempt to comprehend the notion of deep ecology from the Samkhya’s evolution theory perspective. In this paper, firstly, we have elucidated the Samkhya philosophy of suffering and the solution to the problem. In the second part of (...) the article, we have argued that how Samkhya's philosophical notion of Nature demonstrates our embeddedness in Nature. Therefore, the idea of deep ecology is always there in one or another form in Samkhya philosophy. It has also connections to the idea of sustainable development. (shrink)

Sāṁkhya philosophy is the oldest philosophical school. Sāṁkhya philosophy explains the universe accepting only two fundamental categories which are prakṛṭi and puruṣa- where prakṛṭi is unconsciously active and puruṣa is consciously inactive. Similarly, Sāṁkhya philosophy discusses the mind-body relation in terms of puruṣa and prakṛṭi. Sāṁkhya also talks about the subjective identity as well as objective world. Although Sāṁkhya discusses about manyness of selves (bahu-puruṣa), but there is an argument that Sāmkhya philosophy would not establish the existence of other minds. (...) So, the argument of Sāṁkhya for other minds seems to stop midway. In this paper, I purport to discuss Sāṁkhya perspective and existence of other minds presented in Sāṁkhya philosophy. The paper also critically examines the Sāṁkhyakārikā of Īswarakṛṣṇa to bring out the possibility of epistemological argument of the other minds. (shrink)

In the Sāṁkhya, Puruṣa (self) is free, inactive and it is the nature of consciousness (cetanā). It is beyond time and space, and it has both merit and demerit, attachment and detachment. It is real form which is not bounded. All actions, pleasure and suffering, change and feeling, etc. are the distortions of the body. Puruṣa (self) is beyond the bodily and mental suffering (dukhaḥ). Puruṣa (self) is neither the cause nor the effect. Puruṣa (self) is not material, and it (...) is also not known by direct perception. Ācharya Śaṅkara critiques the Sāṁkhya view and says, If Puruṣa (self) is inactive then how can it possibly influence the others? Śaṅkara also questions the relation of the Puruṣa (self) with the Prakṛṭi (non-self). This paper elaborates the nature and the existence of Puruṣa (self), purpose of the inactive Puruṣa (self), the subjectivity of Puruṣa (self) from the text “Sāṁkhyakārikā”. A critical analysis of Śaṅkara‟s critique of the “Sāṁkhyakārikā” is made and by providing an analytical assessment of the self (Puruṣa) and its relation with the non-self (Prakṛṭi) the paper attempts at arguing against Śaṅkara‟s logic. (shrink)

Darshana, in the sense of true philosophical knowledge, Darshana is first quoted in the Vaiśesika Sūtra (first century CE) to mean the perfect vision of everything. Etymologically, Darshana evolves from the Sanskr̥ti term Drś, that is, vision. The contemporary use of the term Darshana finds its new dimension in the writings of Haribhardra (eighteenth century CE), who considers different philosophical schools in the cord of Darshana in his text Ṣad-darśana-samuccaya. Later, eminent Vedāntin Mādhava in fourteenth century CE popularized and expatiated (...) the meaning of Darshana in Sarvadarśana Saṅgraha. The purport of the term Darshana is embedded in the notion of Indianness that caters to an influential uniqueness in Hinduism, Jainism (Samyak Darshana or liberation consists in right vision) and Mahayana Buddhism (Nagarjuna’s dictum tattva-darśana, i.e., the true reality, and Vasubandhu’s use of Darshana marga, i.e., the conduit of seeing). -/- The conception of the word guru in Indian cultures goes back to the Upanishadic era, especially in the Mundakopanishad, where Brahma (the creator of the world) taught the Brahma Vidya (the foundation of all knowledge or the speculative discussion about ultimate reality) to his eldest son, Atharvan. Later, Artharvan transmitted the Brahma Vidya to Angiras, who shared the absolute knowledge with Satyavaha, a successor of Sage Bharadwaja. Satyavaha narrated to Bharadwaja, who finally imparted the knowledge (both the higher and lower levels) to Angiras. One could find a significance herein using the Upanishadic term paraparam (Mundakopanishad, 1.2). The term not only indicates that the foundation of all knowledge has two different folds – para (transcendent) and apar (mundane) – but also that the term paraparam tinges on the transmission progression of the knowledge from guru (enlightened master) to his shisya (dedicated disciple). The proper way of learning Brahma Vidya depends on the gurupasadana; the only guru can condescend to expose wisdom to the devoted disciples. (shrink)

Although 550 years have passed since the birth of Guru Nanak, his life and teachings still hold great power and meaning for humanity in the 21st century. He was not only the founder of the Sikh religion but was a great poet, an eminent philosopher, a notable humanist, and a leading social reformer. His philosophy for a social revolution and universal brotherhood is relevant more than ever before. He not only propounded a new way of life but a realistic (...) and optimistic worldview. Quintessentially, his most penetrating insight is that the ultimate goal of human life, to be a sachiara (truthful being), can be achieved by following the path of truthful living. He envisaged the emergence of a race of gurmukhs (God-conscious beings). The teachings of Guru Nanak focus on the upliftment of the weaker sections of the society and their empowerment to live a life of dignity. Love of God (who is the epitome of virtues), egalitarianism, altruism, harmony with nature, cultivation of scientific temper, Interdependence, impermanence, inter-faith harmony, multiculturism, lifelong learning, pro-active social justice, and peaceful co-existence are the lodestars of Guru Nanak’s message to humanity. Three cardinal points of his teachings: Kirat Karo (honest living), Naam Japo (devotion to God) and Vand Chhako (sharing with others) have become an integral part of the lives of Sikhs all over the world. The crux of his teachings found expression by the establishment of daramsals (gurdwaras) and the development of langar (community kitchen), pangat (sitting in a row on the same level) and Sangat (holy congregation) traditions among his followers. Thus even in the contemporary world, Guru Nanak's universal teachings are as relevant as ever. (shrink)

