Results for 'Klaus Wiegerling'

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  1. Gründe geben. Maschinelles Lernen als Problem der Moralfähigkeit von Entscheidungen. Ethische Herausforderungen von Big-Data.Andreas Kaminski, Michael Nerurkar, Christian Wadephul & Klaus Wiegerling - 2020 - In Andreas Kaminski, Michael Nerurkar, Christian Wadephul & Klaus Wiegerling (eds.), Klaus Wiegerling, Michael Nerurkar, Christian Wadephul (Hg.): Ethische Herausforderungen von Big-Data. Bielefeld: Transcript. pp. 151-174.
    Entscheidungen verweisen in einem begrifflichen Sinne auf Gründe. Entscheidungssysteme bieten eine probabilistische Verlässlichkeit als Rechtfertigung von Empfehlungen an. Doch nicht für alle Situationen mögen Verlässlichkeitsgründe auch angemessene Gründe sein. Damit eröffnet sich die Idee, die Güte von Gründen von ihrer Angemessenheit zu unterscheiden. Der Aufsatz betrachtet an einem Beispiel, einem KI-Lügendetektor, die Frage, ob eine (zumindest aktuell nicht gegebene) hohe Verlässlichkeit den Einsatz rechtfertigen kann. Gleicht er nicht einem Richter, der anhand einer Statistik Urteile fällen würde?
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  2.  68
    Klaus Mainzer Philosophische Handbuch Künstliche Intelligenz.Klaus Mainzer (ed.) - 2020 - Heidelberg: Springer.
    ToM & AI. „TOM!“ No answer. „TOM!“ No answer. „What’s gone with that boy, I wonder? You TOM!“ No answer. „The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked over them about the room; then she put them up and looked out under them. She seldom or never looked THROUGH them for so small a thing as a boy; they were her state pair, the pride of her heart, and were built for „style,“ not service – she could have seen (...)
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  3. Teleology of the practical in Aristotle: The meaning of “πρaξισ”.Klaus Corcilius - 2019 - Manuscrito 42 (4):352-386.
    I show that in his De motu animalium Aristoteles proposes a teleology of the practical on the most general zoological level, i.e. on the level common to humans and self-moving animals. A teleology of the practical is a teleological account of the highest practical goals of animal and human self-motion. I argue that Aristotle conceives of such highest practical goals as goals that are contingently related to their realizations. Animal and human self-motion is the kind of action in which certain (...)
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  4. Ethik der Verhaltenssteuerung. Eine Neubegründung.Klaus Robra (ed.) - 2020 - Munich (Germany): GRIN Publishing GmbH.
    'Ethics of Behavior Control. A new foundation' Do we need a new ethics? Or even an 'ethics of behavior control'? Partly founded by Immanuel Kant, but no longer valid in all its aspects? If there are values and norms, which of them can survive the so called "decay of values"? And if there are limits of ethcis, for example caused by (social) system conditions, arises the question of how to legitimate new ethical challenges and demands. Last not least: Can ethics (...)
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  5. Quantum mechanical measurement in monistic systems theory.Klaus Fröhlich - 2023 - Science and Philosophy 11 (2):76-83.
    The monistic worldview aims at a uniform description of nature based on scientific models. Quantum physical systems are mutually part of the other quantum physical systems. An aperture distributes the subsystems and the wave front in all possible ways. The system only takes one of the possible paths, as measurements show. Conclusion from Bell's theorem: Before the quantum physical measurement, there is no point-like location in the universe where all the information that explains the measurement is available. Distributed information is (...)
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  6. Zur Axiomatisierung Der Nicht‐Identitäten Des Aussagenkalküls.Klaus Härtig - 1960 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 6 (15-22):240-247.
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  7. Explizite Definitionen einiger Eigenschaften von Zeichenreihen.Klaus Härtig - 1956 - Zeitschrift fur mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 2 (10-15):177-203.
