The 21st century is undergoing an unprecedented productivity shift due to the use of disruptive technologies, including artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, big data, robotics, and augmented reality, among others. The use of these technologies is expanding across all sectors of the economy, blurring the boundaries between different activities, and digital systems are permeating them, leading to a reevaluation of knowledge and techniques in various fields of study. Accounting is not exempt from this reality, and blockchain technology is emerging as (...) a methodology that brings about substantial changes in topics that have been the conceptual and technical foundation of the discipline, such as double-entry bookkeeping. -/- This essay aims to approach blockchain from two objectives. The first is to present blockchain technology as a tool for accounting. This technology enables a paradigm shift in accounting by providing more transparent, secure, and reliable information. This leads to a review and reconsideration of certain roles of professionals in the field of economics, such as the external auditor as a guarantor of the reasonableness of accounting information. The conceptual frameworks related to the topic and how blockchain enables the incorporation of a third distributed ledger are presented. -/- The second approach of the essay seeks to analyze the responses of accounting regulations to a new type of assets that arise with the advent of blockchain, such as cryptocurrencies in general. The position adopted by the IASB is shown, which fails to provide a convincing response and has led to different regulatory bodies in various countries adopting their own positions. The result of the analysis is presented in a comparative table. -/- The essay concludes by reflecting on the changes brought about by this new technology and the role that academia should play. (shrink)

An analysis of the physical implications of abstractness reveals the reality of three interconnected modes of existence: abstract, virtual and concrete, corresponding in physics to information, energy and matter. This triple-aspect monism clarifies the ontological status of subatomic quantum particles. It also provides a non-spooky solution to the weirdness of quantum physics and a new outlook for the mind-body problem. The ontological implications are profound for both physics and philosophy.

Complexity may not be defined or explained with entities and properties. Instead, a system is proposed ontologically, epistemologically, and semantically as the definition or explanation in this paper, with matter, energy and lives as its components, and with all its components defined as changes, which might improve upon our prediction in/with complexity. -/- .

The author argues in this paper that consciousness may never be defined or explained with entities and properties, neither with brains and neurons, nor with particles, waves, and fields. Instead, a system is proposed in this paper, with matter, energy and lives as its components, and with all its components defined as changes. The definitions or explanations of consciousness based on the systematic relationships among these components are: • Ontologically, consciousness is universal, since it may only be the systematic distinction (...) between matter and energy. • Epistemologically, consciousness is unique, since it may only be the energy qualified systematically by the matter. • Semantically, consciousness is neither the cause nor the effect of mental activities, since it may only be languages. To deny its ontology means to be a dualist. To deny its epistemology means to be a Platonist. And to deny its semantics means to be an animist or panpsychist. None of them may contribute anything to neuroscience or artificial intelligence. Compared with matter and energy, life is the more difficult part of this definition and explanation, also an indispensable part since life is the only cause or effect of matter and energy. If without life, matter and energy by themselves cannot be the explanation of agency or intentional action, nor the explanation of learning and knowledge. Moreover, a system only with matter and energy as its components is fundamentally against birth, death, development, and evolution. Neither of them may explain why everything including us and our cosmos must be created but nothing may remain forever. And the only reason why there is consciousness is that it may be the birth or death of lives. Such defined or explained consciousness might be useful for us to find a more unified framework for neuroscience, the philosophy of mind, and the studies of artificial intelligence. At least, it helps us to avoid making more useless efforts. (shrink)

A set D subset of V(G) is a dominating set of a graph G if for all x ϵ V(G)\D, for some y ϵ D such that xy ϵ E(G). A dominating set D subset of V(G) is called a connected dominating set of a graph G if the subgraph <D> induced by D is connected. A connected domination number of G, denoted by γ_c(G), is the minimum cardinality of a connected dominating set D. The triple repetition sequence denoted (...) by {S_n:n ϵ Z+} is a sequence of positive integers which is repeated thrice, i.e., {S_n}={1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3, ...}. In this paper, we construct a combinatorial explicit formula for the triple repetition sequence of connected domination numbers of a triangular grid graph. (shrink)

Abstract— In this paper, we introduce the definition of triple Aboodh transform, some properties for the transform are presented. Furthermore, several theorems dealing with the properties of the triple Aboodh transform are proved. In addition, we use this transform to solve partial differential equations with integer and non-integer orders.

Abstract: In this paper, the definition of triple Aboodh transform of fractional order α, where α ϵ [0, 1], is introduced for functions which are fractional differentiable. We also present several properties of this transform. Furthermore, some main theorems and their proofs are discussed.