Guru Nanak has a unique position amongst the spiritual leaders, reformers and saints of India. His teachings have universal appeal and are suitable for all ages. The impact of his teachings on Indian society has been incredible. He travelled far and wide to enlighten humanity and administered his message of love, peace, social justice, religious toleration, universal fellowship and the devotion of God. He was a great thinker, a mystic and a revolutionary social reformer. In addition, he was a (...) poet and scholar of high calibre, a person of extraordinary foresight and a scientific attitude. Guru Nanak’s philosophy of social change based on his life and works is described herein. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between student perception towards mathematics teacher with mathematics academic performace. The population of the study were all students of class VIII SMPN 8 Cirebon in the academic year 2014/2015, with the number of students 287 people. The sampling technique used proportional random sampling, and the sample size was 56 students. Data collection techniques used: 1) Questionnaire of Perceptions towards Mathematics teacher, and 2) The results of student mathematics learning test. The (...) result of correlation analysis show no significant correlation between students perception towards teacher and academic performance (r= .155, p= .254). (shrink)

Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, was a divine preceptor and crusader for noble cause of human welfare. He was a great religious leader, a poet and a mystic, a true scholar and philosopher. He was also a fearless warrior and a military commander, who always fought against tyranny and oppression, to establish a just and benign state. In his hymns of 'Bachitar Natak', he proclaimed his mission as 'to protect the righteous, oppressed and downtrodden people and (...) to destroy the evil-doers'. He stressed on the unity between humans, rejected all sorts of discriminations and preached equality and goodwill. Being a prolific writer and a poet of rare sensibility, Guru Gobind Singh greatly enriched the literary heritage of India. His poetic vision depicts the glorious epitome of medieval Indian literary traditions. Through his compositions, he enunciated a doctrine of armed struggle for the protection of truth and justice. The fusion of the devotional and martial, of the spiritual and the heroic ethos is the most important feature of his literary work and his charismatic leadership. With his spiritual dynamism, he attempted to reconcile the transcendent with the immanent through his creation of the Khalsa. The commonwealth of the Khalsa was founded based on all round equality and total dedication to one Supreme Reality. Guru Gobind Singh was a pioneer Indian leader to introduce republican set up and democratic institutions. His teachings have great relevance for the modern man to build a global society with a commitment to peace and goodwill across all sorts of constraints and geographical boundaries. (shrink)

[In June 2022, Anayat Ullah Mugloo, a research scholar at the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India, contacted Dr. Devinder Pal Singh, Director of the Center for Understanding Sikhism, Canada, to explore the legacy of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, and his role in peacebuilding in South Asia. This interaction resulted in the following deliberation.].

[In June 2022, Anayat Ullah Mugloo, a research scholar at the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India, contacted Dr. Devinder Pal Singh, Director of the Center for Understanding Sikhism, Canada, to explore the legacy of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, and his role in peacebuilding in South Asia. This interaction resulted in the following deliberation.].

Guru Nanak occupies a unique place amongst the spiritual leaders, reformers and saints of India. His teachings have a universal appeal and they hold good for all ages. He was a great thinker, a wonderful mystic, and a distinguished social reformer. He was a revolutionary prophet, a litterateur of high calibre and a person of extraordinary foresight. In addition to all this, Guru Nanak was a prophet with a scientific attitude. In this article, Guru Nanak's anti-dogmatic outlook (...) and his attitude of questioning the established irrational beliefs, superstitions and illogical traditions are described, taking instances from his hymns and his life events. (shrink)

Merriam-Webster dictionary defines an apostle as a person who initiates a great moral reform or who first advocates an important belief and system [1]. Similarly, the Cambridge Dictionary states that an apostle is someone who strongly supports a particular belief or political movement [2]. The Free Dictionary by Farlex describes an apostle as a person who pioneers an important reform movement, cause, or belief; a passionate adherent; or a strong supporter. In the light of the above meanings of the term (...) ‘apostle’, one can easily say that Guru Nanak was an apostle as he initiated great moral and social reforms in the Indian society of his times, as is evident from his life and works. He promoted an important belief system (moral code) of truthful living [4]. He states: Sacẖahu orai sabẖ ko upar sacẖ ācẖār. Truth is the highest virtue, but higher still is truthful living. (M. 1, SGGS, p. 62) The second part of the current topic is related to the term “Peace.” Peace has always been among humanity's highest values. The most popular (Western) view of peace is an absence of dissension, violence, or war. But peace is also seen as concord, or harmony and tranquility. It is viewed as peace of mind or serenity, especially in the East [5]. Peace of mind (also called inner peace) indicates a state of being mentally and spiritually at peace. It refers to having enough knowledge and understanding to keep oneself firm during discord or stress. We need some degree of inner peace in our own lives to be effective in helping to build peace in our organizations, communities, societies, and the world. (shrink)

Guru Nanak was not content to remain a mystic. He undertook [9-11] four long travels, called udasis, to spread his message far and wide and to share his spiritual experiences with others. Bhai Mardana always accompanied the Guru during missionary tours. During the four travels, Guru Nanak visited different religious places. He went to Kurukshetra, Haridwar, Joshi Math, Ratha Sahib, Gorakh Matta (Nanak Matta), Audhya, Prayag, Varanasi, Gaya, Patna, Dhubri and Gauhati in Assam, Dacca, Puri, Cuttock, Rameshwaram, (...) Ceylon, Bidar, Baroach, Somnath, Dwarka, Janagarh, Ujjain, Ajmer, Mathura, Pakpattan, Talwandi, Lahore, Sultanpur, Bilaspur, Rawalsar, Jawalaji, Spiti Vally, Tibet, Ladakh, Kargil, Amarnath, Srinagar and Baramula. Guru Nanak also paid visits to Muslim holy places. He went to Mecca, Medina, Beghdad via Multan, Peshawar Sakhar, Son Miani, Hinglaj etc. Some accounts say that Guru Sahib reached Mecca by sea route. He also visited Syria, Turkey and Tehran (Iran). From Tehran he set out on the caravan route and covered Kabul, Kandhar and Jalalabad. The aim of his tours was to awaken the people, and to realize the truth about God and his creation. He established a network of preaching centres of his philosophy called “Manjis”. He appointed able and committed followers as their in-charges. The basic tenets of Guru Nanak's philosophy were wilfully conceived by people from all walks of life. Thus the seeds of Sikhism were sown all over India and abroad in a well-planned manner. In 1516, Guru Nanak laid the foundation of a city, In the central Punjab, near Pakhoke Randhawa, for wider dissemination of his message. He built a Dharamsala (a place for the religious congregation), established the Holy Fellowship of the people there, and named the city the Abode of the Creator — 'Kartarpur'. But he and Bhai Mardana soon left it for his travel to Mecca in autumn of 1518 A.D. In the year 1520, Babar attacked India. His troops slaughtered thousands of innocent civilians. Women and children were made captives, and all their property was plundered at Eminabad (now in Pakistan). Guru Nanak, who was at Eminabad at that time, challenged this act of barbarity by Babar in strong words. He was arrested and released shortly after, making Babar realize his blunder. All the prisoners were also released. Guru Nanak came back to Kartarpur in 1521 A.D. (shrink)