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  8. Die «Identischen Urteile» der Syllogistik.Klaus Härtig - 1953 - Proceedings of the XIth International Congress of Philosophy 5:28-34.
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  9. Epistemic affordances in gestalt perception as well as in emotional facial expressions and gestures.Klaus Schwarzfischer - 2021 - Gestalt Theory 43 (2):179-198.
    Methodological problems often arise when a special case is confused with the general principle. So you will find affordances only for ‚artifacts’ if you restrict the analysis to ‚artifacts’. The general principle, however, is an ‚invitation character’, which triggers an action. Consequently, an action-theoretical approach known as ‚pragmatic turn’ in cognitive science is recommended. According to this approach, the human being is not a passive-receptive being but actively produces those action effects that open up the world to us. This ‚ideomotor (...)
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  10. Jürgen Habermas on the Way to a Postmetaphysical Reading of Kierkegaard.Klaus Viertbauer - 2019 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 11 (4):137-162.
    Habermas’s postmetaphysical reading of Kierkegaard is paradigmatic for his understanding of religion. It shows, why Habermas reduces religion to fideism. Therefore the paper reconstructs Habermas’s reception of Kierkegaard and compares it with the accounts of Dieter Henrich and Michael Theunissen. Furthermore it demonstrates how Habermas makes use of Kierkegaard’s dialectics of existence to formulate his postmetaphysical thesis of a cooperative venture.
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  11. Scientific-Philosophical Base of Darwin's and Wallace's Theory of Evolution.Klaus Fröhlich - 2023 - Science and Philosophy 11 (1):158-178.
    If Darwin's and Wallace's theory of evolution is reduced to "eat and be eaten" misunderstanding and rejection arise. From a didactic point of view, a scientific and philosophical examination of the theory is necessary. It can create understanding and acceptance. Epistemologically, the theory of evolution describes a cognition and innovation process that corresponds to scientific working methods. The philosophical analysis shows that ethical behaviour emerges in evolution. The basic concept of this article is the assumption of the unity of spirit (...)
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  12. Sinn und Wert statt Norm und Natur. Zu Kants Ethik und einigen Prämissen der Sinnfrage.Klaus Robra (ed.) - 2017 - München: GRIN Verlag.
    Founding or explaining norms by nature seems to be impossible. Kant's Categorical Imperative seems to be "normative", i.e. of absolute validity. In fact, it is not more or less than a value theory, since Kant considers the human person as endowed by unconditional dignity. Norms can be founded on values, not vice versa. And values seem always to lead to sense.
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  13. True Imaginings Integrating Panentheism and A Personal View of God.Klaus Müller - 2019 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 11 (1):61-81.
    The perhaps most challenging problem for a panentheistic paradigm in Christian god-talk consists in integrating the trait of personhood in the monistic horizon of this approach. A very helpful way to this goal seems to be the concept of imagination. Its logic of an “as if” represents a modified variation of Kant`s idea of the postulates of reason. Reflections of Jürgen Werbick, Douglas Headley, and Volker Gerhardt substantiate the philosophical and theological capabilities of this solution which also include a sensibility (...)
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  14. On Boyd's Rebuttal of Kripke's Argument for Dualism.Klaus Ladstaetter - 2014 - Papers of the 37th International Wittgenstein Symposium 22:175-177.
    The essay presents Saul Kripke's argument for mind/body-dualism and makes the suppositions explicit on which it rests. My claim, inspired by Richard Boyd, is that even if one of Kripke’s central suppositions - the principle of necessity of identities using rigid designators - is shared by the non-traditional identity theorist, it is still possible for her to rebut Kripke’s dualism.
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  15. Scientific-Philosophical definition of life.Klaus Fröhlich - 2022 - Science and Philosophy 10 (2):188-205.