Con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa, la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales adquiere eficacia jurídica, y se prevé la posibilidad de que la Unión Europea se adhiera al Convenio de Roma. En este trabajo pretendemos acercarnos a los antecedentes que han justificado una huída de la tutela de los derechos fundamentales de base jurisprudencial desarrollada por el Tribunal de Justicia hacia una formalización de la misma, a través de dos caminos: la formalización a través de una declaración (...) de derechos que se ha concretado en la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales, y la adhesión al Convenio de Roma. Finalmente trataremos de esbozar las perspectivas que se abren en el horizonte constitucional de la Unión Europea, donde gozamos ya de un Tribunal de Justicia que ejercerá una función tan constitucional como la tutela de los derechos fundamentales, contenidos ya en una declaración con fuerza jurídica, cuya interpretación se vincula al Convenio de Roma. (shrink)

When examining the human being as a conscious being, we are still to arrive at an understanding of, firstly, the conditions required whereby physical processes give rise to consciousness and secondly, how consciousness is something fundamental to life as an intrinsic part of nature. Humans are complex organisms with myriad interacting systems whereby the convergence of the activities toward the support and development of the whole organism requires a high level of organisation. Though what accounts for the dynamic unity of (...) the human being? From an empirical perspective the question remains unanswered. The aim of this paper is to conceptually establish a fundamental biophysical organising principle to account for the unity and organisation of the human being. To this end I draw from David Bohm’s interpretation of quantum theory to provide an adapted and adjunct conceptual scheme in the form of a Triple-Aspect-Theory (TAT) of Being as a grounding ontology. David Bohm presented a holistic view of two interwoven orders of existence defined as the Explicate material world and the Implicate (quantum) enfolded world from which the former materialises. Consistent with David Bohm’s idea that matter at a fundamental level consists of a kind of protointelligence, the TAT facilitates a perspective based on aspect conditions of the human organism intended to furnish an explanation of the constitutive mechanism (TAT) inherent in the evolving human being. The TAT operates as an organising principle by which evolution inherently proceeds and maintains itself in an interactive relation between the Implicate and Explicate orders. The accumulated effect of natural selection is to produce adaptations, but without an organising principle: ‘Consciousness’, ‘Body-of-Experience’ and ‘Intellect-Reflective’ (the terms for the engaged coexistent aspects of being) it is argued could not occur. (shrink)

The demonstration of a loophole-free violation of Bell's inequality by Hensen et al. (2015) leads to the inescapable conclusion that timelessness and abstractness exist alongside space-time. This finding is in full agreement with the triple-aspect monism of reality, with mathematical Platonism, free will and the eventual emergence of a scientific morality.

In this paper, modelling design and analysis of a triple inverted pendulum have been done using Matlab/Script toolbox. Since a triple inverted pendulum is highly nonlinear, strongly unstable without using feedback control system. In this paper an optimal control method means a linear quadratic regulator and pole placement controllers are used to stabilize the triple inverted pendulum upside. The impulse response simulation of the open loop system shows us that the pendulum is unstable. The comparison of the (...) closed loop impulse response simulation of the pendulum with LQR and pole placement controllers results that both controllers have stabilized the system but the pendulum with LQR controllers have a high overshoot with long settling time than the pendulum with pole placement controller. Finally the comparison results prove that the pendulum with pole placement controller improve the stability of the system. (shrink)

In this paper, modelling design and analysis of a triple inverted pendulum have been done using Matlab/Script toolbox. Since a triple inverted pendulum is highly nonlinear, strongly unstable without using feedback control system. In this paper an optimal control method means a linear quadratic regulator and pole placement controllers are used to stabilize the triple inverted pendulum upside. The impulse response simulation of the open loop system shows us that the pendulum is unstable. The comparison of the (...) closed loop impulse response simulation of the pendulum with LQR and pole placement controllers results that both controllers have stabilized the system but the pendulum with LQR controllers have a high overshoot with long settling time than the pendulum with pole placement controller. Finally the comparison results prove that the pendulum with pole placement controller improve the stability of the system. (shrink)

Abstracto: Notas introductorias a la fenomenología realista de la persona, fundada en el seguimiento del saber del corazón y de la voluntad además del intelecto. Se presenta un método iterativo triple de seguimiento filosófico que corresponde con las facultades humanas y la vida intencional. Sentido trascendente de la verdad, valor y virtud y visión espiritual de la persona. Escrito inspirado en la filosofía de von Hildebrand.