Guru Nanak, one of the saints of the medieval period of Indian history, occupies a unique place among the spiritual leaders, preceptors, reformers, and saints of India. His teachings have universal appeal and are good for all ages. The impact of his teachings on Indian society has been incredible. He traveled far and wide to dispense his message of love, peace, devotion to God, social justice, religious toleration, and universal brotherhood. He was a great thinker, a wonderful mystic, and (...) a distinguished social reformer. He was a revolutionary prophet, a litterateur of high caliber, and a person of extraordinary foresight and scientific attitude. Guru Nanak’s hymns, teachings, and several incidents of his life confirm these facts. (shrink)

Guru Nanak was not content to remain a mystic. He undertook four long travels, called udasis, to spread his message far and wide, and to share his spiritual experiences with others. Bhai Mardana always accompanied the Guru during the missionary tours. During his four travels, Guru Nanak visited different religious places. He went to Kurukshetra, Haridwar, Joshi Math, Ratha Sahib, Gorakh Matta (Nanak Matta), Audhya, Prayag, Varanasi, Gaya, Patna, Dhubri and Gauhati in Assam, Dacca, Puri, Cuttock, Rameshwaram, (...) Ceylon, Bidar, Baroach, Somnath, Dwarka, Janagarh, Ujjain, Ajmer, Mathura, Pakpattan, Talwandi, Lahore, Sultanpur, Bilaspur, Rawalsar, Jawalaji, Spiti Vally, Tibet, Ladakh, Kargil, Amarnath, Srinagar, and Baramula. Guru Nanak also paid visits to Muslim holy places. He went to Mecca, Medina, Baghdad via Multan, Peshawar Sakhar, Son Miani, Hinglaj etc. Some accounts say that Guru Sahib reached Mecca by sea route. He also visited Syria, Turkey, and Tehran (Iran). From Tehran he set out on the caravan route and covered Kabul, Kandhar, and Jalalabad. The aim of his tours was to awaken the people, to realize the truth about God and his creation. He established a network of preaching centers of his philosophy, which were called “Manjis”. He appointed able and committed followers as their in-charges. The basic tenets of Guru Nanak's philosophy were wilfully conceived by people from all walks of life. Thus the seeds of Sikhism were sown all over India and abroad in a well-planned manner. (shrink)

As education institution, school has the biggest role to achieve education qualities. Teacher as the actor of education activities is the important constituent in a school. Highly working motivated teachers should be able to motivate the students in order to get good academic results. Teachers working motivation has affected by teacher’s self efficacy and the organizational climate at school. This research will investigate the influence of teacher’s self efficacy and organizational climate at school to teachers in five schools which hold (...) by “X” Foundation in Jakarta and Tangerang. The samples are 113 teachers, who are accidentally taken from the population. This results shows that teacher’s self efficacy and organizational climate at school together influenced the teachers working motivation. (shrink)

Guru Nanak occupies a unique place amongst the spiritual leaders, preceptors, reformers and saints of India. His teachings have universal appeal and they hold good for all ages. The impact of his teachings on Indian society has been incredible. He travelled far and wide to enlighten humanity and administered to this message of love, peace, devotion to God, social justice, religious toleration and universal brotherhood. He was a great thinker, a mystic and a revolutionary social reformer. He was a (...) poet and scholar of high calibre and a person of extraordinary foresight. In addition to all this, Guru Nanak was a man with a scientific attitude. The life and works of Guru Nanak confirm this fact. In this article;e an attempt is made to analyze Guru Nanak's life and some of his works in terms of the enlisted characteristics of a person with a scientific attitude. (shrink)

Nearly 550 years ago, Guru Nanak put forward a new spiritual path. He called upon his followers to conform to a more practical way of life, reflecting a new social order. Guru Nanak wanted to empower the common man to seek and realize God, while living an honest family life, free from rituals, renunciations, and pilgrimages. His teachings were designed to promote equality among all humans. Nanakian Philosophy's governing belief in virtuous conduct is the guide to reach the (...) ultimate reality. Pride, infatuation, greed, maliciousness, and other temptations are contingent; one should not cling to them, but embrace an altruistic life. Moral rejuvenation and regeneration was the aim of Guru Nanak. He stated that life is a trust and it is to be spent in the love and service of humanity. Service to humanity is service to God. Truthful living is the essence of God-consciousness and in achieving this, one's company and association play an important role. One achieves and grows into the supreme position by joining the congregation of holy persons, but one who is in the bad company stands to face trial in the court of God. In this article, various aspects of the new social order, as envisaged by Guru Nanak will be brought to light. Emphasis shall be laid on, his three fundamental precepts - "Kirat Karo, Naam Japo and Vand Chhako". A practical approach to applying these ideas in everyday life is suggested. (shrink)