    There are about 100 different contradictory definitions of life. The definition of life based on symbiosis that is presented here differs fundamentally from them; it gives life a value. So this definition offers a basis for ethical and legal action e.g. in organ transplants. It is based on principles and is not an ad hoc model: Significant processes for life are basis for a theoretical concept. Quality criteria for definitions are employed to control the concept. There is a graduation, not (...)
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  16. Représentation, Coloration et Éclairage dans la philosophie du langage de Gottlob Frege.Klaus Speidel - 2006 - In Jocelyn Benoist (ed.), Propositions et états de choses: entre être et sens. Vrin.
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  17. On John McClellan’s “Not Skeptical Theism, but Trusting Theism”.Klaus Ladstaetter - 2016 - Southwest Philosophy Review 32 (2):87-94.
    In the paper I voice my dissatisfaction with the author's essay because I think that the proposed “McClellean shift” from skeptical to trusting theism faces serious problems. The troubles are mainly caused by the way in which McClellan suggests to extend and “amend” the theist’s argument via the Moorean shift (which is intended to be a counter-argument to the atheist’s evidential argument from evil). But McClellan's proposal is no amendment at all, as it robs the theist's Moore-inspired argument its entire (...)
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  18. Einstellige Funktionen Als Grundbegriffe der Elementaren Zahlentheorie.Klaus Härtig - 1959 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 5 (14-24):209-215.
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  19. Sulfate Aerosol Geoengineering: The Question of Justice.Toby Svoboda, Klaus Keller, Marlos Goes & Nancy Tuana - 2011 - Public Affairs Quarterly 25 (3):157-180.
    Some authors have called for increased research on various forms of geoengineering as a means to address global climate change. This paper focuses on the question of whether a particular form of geoengineering, namely deploying sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere to counteract some of the effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, would be a just response to climate change. In particular, we examine problems sulfate aerosol geoengineering (SAG) faces in meeting the requirements of distributive, intergenerational, and procedural justice. We argue (...)
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  20. Ein Spezialfall der Substitution als Grundbeziehung der Elementaren Semiotik.Klaus Härtig - 1957 - Zeitschrift fur mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik 3 (11):151-156.
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  21. Climate Risk Management.Klaus Keller, Casey Helgeson & Vivek Srikrishnan - 2021 - Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 49:95–116.
    Accelerating global climate change drives new climate risks. People around the world are researching, designing, and implementing strategies to manage these risks. Identifying and implementing sound climate risk management strategies poses nontrivial challenges including (a) linking the required disciplines, (b) identifying relevant values and objectives, (c) identifying and quantifying important uncertainties, (d) resolving interactions between decision levers and the system dynamics, (e) quantifying the trade-offs between diverse values under deep and dynamic uncertainties, (f) communicating to inform decisions, and (g) learning (...)
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  22. Wege Zum Sinn.Klaus Robra (ed.) - 2015 - Hamburg (Germany): tredition eds..
    WEGE ZUM SINN WAYS TO SENSE. Generally known seems to be the fact that, somehow, sense and value are involved in purposes, aims and temporality. Less known are the details, the concrete forms of such connections. And even less: the thesis of certain philosophers pretending that values produce sense automatically. Yet: What are 'values'? What is 'sense'? How and why does it happen? Subjectively? Objectively? In situations? By means of Being and Nothing? Due to logics? So many questions!
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  23. „Der philosophische Grundgedanke bei Heidegger und die Krise der Moderne “.Klaus Nielandt - 2007 - Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie Und Theologie 1 (2):59-83.
    For Heidegger, the modern understanding of beeing is located within the space-time horizon of metaphysics in the form of a nihilistic "will to power", which makes it increasingly difficult for it to free itself from metaphysical thinking. With the progress and success of science and technology, the addiction of the modern age to metaphysics even seems to increase; man will ultimately be brought into the closed horizon of a tragic and nihilistic interpretation of beeing. The age of enlightenment, is in (...)
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  24. Behavior Control Ethics - A new foundation (English edition).Klaus Ulrich Robra (ed.) - 2021 - Kindle Dircet Publishing (amazon).