English: We analyzed the motivations that Catholic seminarians in Portugal evoke as important factors for their decision to follow the priesthood. We proposed working hypotheses according to which the speech of seminarians could reflect both the influence of classical religious socialization, agents like family and the parish community, as well as more subjective elements related to the idea of a vocation to the priesthood. The results indicated the presence of these factors and showed that the reasons related to the priestly (...) vocation and desire to serve God and the Church appear as more important than the influence of family or other reasons. -/- Português: Analisamos as motivações que os seminaristas católicos em Portugal evocam como fatores importantes para a sua decisão de seguir o sacerdócio. Propusemos hipóteses de trabalho segundo as quais o discurso dos seminaristas poderia refletir tanto a influência de agentes clássicos de socialização religiosa, como a família e a comunidade paroquial, como elementos mais subjetivos relacionados com a ideia de vocação para o sacerdócio. Os resultados indicaram a presença desses fatores e mostraram que os motivos relacionados com a vocação sacerdotal e a vontade de servir a Deus e a Igreja aparecem como mais importantes do que a influência da família ou de outros significativos. (shrink)

Most studies on Nietzsche seldom associate him with the dialectic method. We readily think of Socrates, Hegel, and Marx when we hear of dialectic, but very rarely, if at all, of Nietzsche. To date, very few studies on Nietzsche have claimed that one of the German philosopher's underpinning philosophical methodologies in his literary oeuvre is the dialectic. This paper thus intends to show that Nietzsche has been employing the dialectic throughout his writings, especially in his treatment of the "free spirits"-a (...) recurring subject in his different compositions. To do this, I will first revisit the meaning of dialectic in Socrates, Hegel, and Marx and subsequently argue that in Nietzsche, a type of dialectic akin to Hegel's permeates his writings. In the next parts of this paper, I will discuss in-depth how for Nietzsche, the incarnation of the free spirits involves not just one, but a continuum of triple dialectic. I will argue that to become a free spirit, one must constantly apply the dialectics of (1) criticality and openness, (2) unlearning and relearning, and (3) overcoming and becoming. These dialectics, in my view, are the necessary conditions for any individual to be truly free. In this paper, I will importantly highlight that these dialectics run through Nietzsche's works starting from the early up to the final period of his literary productivity. (shrink)

Reseña introductoria para una interpretación teológica de la obra literaria de C.S. Lewis.

This paper aims to construct a new formula that generates a generalized version of congruent numbers based on a generalized version of Pythagorean triples. Here, an elliptic curve equation is constructed from the derived generalized version of Pythagorean triples and congruent numbers and gives some new results.

Nesta entrada irei apresentar uma nova taxonomia sistemática das nossas capacidades imaginativas, coerente com os tratamentos convencionais em ciência cognitiva, filosofia da mente e estética. Em particular, irei distinguir entre a imaginação não-proposicional e a imaginação proposicional, o que inclui ainda outras subvariedades, como a imaginação objectual, a imagética, a imaginação experiencial, a suposição, o faz-de-conta e outras.

Uma entrada produtiva para explorar o funcionamento discursivo das textualidades digitais é o modo como a autoria se relaciona com a inscrição político-ideológica do sujeito, historizando o discurso em suas diferentes materialidades significantes2. Para este trabalho, trago compreensões sobre os vlogs (videologs) que circulam e são produzidos para a plataforma YouTube. Nos vlogs, a tomada de posição de um “eu”, no efeito de falar diretamente para a câmera e assumindo o “falar sobre” (a vida pessoal, fatos cotidianos, comentários sobre (...) acontecimentos midiáticos, ciência e política, e dicas de atividades específicas ligadas a jogos de videogames, beleza e gastronomia) se dá no encontro de uma formulação estruturada pela imbricação de diferentes materialidades significantes (a imagem, o corpo, a sonoridade, a língua) e os rituais de criação de um vlog regulamentados e determinados pelo e no YouTube. (shrink)

A classical probabilistics explanation for a typical quantum effect in Hardy's paradox is demonstrated.

En esta entrada se mencionan las principales cuestiones en los fundamentos de la mecánica estadı́stica y la termodinámica, y las cuestiones filosóficas en las que repercuten estas áreas de la fı́sica. Al final se añaden lecturas recomendadas, enfatizando las traducidas al español.

Este ensaio celebra as cinco décadas da publicação do livro A ordem do discurso de Michel Foucault, realizando uma reflexão acerca de sua repercussão entre as ciências sociais e sobre seus usos, principalmente, no campo da linguagem na parte relacionada à análise do discurso de linha francesa. Portanto, trata-se de uma retrospectiva crítica cuja análise começa com a entrevista que Foucault concedeu algumas semanas antes de proferir esta aula aos brasileiros Sergio Paulo Rouanet e José Guilherme Merquior. Em seguida, o (...) presente trabalho faz uma breve história da entrada de Foucault ao Collège de France e, por fim, lida com a microfísica do discurso que se encontra nesta aula, sobretudo, da rarefação do sujeito, além dos seus usos nas ciências humanas e sociais mais o campo da linguagem em torno da pragmática e das análises de discurso. (shrink)