Currently, India-Pakistan relations have often been afflicted by cross-border terrorism, ceasefire violations, territorial disputes, etc. Improving bilateral ties is crucial for both countries, as it would mean stabilizing South Asia and improving the economies of both nations. A strong political will to mend the relationship at the current juncture is direly needed. A constructive approach and confidence-building measures between India and Pakistan can be crucial to improving their ties. About 550 years ago, Guru Nanak preached a special universal message (...) of truthful living, faith, and love [1]. His message was not addressed to a specific ethnic or religious group. It was meant for all humanity. Let us look at Guru Nanak's teachings in building good unneighborly ties between India and Pakistan and see what kind of prescriptions and insights he offers us to face the challenges of contemporary times. When India's environment was full of conflict between Hinduism and Islam, Guru Nanak proclaimed a beautiful universal message for all people, highlighting equality for all without any consideration of caste, colour, creed, gender, or race [2]. He asserted that the same One God creates all, whether we call him Ram, Allah, or any other name. Moreover, he emphasized that "See the Divine Light in all." Therefore, people of faith should recognize the Divine Light in everyone. Sasai so▫e sarisat jin sājī sabẖnā sāhib ek bẖa▫i▫ā. Sassa: He (Divine) who created the world, is the One Lord and Master of all. (M.1, SGGS, p. 432). Iknai bẖāʼnde sāji▫ai ik cẖānaṇ ṯihu lo▫e. The One God has fashioned all beings (the vessels), and His essence pervades everywhere (the three worlds). (M.1, SGGS, p. 62). (shrink)

Governance encompasses the processes by which organizations are directed, controlled and held to account. It includes the authority, accountability, leadership, direction, and control exercised in an organization. Greatness can be achieved when good governance principles and practices are applied throughout the whole organization. Ethical Governance requires that public officials adhere to high moral standards while serving others. Authentic Governance entails the systematic process of continuous, gradual, and routine personal/corporate improvement, steering, and learning that lead to sustainable high personal/corporate performance and (...) excellence. Thus authentic governance represents the ability to discern right from wrong and the commitment to do what is right, good, and proper. Benevolent governance is perceived to be for benefit of the population as a whole. Sikhism, a panentheistic religion, originated in the Punjab province of the Indian subcontinent, during the 15th century. It is one of the youngest and fifth major world religions, founded by Guru Nanak. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism have been enshrined in the sacred scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib [1-3]. These beliefs include faith in one universal creator, unity of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for all, honest livelihood and ethical conduct while living a householder's life. Sri Guru Grant Sahib provides very useful insights for governance through religious or secular organizations, that address human rights, education, or diplomacy to end all forms of disparity/discrimination among people [4-5]. In this article, an attempt is made to understand how the doctrines of Sikhism encourage us for better governance and by which means. Whether these doctrines align with the above-mentioned forms of governance or conflict with these. It is pointed out the most of the attributes of good, ethical, authentic and benevolent governance are genuinely supported by the Sikh doctrines. The adherence to democratic and republican organizations, for providing high-quality governance, is encouraged in Sikh principles and practices. (shrink)

Scientific methodology is defined as a mode of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data gathered, a hypothesis formulated and then empirically tested. Viewed in this light, Guru Nanak’s life was a continuous process of scientific experimentation and statement. Guru Nanak’s life and writings are rich in several such examples wherein his scientific approach to resolving several real-life situations with logic and rationality is evident.

Humans have been staring up into space for thousands of generations to have a rational and coherent description of the Creation and evolution of the universe. Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru, in his hymns of Jap (u), Aasa di Var, Sidh Gosht, Thitee and Maru Sohilé, has enunciated an excellent understanding of the mystery of Creation. It is pertinent to add that he composed his hymns in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. In contrast, the various (...) scientific ideas discussed in the article became prevalent in the second half of the eighteenth century. From the discussion, it is evident that Guru Nanak's ideas were the precursor of the modern scientific outlook. (shrink)

Guru Gobind Singh was a versatile genius, a unique personality of contrasting qualities of virtue and valour, the spirit of service and sacrifice, solider and scholar. He was not only a great warrior but also a prolific writer and a poet of high calibre. The brief span of forty-two years of his life is vibrant with activity. He wrote in several languages. It is said that fourteen maunds load of manuscripts were lost in Sirsa when the Guru was (...) being pursued from Anandpur to Chamkaur. Fortunately, part of his work survived and they afford a pretty clear view of his aims and ideals. The Guru compiled a variety of poetic compositions, some of which are considered masterpieces of medieval Punjabi poetry and Braj literature. His patronage of poets and scholars at his Darbar contributed a significant addition to the storehouse of Puranic Epics in Indian literature. (shrink)

Our universe has over 200 billion galaxies, each containing roughly 100 billion stars. It is still being determined how many planets are orbiting these stars. But at least one of them has undoubtedly evolved life, with the capacity to speculate about the origin of this vast universe. Humans have been looking up into the sky for eons to have a coherent and rational understanding of the Creation. In his compositions [1] of Jap (u), Sidh Gosht, Aasa di Var, Thitee and (...) Maru Sohilé, Guru Nanak has enunciated an excellent understanding of the mystery of Creation. It is fascinating that some of the ideas expressed in these hymns were unknown to modern science until the eighteenth century. (shrink)

Scientific attitude represents a spirit of critical and creative inquiry. It involves the process of logical reasoning. The ability to think objectively, logically and analytically leads to the development of a scientific attitude. It is a way of looking at things, the capacity that rids an individual of all kinds of prejudice and to look at the object in its entirety and its objectivity. Having a scientific attitude consists of being willing to accept only carefully and objectively verified facts. Scientific (...) attitude is a particular way of regarding something, using a scientific method. Scientific methodology is defined as a mode of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data gathered, a hypothesis formulated and then empirically tested. Guru Nanak not only propounded a rational and logical way of life but a realistic and optimistic worldview. The teachings of Guru Nanak focus on the search for truth and spiritual knowledge, keen observation of worldly phenomena, advocacy of universal egalitarianism, exposing taboos and shams, debunking futile rituals, confronting vain practices, censuring dogmas, challenging superstitious customs and denouncing stereotypes. Viewed in this light, Guru Nanak’s life was a continuous process of scientific experimentation and statement. Guru Nanak’s life and writings are rich in several such examples wherein his scientific approach to resolve several real-life situations with logic and rationality is evident. (shrink)