    Do we need a new ethics? And if so: why? Just because Kant's Categorical Imperative (Cat. Imp.) seems to be no longer valid? Are there, nevertheless, values that survive the so-called "decay of values"? And if there are limits of ethics, e.g. in system conditions, one can ask if new legit requests are to be made. Or can ethics even be absorbed (or "abolished") in anthropology and philosophy of history?
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  25. Dictatorship of the Proletariat + Bureaucracy = End of Socialism? The question of ways out of the dead ends.Klaus Ulrich Robra (ed.) - 2020 - München (Germany): GRIN-Verlag.
    The topic may initially suggest that massive reductionism is pursued with it. Why this is not the case, can be explained as follows: 'Dictatorship of the proletariat', 'bureaucracy' and 'bureaucratization' are key terms through which new aspects, facts and connections of the questions about socialism can be opened again and again.
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  26. Empirische Ästhetik: Kognitiv-semiotische Prozesse der Wirklichkeits-Konstruktion in Alltag, Kunst und Design.Klaus Schwarzfischer - 2016 - Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovac.
    Teil I »Psychologische Ästhetik für transdisziplinäres Design« -/- Kapitel I »Empirische Ästhetik – Der Konflikt zwischen leichter Verarbeitbarkeit, sparsamer Codierung und neuronaler Aktivierung im Beobachtersystem. Eine Untersuchung über das Wesen der ästhetischen Erfahrung. -/- Jede Designpraxis verlangt täglich eine Vielzahl von Entscheidungen, welche die Wahl von „Etwas vor dem Hintergrund anderer Möglichkeiten“ darstellen. Diese lassen sich als Probleme einer Präferenz-Ästhetik interpretieren, wobei innerhalb eines Repertoires von Alternativen die attraktivste gewählt wird. Eine empirische Ästhetik ist somit ein notwendiger Bestandteil von Designtheorie. (...)
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  27. Genomanalysen als Informationseingriff. Ethische, juristische und ökonomische Analysen zum prädiktiven Potential der Genomsequenzierung.Klaus Tanner, Paul Kirchhof, Matthias von der Schulenburg, Rüdiger Wolfrum, Gösta Gantner, Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor, Martin Frank & Plöthner Marika - 2016 - Heidelberg, Deutschland: Winter Universitätsverlag.
    Durch genomweite Analysen werden vielfältige gesundheitsrelevante Informationen über eine Person gewonnen. Solche Informationen können die Behandlung von Krankheiten verbessern. Sie ermöglichen aber auch Vorhersagen, ob eine Person und deren Verwandte in Zukunft möglicherweise erkranken werden. Der neuartige Charakter des Informationseingriffs und sein prädiktive Potential bedürfen der ethischen, juristischen und ökonomischen Reflexion, damit diese Technologie zum Wohl der Patienten, der Familienangehörigen und der Solidargemeinschaft eingesetzt werden kann. Die vorliegende Schrift leistet mit ihren interdisziplinären, vom BMBF finanzierten Analysen dazu einen Beitrag. Grundlagen (...)
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  28. Earl Stanley B. Fronda. Wittgenstein’s (Misunderstood) Religious Thought. Brill, 2010.Klaus von Stosch - 2012 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 4 (4):206--208.
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  29. (1 other version)On Tracy Lupher’s “A Logical Choice".Klaus Ladstaetter - 2012 - Southwest Philosophy Review 28 (2):101-106.
    In his essay Tracy Lupher (henceforth, TL) is concerned with Robert Kane's (1984) version of the modal ontological argument (MOA). As he correctly points out, Kane's argument is valid only if the accessibility relation between possible worlds is assumed to be symmetric. TL's remarks pave the way to thinking that the MOA is intended to establish the existence of a perfect being as a matter of logical necessity. Moreover, given TL's undisputed supposition (even shared by Kane) that S5 - in (...)