A scientific perspective is a particular way of regarding something, using a scientific method. Scientific methodology is defined as a mode of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data gathered, a hypothesis formulated, and then empirically tested. Viewed from such a perspective, Guru Nanak's life was a continuous process of scientific experimentation and statement. Guru Nanak's life and writings are abundant in several such examples wherein his scientific approach to resolving several real-life situations with logic and (...) rationality is evident. (shrink)

God refers to a supernatural or divine being who is the universe's creator and ruler and is often seen as the ultimate source of moral and spiritual authority. Different cultures and religions have different beliefs and ideas about God. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, described various names and attributes of God, symbolized as "ੴ” (Ik Onkar) in his compositions. This article attempts to describe the concept of God as outlined in Guru Nanak’s hymns. It is pointed out (...) that Guru Nanak's hymns emphasize God's transcendental nature, which is described as formless, eternal, omnipresent and beyond human comprehension. However, he focuses on a personal and accessible relationship with the Divine, where individuals can connect with God through devotion, meditation, and leading a virtuous life. An important spiritual aspect of Guru Nanak’s concept of God is his description of the realization of God, often referred to as "union with the Divine" or "spiritual realization." By promoting the principles of equality, compassion, and service to humanity through his concept of an all-loving, compassionate God, Guru Nanak asserts that by following these values, individuals can experience a closer connection with God and ultimately achieve spiritual enlightenment. (shrink)

Guru Nanak holds a prominent position among the pioneers of Period of Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries) and occupies a unique place amongst the spiritual leaders, preceptors, reformers and saints of India. His teachings have universal appeal and are good for all ages. The impact of his teachings on the Indian society has been incredible. He travelled far and wide to dispense his message of love, peace, devotion to God, social justice, religious toleration and universal brotherhood. He was a (...) great thinker, a wonderful mystic and a distinguished social reformer. He was a revolutionary prophet, a litterateur of high caliber and a person of extraordinary foresight. In addition to all this Guru Nanak was a man with a great love and reverence for Kudrat (Nature). Guru Nanak’s teachings and several incidents of his life confirms this fact. In this article, the concept of Kudrat (Nature) as enunciated by Guru Nanak in his hymns is described. (shrink)

Symbolism, as a literary device, is widely employed in the scriptures of almost all religions. Understanding the use of symbolism in a scripture enables us to comprehend and appreciate the intended message of the scripture’s author in a better way. The poetic compositions of Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) are notable for their richness, and various images and symbols used to tell its authors’ mystical and spiritual experiences. These compositions aptly use natural symbolism to describe humanity’s diverse physical and (...) spiritual needs and suggest innovative ways to tackle these issues. As SGGS’s message is addressed to the ordinary person, the symbolism used to depict various facets and aspirations of human life has been taken from nature and Indian culture. This article reports on the usage of natural symbolism in SGGS. (shrink)

Alongside the increasing popularity of digital, ‘social’ media platforms, has been the emergence of self-styled digital life-coaches, many of whom seek to propagate their knowledge of and interests in a variety of topics through online social networks (such as, Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, etc.). With many of these ‘social influencers’ garnering a large online following, their popularity, social significance and cultural impact offers important insights into the place and purpose of the subject in our digital media environment. Accordingly, this chapter will (...) examine the proliferation of digital media technologies, which, on the one hand, propose the dissolution of the subject (wearable technology, technological singularity, etc.), while on the other, provide new opportunities for discovering, ‘sharing’ and/or improving one’s ‘inner-Self’ (digital media gurus, online health and fitness regimes, etc.). It is in considering how the effects of this ‘digital subject’ redefines traditional (Cartesian) conceptions, that the relative significance of ‘Digital Guru Media’ (DGM) can be drawn. In particular, explicit attention is given to examining how our engagements with social media can be considered in relation to Lacan’s (2002) notion of the big Other and its relevance in introducing, examining and, possibly, subverting, the digital media guru. (shrink)

Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, ninth Sikh Guru, fell as a martyr to the freedom of consciousness and belief. The Guru's great sacrifice was to vindicate the people's right to profess and practice their faith. It meant the assertion of the principle of justice for which the ruling Mughal rulers of the day had very scant regard. For this reason, the life, career, and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur are of immense significance even in contemporary times, when (...) the forces of hate, fanaticism, and tyranny are still very dominant and assertive. (shrink)

Guru Nanak was born 550 years ago, yet his life and teachings still hold great power and meaning for humanity. He not only propounded a new way of life but a realistic and optimistic worldview. His teachings focus on the upliftment of the weaker sections of society and their empowerment to live a life of dignity. Love of God, egalitarianism, altruism, lifelong learning, Interdependence, impermanence, harmony with nature, cultivation of scientific temper, freedom, and justice for all are the lodestars (...) of Guru Nanak’s message to humanity. Three cardinal points of his teachings: Kirat Karo (honest living), Naam Japo (devotion to God), and Vand Chhako (sharing with others) have become an integral part of the lives of Sikhs all over the world. His teachings found expression in the establishment of various institutions e.g. Dharamsalas (gurdwaras) and the development of langar (community kitchen), pangat (sitting in a row on the same level), and Sangat (holy congregation) traditions among his followers. Importance of Guru or Mentor: All of us have felt18 the necessity of a mentor in our lives at one time or the other. A good mentor inspires us, expands our knowledge base, connects us with others (helps in networking), and opens our minds to new situations. A mentor provides a safe space to learn, experiment, and ask questions. In Sikh theology, for a mentor, the term Guru is used. Guru means a teacher, the one who removes mental and spiritual darkness (ignorance) with his teachings and conduct. Enunciating the importance of Guru (mentor) in one's life, Guru Nanak asserts; O Brother! without the Guru, there is no knowledge and understanding (spiritual wisdom). [Mehl 1, SGGS: 59]. (shrink)