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  30.  61
    Elektronisches Publizieren und Bewertung wissenschaftlicher Expertise.Nicola Mößner & Klaus Erlach - 2024 - Zenodo.
    Das Positionspapier adressiert Probleme und Schwierigkeiten, die sich aus dem elektronischen Publizieren und den derzeitigen bibliometrischen Bewertungsverfahren wissenschaftlicher Expertise ergeben. Hierzu zählen u.a. der ‚Markt‘ der Informationen (Stichwort: Verlagsoligopole), das Wissenschaftler:innen-Tracking und die Metrisierung der Wissenschaft. -/- Es richtet sich insbesondere an Vertreter:innen die akademischen Philosophie als Fachdisziplin. Das Papier enthält Empfehlungen dazu, wie die identifizierten Problempunkte innerhalb der Disziplin lösungsorientiert angegangen werden können. Folgende Punkte werden zur Diskussion gestellt: -/- - Diamond-Open-Access im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens: Infrastruktur in die (...)
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  31. On Maxwell Suffis’s “From the Ground Up: Explaining Category Differences in Ontological Pluralism”.Klaus Ladstaetter - 2014 - Southwest Philosophy Review 30 (2):17-24.
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  32. Horwich and the Generalization Problem.Klaus Ladstaetter - 2004 - Papers of the 27th International Wittgenstein Symposium:187-189.
    In order to be complete, Horwich’s minimalist theory must be able to deal with generalizations about truth. A logical and an epistemic-explanatory level of the generalization problem are distinguished, and Horwich’s responses to both sides of the problem are examined. Finally some persistent problems for minimalism are pointed out.
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  33.  53
    Sprachspiel, Sprachsystem, Sprachideal: Über die Möglichkeit einer selbstreferentiellen Sinntheorie im Anschluß an Ludwig Wittgenstein.Klaus Niedermair - 1990 - In Theo Hug (ed.), Die soziale Wirklichkeit der Theorie. Beiträge zur Theorievermittlung und -aneignung in der Pädagogik. München: Profil. pp. 237-249.
    Die Philosophie Ludwig Wittgensteins eignet sich in besonderer Weise als Diskus-sionsforum aktueller philosophischer Fragen. Dabei sei nicht nur an den mittlerweile in sprach- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Belangen ausgiebig zitierten Witt-genstein der Philosophischen Untersuchungen gedacht, sondern auch an jenen des Tractatus logico-philosophicus (Traktat), wo – was zu zeigen ist – eine Theorie der Sprache als selbstreferentielles System grundgelegt wird, die z.T Züge des sog. Radikalen Konstruktivismus aufweist und (mit Blick auf die Philosophischen Un-tersuchungen) das postmoderne Problembewußtsein der „Heterogenität der Sprachspiele“ ankündigt. Der (...)
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  34.  32
    Ist Medienkompetenz die Meta-Kompetenz in einer individualisierten und globalisierten Lebenswelt?Klaus Niedermair - 2000 - Spiel. Siegener Periodicum Zur Internationalen Empirischen Literaturwissenschaft 19/2, 2000, S. 1 - 16 19 (2):1-16.
    This paper deals with the concept of media-competence in the era of globalization. The starting point is the hypothesis that the very globalization of society, culture, communication and information is a deep challenge for expanding this concept to a meta-competence. In a brief outline it is pointed out that common concepts of media-competence, in describing media only as tools of communication, are based on a naturalistic or even instrumentalistic fallacy. Therefore the operationalization of media-competence is often reduced to a catalogue (...)
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  35. Axiomatische Probleme in der Klassischen Syllogistik.Klaus Härtig - 1953 - In Bericht über die Mathematiker-Tagung in Berlin vom 14. bis 18. Januar 1953. pp. 19-20.
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  36. Los límites de la dinámica capitalista.Klaus Dörre & Leandro Sánchez Marín - 2024 - Medellín: Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid / Ennegativo Ediciones. Translated by Leandro Sánchez Marín.