We are living in a world full of turmoil and tribulations. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, humanity is facing severe challenges to its very existence. The ever-increasing environmental pollution and the prevalence of large-scale corruption at all levels in society threaten its ecological and social fabric. The monsters of drug menace and Covid-19 pandemic are trying to snuff out the very life-breath of human beings. Moreover, the rise of terrorism and the political rivalries among nations are threatening world (...) peace. In such a dismal state of affairs, the clouds of destruction are looming large over humankind. But, there is a ray of hope in the form of Sri Guru Granth Sahib for the salvation of humanity from its present ills. Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) [1-4], a unique religious and philosophical treatise, is a sublime blueprint for establishing a reign of peace and prosperity on Earth. It contains many divine messages unmistakably addressed to all humanity, which remain uniquely significant for all times and have a crucial relevance to the contemporary times. (shrink)

Guru Nanak was born 550 years ago, yet his life and teachings still hold great power and meaning for humanity. He not only propounded a new way of life but a realistic and optimistic worldview. His teachings focus on the upliftment of the weaker sections of society and their empowerment to live a life of dignity. Love of God, egalitarianism, altruism, lifelong learning, Interdependence, impermanence, harmony with nature, cultivation of scientific temper, freedom, and justice for all are the lodestars (...) of Guru Nanak’s message to humanity. Three cardinal points of his teachings: Kirat Karo (honest living), Naam Japo (devotion to God), and Vand Chhako (sharing with others) have become an integral part of the lives of Sikhs all over the world. His teachings found expression in the establishment of various institutions e.g. dharamsals (gurdwaras) and the development of langar (community kitchen), pangat (sitting in a row on the same level), and Sangat (holy congregation) traditions among his followers. (shrink)

Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, ninth Sikh Guru, fell as a martyr to the freedom of consciousness and belief [1]. The Guru's great sacrifice was to vindicate the people's right to profess and practice their faith. It meant the assertion of the principle of justice for which the ruling Mughal rulers of the day had very scant regard. For this reason, the life, career, and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur are of immense significance even in contemporary times, (...) when the forces of hate, fanaticism, and tyranny are still very dominant and assertive. Guru Tegh Bahadur, a multifaceted genius, Guru and martyr, was also a great poet. He authored 57 Salokas, and 59 other compositions (Shabads). These hymns, written in 15 Raagas (measures) are enshrined in Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) [2-4], the sacred scripture of the Sikhs. In his hymns, though he articulates [5] on the unreality of human passions and possessions, yet his hymns have been a source of spiritual succour and solace to millions of people in their hours of personal grief and affliction. Through his hymns, he brightens our awareness of the transience of the material phenomena. However, instead of creating a sense of despair and depression, he elevates the human mind and imbues it with hope. Thereby he makes it possible for us to rise above the irritants of the immediate problems of existence and keep our attention focused on the everlasting and eternal. Guru Tegh Bahadur [1-18] inherited his vision or worldview from his predecessor Gurus. He stood [1] for the same system of moral, social, and spiritual values as emphasized by the previous Gurus. Still, his compositions have an identity of their own. As a whole, his hymns present a central, unifying theme: a coherent and dynamic vision of humans, their predicament as a part of nature, the way out of this predicament, and the resultant awareness of the unique spiritual nature that is within them. In this way, the Guru helps humans redefine their relationship with the world and grow spiritually. Guru Tegh Bahadur's poetry seeks to redeem life from meaninglessness and fear, to enlarge and enliven humans' consciousness, and to open their inward eye to the glory of all-redeeming, ever-existent Truth. In this article, a few of his views on the various aspects of life are being reported. (shrink)

Guru Gobind Singh was a many splendoured genius, possessed of extraordinary qualities of virtue and valour, service and sacrifice, solider and scholar. He was not only a great warrior but a prolific writer and a poet of high calibre. The brief span of forty-two years of his life is full of much activity. He wrote in many languages. It is said that fourteen maunds load of manuscripts were lost in Sirsa when the Guru was being pursued from Anandpur (...) to Chamkaur. Fortunately, some of his work survived and from this, we get a pretty clear picture of his aims and ideals. The Guru compiled a variety of poetic compositions, some of which are considered masterpieces of medieval Punjabi poetry and Braj literature. His patronage of poets and scholars at his Darbar contributed a significant addition to the storehouse of Puranic Epics in Indian literature. (shrink)

Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji fell as a martyr to the freedom of consciousness and belief, under the orders of Aurangzeb, a ruler, who with his puritanical views had an attitude of narrow exclusiveness in the matters of religion. Sikhism, of which Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was the Ninth Apostle, has all through upheld the spiritual approach in matters of faith, and its message has been free from the rancour of any kind against any set of beliefs. The great (...) sacrifice made by Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji to vindicate the right of the people to profess and practise the faith, meant, in fact, the assertion of the principle of justice for which the ruling Mughal rulers of the day had very scant regard. For this reason, the life, career, and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib are of immense significance even in contemporary times, when the forces of hate, fanaticism, and tyranny are still very dominant and assertive. -/- Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was a multifaceted genius. He was not only a martyr and a prophet but was also a great poet. In addition to his 57 Salokas, 59 of his other compositions (Sabads), written in 15 Raagas (measures) are included in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. His hymns deal with the pathos of the human predicament. Though he articulates on the unreality of human passions and possessions, yet his hymns have been a source of spiritual succour and solace to millions of people in their hours of personal grief and affliction. He brightens our awareness of the ephemerality of the material phenomena, however instead of creating a sense of despair and depression, elevates the human mind and imbues it with the hope which permeates the cosmos. He fortifies our faith in human nature and makes it possible for us to rise above the irritants of the immediate problems of existence and keep our attention focussed on the everlasting and eternal. (shrink)

Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur, ninth Sikh Guru, fell as a martyr to the freedom of consciousness and belief. The Guru's great sacrifice was to vindicate the people's right to profess and practice their faith. It meant the assertion of the principle of justice for which the ruling Mughal rulers of the day had very scant regard. For this reason, the life, career, and teachings of Guru Tegh Bahadur are of immense significance even in contemporary times, when (...) the forces of hate, fanaticism, and tyranny are still very dominant and assertive. (shrink)

We are living in a world full of turmoil and tribulations. At the dawn of twenty first century, humanity is facing severe challenges to its very existence. The ever increasing environmental pollution the prevalence of large-scale corruption at various levels in society (esp. in underdeveloped countries) are threatening its ecological and social fabric. The monsters of drug menace and AIDS are trying to snuff out the very life breath of human beings. The rise of terrorism and political rivalries among nations (...) are threatening the world peace. In such a dismal state of affairs, the clouds of destruction are looming large over the humankind. But there is a ray of hope in the form of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, for salvation of humanity from its present ills. Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS), a unique religious and philosophic treatise, is a sublime blueprint to establish a reign of peace and prosperity on earth. It contains many divine messages unmistakably addressed to all humankind, which remain uniquely significant for all times and have a crucial relevance to the present time as well. (shrink)

All the biotic and abiotic factors that act on an organism, population, or ecological community and influence its survival and development constitute its environment. Biotic factors include the organisms themselves, their food, and their interactions. Abiotic factors include such items as sunlight, soil, air, water, climate, and pollution. Organisms respond to changes in their environment by evolutionary adaptations in form and behaviour. At present humanity is facing great challenges for its survival as both these factors have come under great stress (...) due to its unbridled demands of national economic growth and individual needs and desires. Grave Crisis: On the abiotic front, a grave ecological crisis is caused by man’s exploitation of Nature, which is leading to a large scale depletion of natural resources, destruction of forests, and overuse of land for agriculture and habitation. Pollution is contaminating air, land, and water. Smoke from industries, homes and vehicles, is in the air. A smoky haze envelopes the major cities of the world. Industrial waste and consumer trash are choking streams and rivers, ponds and lakes, killing the marine life. Much of the waste is a product of modern technology. It is neither biodegradable nor reusable, and its longterm consequences are unknown. The viability of many animal and plant species, and possibly that of the humankind itself, is at stake. At the biotic level, humanity is facing a social justice crisis, which is caused by humanity’s confrontation with itself. The social justice crisis is that poverty, hunger, disease, exploitation and injustice are widespread. There are economic wars over resources and markets. The rights of the poor and the marginal are violated. Women, constituting half the world’s population, have their rights abused. Obviously, the contemporary human society is in the midst of a grave environmental crisis. There is a serious concern that the earth may no longer be a sustainable biosystem. Although human beings are seen as the most intelligent life form on earth, yet they are responsible for almost all the ecological damage done to the planet. The Sikh scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS), declares that the purpose of human beings is to achieve a blissful state and to be in harmony with the earth and all of God’s creation. It seems, however, that humans have drifted away from that ideal. According to the Sikh scriptures, humans create their surroundings as a reflection of their inner state. Thus, the increasing barrenness of the earth reflects a spiritual emptiness within humans. (shrink)

Science is defined as systematized knowledge of any kind that reflects a precise application of facts or principles. Viewed in this light Guru Nanak's life was a continuous process of scientific experimentation and enunciation. In this article, an attempt is made to bring out the scientific temper and the application of the methodology of science in guru Nanak's life. Scientific methodology is defined as a mode of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data gathered, a hypothesis (...) formulated and then empirically tested. The hypothesis that God alone Is, is an ancient tenet, tested and verified many times in mankind's history. However, it was given to Guru Nanak to prove this truth in the modern context. (shrink)

At present, amid a technological revolution, humanity is facing significant challenges for its survival. Ecological crisis is one of the gravest among these. There is a severe concern that the Earth may no longer be a sustainable biosystem. Although human beings are seen as the most intelligent life form on Earth, yet they are responsible for almost all the ecological damage done to the planet. According to the Sikh scripture, Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) [1-2], humans create their surroundings (...) as a reflection of their inner state. The current instability of the Earth's natural system is only a reflection of the instability and pain within them. The increasing barrenness of the Earth also reflects a spiritual emptiness within humans [3]. SGGS declares that human beings' purpose is to achieve a blissful state and be in harmony with the Earth and all of God's creation. It seems, however, that humans have drifted away from this ideal. The Sikh scripture tells that an attitude of humility, surrender to the Divine Spirit, and maintaining a harmonious relationship with all existence is sine-qua-non for humanity to find a way out of this dilemma. (shrink)

In these days of advanced science and technology, religion is still the greatest single factor influencing people. For the Western people, religion still has the original Latin meaning - to bind or a relationship. But for the people of the East, religion is Dharma, support and a way of life. The study of religious concepts is essential for it guides and enriches the social and individual life of the people. The doctrine of every religion consists of some basic concepts resulting (...) from the experiences of its prophets, holy persons or thinkers. In Sikhism, these concepts have been expounded by Guru Nanak and elaborated by his successors in the Guru Granth Sahib. In the present article, the concept of "Nature" is gleaned out of the holy scripture. (shrink)

“ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ: ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡੀ ਸਰੋਕਾਰ” ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੀ ਲੇਖਿਕਾ ਡਾ. ਕੁਲਦੀਪ ਕੌਰ, ਜਿਥੇ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਤਿੰਨ ਦਹਾਕਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਆਪਨ ਤੇ ਖੋਜ ਕਾਰਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਰਪਿਤ ਹੈ, ਉਥੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਦੀ ਨਿਸ਼ਠਾਵਾਨ ਚਿੰਤਕ ਵਜੋਂ ਵੀ ਉਨੀ ਹੀ ਮਕਬੂਲ ਹੈ। ਅੱਜ ਕਲ ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਕਾਲਜ, ਦਿੱਲੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਵਿਖੇ ਐਸੋਸੀਏਟ ਪ੍ਰੋਫੈਸਰ ਹੈ। ਉਸ ਨੇ ਹੁਣ ਤਕ ਅੱਠ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਮਾਂ-ਬੋਲੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੀ ਝੋਲੀ ਪਾਈਆਂ ਹਨ। ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਿਭਿੰਨ ਵਿਧਾਵਾਂ-ਕਵਿਤਾਵਾਂ, ਨਿਬੰਧ ਵਾਰਤਕ, ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੀਖਿਆ ‘ਤੇ ਹੱਥ-ਅਜ਼ਮਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੈ। ਸਿੱਖ (...) ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਵਿਚ “ਸ਼ਬਦ ਰਹੱਸ” ਅਤੇ Ḕਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡੀ ਪਰਿਪੇਖ” ਦੀ ਪੜਚੋਲ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਦਿਲਚਸਪੀ ਦਾ ਖੇਤਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। -/- ਡਾ. ਕੁਲਦੀਪ ਕੌਰ ਨੇ “ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ: ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡੀ ਸਰੋਕਾਰ” ਕਿਤਾਬ ਵਿਚ “ਆਰੰਭਕਾ” ਅਤੇ “ਮੇਰਾ ਪੱਖ” ਨਿਬੰਧਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਪੰਜ ਕਾਂਡ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਕੀਤੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਬਾਅਦ ਨਿਸ਼ਕਰਸ਼ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਦਰਭਿਕਾ ਦਾ ਵਰਣਨ ਹੈ। ਕਿਤਾਬ “ਸੰਪੂਰਨ ਗੁਰੂ: ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ” ਨੂੰ ਸਮਰਪਿਤ ਹੈ। ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਵਿਚ “ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡੀ ਗੀਤ” ਦੇ ਸਿਰਲੇਖ ਹੇਠ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਰਚੀ ਆਰਤੀ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਲੇਖਿਕਾ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਸ਼ਰਧਾ ਤੇ ਲਗਾਉ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਨਾਲ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਦੇ ਮੂਲ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਤੀਕ ਹੈ। -/- ਪੁਸਤਕ ਦੇ ਅਰੰਭਕ ਲੇਖ ਵਿਚ ਡਾ. ਕੁਲਦੀਪ ਕੌਰ ਦਾ ਕਥਨ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਇਕ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਧਾਰਮਿਕ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਬ੍ਰਹਮ-ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ-ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੇ ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਦੇ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵਿਚ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। 12ਵੀਂ ਤੋਂ 16ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਰਚੀ ਗਈ ਇਸ ਬਾਣੀ ਵਿਚ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਸਰੋਕਾਰ ਸਮਕਾਲੀ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਮੇਲ ਖਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਧਰਮ ਤੇ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿਚ ਸੁਮੇਲ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਹੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਉਪਲਬਧੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਨਮਦਾਤਾ ਬਣ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। ਸਮੇਂ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਤੇ ਰਹੱਸਵਾਦ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਸੂਝ-ਬੂਝ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਗਟਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਨਾਲ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਦੇ ਪੂਰਕ ਵਜੋਂ ਵੀ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ ਹੋ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। ਬੇਸ਼ਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਜਾਂ ਰਹੱਸਵਾਦ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਉਤੇ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰਦੇ, ਪਰ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੈ। ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਜਗਤ ਨੂੰ ਜਾਣਨ ਲਈ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਪੈਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤਰ-ਜਗਤ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਲਈ ਰਹੱਸ-ਅਨੁਭੂਤੀ ਦੀ। ਭੌਤਿਕਵਾਦੀ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਰਹੱਸਵਾਦੀ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਚੇਤਨਾ ਦੇ ਪੱਧਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਖੋਜ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਦੋਵੇਂ ਹੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਸਾਧਾਰਣ ਇੰਦਰੀ-ਬੋਧ ਦੀ ਹੱਦ ਤੋਂ ਪਾਰ ਮੌਜੂਦਗੀ ਵਾਲੀ ਗੁਣਤਾ ਦੇ ਧਾਰਨੀ ਹਨ।. (shrink)

Sikhism is a monotheistic religion founded during the 15th century in the Punjab region, by Guru Nanak Dev and continued to progress with ten successive Sikh gurus (the last teaching being the holy scripture Gurū Granth Sāhib Ji). It is the fifth-largest organized religion in the world, with over 30 million Sikhs and one of the most steadily growing. This system of religious philosophy and expression has been traditionally known as the Gurmat (literally 'of the gurus'). The Sikh Scriptures (...) outline the ways in which one can bring their own thinking in line with the Hukam. If one engages in the service of God's creation, this is the best way of working in harmony with the Divine Will. Further, by remembering Waheguru one becomes aware of "God desires" and "Divine essence" within the person is realised. By following these "Divine Values" that benefit His Creation, one ends the cycle of Karma and Transmigration. The objective of this paper is to study the basic life values taught by Sri Guru Gobind Singh ji. (shrink)

Guru Nanak in his hymns of Jap, Asa di Var, Siddh Gosht and Maru Sohilé has shown an incredible understanding of the mystery of creation. It is fascinating to note that some of the concepts/theories expressed in these Banis were not known to modern science until the eighteenth century. In this way, one can safely observe that Guru Nanak’s ideas were the forerunner of the modern scientific tradition. In this article, the ideas about the physical world as mentioned (...) in Guru Nanak’s hymns have been analyzed. It is concluded that Guru Nanak has pointed out very clearly that it is not possible to know the exact time of the creation by any means. Even with the use of very advanced scientific techniques available in the twenty-first century, it has not been possible to arrive at the truth of the subject. Obviously, Guru Nanak’s ideas about the creation of the material world (Universe) propounded about 500 years ago are in consonance with modern scientific thoughts. (shrink)