    No es en modo alguno evidente que las crisis económicas sean objeto de la teoría crítica. Los propios Karl Marx y Friedrich Engels no desarrollaron una teoría integral de la crisis, sino que solo proporcionaron fragmentos que fueron interpretados y desarrollados de maneras muy diferentes por generaciones posteriores de intelectuales marxistas. El debate pasó gradualmente del ciclo económico a rupturas estructurales similares a crisis en la historia del desarrollo del capitalismo. Sin embargo, la teoría crítica reciente ha abandonado cada vez (...)
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  37.  36
    Das Ideal der philosophischen Postmoderne: Widerstand gegen die Okkupationen des Ideals in der Moderne.Klaus Niedermair - 1992 - In Anton Hütter, Josef Perger & Theo Hug (eds.), Paradigmenvielfalt und Wissensintegration. Wien: Passagen-Verlag. pp. 87 - 98.
    Die Philosophie der Postmoderne von Jean-Francois Lyotard kann weitgehend als metatheoretischer Diskurs über Ideale, Prinzipien, universale Begriffe und Totalitäten, namentlich über die verschiedenen Formen der „Übergänge" zwischen Ideal und Wirklichkeit gelesen werden. In diesem Punkt hat die philosophische Postmoderne, wenn man von den subtilen Überlegungen Kants absieht (die außerhalb der Philosophie eher wirkungslos blieben), die Moderne erschüttert oder zumindest die Einsicht in diesbezügliche Schwierigkeiten der Moderne forciert. Die Moderne ist das Zeitalter der mit Idealen, mit „großen Erzählungen", mit „Meta-Erzählungen" ideologisch (...)
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  38. Liar-Like Paradoxes and Metalanguage Features.Klaus Ladstaetter - 2013 - Southwest Philosophy Review 29 (1):61-70.
    In their (2008) article Liar-Like Paradox and Object Language Features C.S. Jenkins and Daniel Nolan (henceforth, JN) argue that it is possible to construct Liar-like paradox in a metalanguage even though its object language is not semantically closed. I do not take issue with this claim. I find fault though with the following points contained in JN’s article: First, that it is possible to construct Liar-like paradox in a metalanguage, even though this metalanguage is not semantically closed. Second, that the (...)
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  39. Einbettung elementarer Theorien in endlich axiomatisierbare.Klaus Härtig - 1958 - Mathematical Logic Quarterly 4 (17-20):249-292.
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  40. Über Einen Quantifikator Mit Zwei Wirk Ungsbereichen.Klaus Härtig - 1962 - In Colloquium on the Foundations of Mathematics, Mathematical Machines and their Applications.
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  41. Rationelle Begründung des Kalküls mit Summenzeichen und Produktzeichen.Klaus Härtig & Harry Schmidt - manuscript
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  42. Diplomarbeit.Klaus Härtig - 1950 - Dissertation,
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  43. Composite Time Concept for Quantum Mechanics and Bio-Psychology.Franz Klaus Jansen - 2018 - Philosophy Study 8 (2):49-66.
    Time has multiple aspects and is difficult to define as one unique entity, which therefore led to multiple interpretations in physics and philosophy. However, if the perception of time is considered as a composite time concept, it can be decomposed into basic invariable components for the perception of progressive and support-fixed time and into secondary components with possible association to unit-defined time or tense. Progressive time corresponds to Bergson’s definition of duration without boundaries, which cannot be divided for measurements. Time (...)
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  44.  46
    Wittgensteins Tractatus und die Selbstbezüglichkeit der Sprache.Klaus Niedermair - 1987 - Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften.
    Im System des Tractatus logico-philosophicus von L. Wittgenstein ist ein Schwerpunkt zu erkennen: die Selbstbezüglichkeit der Sprache. Diese begründet gleichzeitig Möglichkeit und Grenze von Sprache und Philosophie. Einerseits muss Sprache autark, selbstregulativ, also implizit selbstbezüglich sein: sinnvolle Sätze sind Entformalisierungen von Möglichkeiten von Sinn, diese sind Formalisierungen von sinnvollen Sätzen - nur in diesem Kreislauf ist Sprache möglich. Andererseits kann Sprache nicht explizit selbstbezüglich sein: ein Sprachsystem kann selbst nicht seine Möglichkeiten von Sinn darstellen, ohne im infiniten Regress der Selbstexplikation (...)
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  45. Algorithms for Ethical Decision-Making in the Clinic: A Proof of Concept.Lukas J. Meier, Alice Hein, Klaus Diepold & Alena Buyx - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (7):4-20.
    Machine intelligence already helps medical staff with a number of tasks. Ethical decision-making, however, has not been handed over to computers. In this proof-of-concept study, we show how an algorithm based on Beauchamp and Childress’ prima-facie principles could be employed to advise on a range of moral dilemma situations that occur in medical institutions. We explain why we chose fuzzy cognitive maps to set up the advisory system and how we utilized machine learning to train it. We report on the (...)
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  46. God’s Action in History.Klaus Von Stosch - 2015 - European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 7 (3):187--206.
    The explication of the Christian hope of resurrection requires Christianity to spell out the way in which God actually deals in the world. Only if we succeed, with regard to past, present, and future, in making the talk of God’s special action in history plausible, are we able to reasonably assert essential Christian beliefs. Yet due to past horrors, present ongoing suffering, and a future that promises of little else, it is precisely this talk that has become doubtful. This article (...)
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  47. The Hard Problem of Consciousness from a Bio-Psychological Perspective.Franz Klaus Jansen - 2017 - Philosophy Study 7 (11):579-594.
    Chalmers introduced the hard problem of consciousness as a profound gap between experience and physical concepts. Philosophical theories were based on different interpretations concerning the qualia/concept gap, such as interactive dualism (Descartes), as well as mono aspect or dual aspect monism. From a bio-psychological perspective, the gap can be explained by the different activity of two mental functions realizing a mental representation of extra-mental reality. The function of elementary sensation requires active sense organs, which create an uninterrupted physical chain from (...)
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  48. Why Simpler Computer Simulation Models Can Be Epistemically Better for Informing Decisions.Casey Helgeson, Vivek Srikrishnan, Klaus Keller & Nancy Tuana - 2021 - Philosophy of Science 88 (2):213-233.
    For computer simulation models to usefully inform climate risk management, uncertainties in model projections must be explored and characterized. Because doing so requires running the model many ti...
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  49. Elements of Literature: Essay, Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Film.Robert Scholes, Carl H. Klaus, Nancy R. Comley & Michael Silverman (eds.) - 1991 - Oxford University Press USA.
    Providing the most thorough coverage available in one volume, this comprehensive, broadly based collection offers a wide variety of selections in four major genres, and also includes a section on film. Each of the five sections contains a detailed critical introduction to each form, brief biographies of the authors, and a clear, concise editorial apparatus. Updated and revised throughout, the new Fourth Edition adds essays by Margaret Mead, Russell Baker, Joan Didion, Annie Dillard, and Alice Walker; fiction by Nathaniel Hawthorne, (...)
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  50. Relativity of a Free Will Concept Depending on Both Conscious Indeterminism and Unconscious Determinism.Franz Klaus Jansen - 2011 - Philosophy Study 1 (2):103 - 117.
    Free will is difficult to classify with respect to determinism or indeterminism, and its phenomenology in consciousness often shows both aspects. Initially, it is felt as unlimited and indeterminate will power, with the potentiality of multiple choices. Thereafter, reductive deliberation is led by determinism to the final decision, which realises only one of the potential choices. The reductive deliberation phase tries to find out the best alternative and simultaneously satisfying vague motivations, contextual conditions and personal preferences. The essential sense of (...)
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