A ideia de que certas categorias, propriedades, eventos, ou factos, são construídos socialmente tem sido defendida nas ciências sociais e humanidades desde meados do século xx. Nas últimas décadas, vários filósofos da tradição analítica começaram a dedicar mais atenção à possibilidade de que haja tipos de coisas construídas socialmente. A ideia complementa outra ideia relativamente consensual hoje em dia: a de que existem tipos naturais, mas que nem tudo o que existe constitui um tipo natural. São particularmente interessantes os tipos (...) de coisas que parecem naturais, mas que se argumenta serem na realidade construídos socialmente. Nesta entrada, identifico o papel que as teses construtivistas têm no progresso social e político, distingo entre várias formas de construtivismo teoricamente interessantes – causal e constitutivo, e discuto três objecções à ideia do construtivismo factual. (shrink)

Todas las prácticas ancestrales relacionadas con el parto y la maternidad tienen para las comunidades mapuce un profundo anclaje cultural. ¿Qué sucede cuando la mujer mapuce va a parir a un hospital público del sistema de salud hegemónico? ¿Se respeta su cosmovisión? ¿Se valoran sus saberes? ¿Se la escucha? En este libro, Cintia Rodríguez Garat aborda la atención sanitaria de parto de las mujeres mapuce en la localidad de Las Coloradas, provincia del Neuquén, y se pregunta si en esta práctica (...) prevalece el respeto a sus derechos culturales. Esta es la puerta de entrada a un profundo análisis de la situación de opresión interseccional que han padecido históricamente las mujeres mapuce, producto de múltiples discriminaciones, con eje en las relaciones de género, clase y etnia. -/- El estudio busca justificar la implementación de políticas públicas, basadas en una concepción de justicia epistémica, para promover en Neuquén y en el resto del país el derecho a la salud desde la pluralidad histórica de la diversidad cultural y con perspectiva de género. (shrink)

Attempts to unify Marxist and feminist social critique have been vexed by the fact that ‘patriarchy’ predates the advent of capitalism (its transhistorical status). Feminists within the Marxist, socialist, and materialist traditions have responded to this point by either granting patriarchy a certain autonomy relative to capitalism (the ‘dual/triple systems’ approach), or by suggesting that patriarchal relations have a foundational and necessary status in the history of capitalist development (which we term the ‘origins-subsistence’ approach). This paper offers an alternative (...) account of the relationship between capitalism and the transhistorical status of ‘patriarchy’. In aid of a ‘unitary theory’ of Marxist Feminism, we argue that the transhistorical status of patriarchy is better understood through an application of Marx’s concepts of formal and real subsumption. A modified version of these concepts can illuminate not only capitalist appropriation of antecedent social and economic forms, but also its capacity to produce new forms of gendered exploitation and oppression. (shrink)

Computer-based argument mapping greatly enhances student critical thinking, more than tripling absolute gains made by other methods. I describe the method and my experience as an outsider. Argument mapping often showed precisely how students were erring (for example: confusing helping premises for separate reasons), making it much easier for them to fix their errors.

Should editors of scientific journals practice triple-anonymous reviewing? I consider two arguments in favor. The first says that insofar as editors’ decisions are affected by information they would not have had under triple-anonymous review, an injustice is committed against certain authors. I show that even well-meaning editors would commit this wrong and I endorse this argument. The second argument says that insofar as editors’ decisions are affected by information they would not have had under triple-anonymous review, it (...) will negatively affect the quality of published papers. I distinguish between two kinds of biases that an editor might have. I show that one of them has a positive effect on quality and the other a negative one, and that the combined effect could be either positive or negative. Thus I do not endorse the second argument in general. However, I do endorse this argument for certain fields, for which I argue that the positive effect does not apply. (shrink)

Information and Communication Technologies, ICTs, has now for decades being increasingly taken into use for higher education, enabling distance learning, e-learning and online learning, mainly in parallel to mainstream educational practise. The concept Blended learning (BL) aims at the integration of ICTs with these existing educational practices. The term is frequently used, but there is no agreed-upon definition. The general aim of this dissertation is to identify new possible perspectives on ICTs and access to higher education, for negotiating the dichotomy (...) between campus-based and ICT-enabled education. The access options of BL are in focus for this dissertation, although BL is generally seen as a campus phenomenon, and shares a place perspective. The main research questions in the dissertation are 1) how BL can be understood in the context of increased access to education, moreover, (2) how time can be work as a more constructive perspective for designing ICTs in education, compared to place. The dissertation comprises five articles. The first is conceptual and concentrates on place and time in blended learning, and forms a time-based model and perspective, drawing on the tension between synchronous and asynchronous modalities instead of a place-based center-periphery model. The following article examines the differences between North American and European use of the term BL, in education and research, and finds that BL is not much used by European researchers, although the term is frequently used in educational environments. Two design and intervention studies, articles 3 and 4, make experiments using the BL time-based model. In article 3, a group of untraditional learners at a learning centre in Arvidsjaur attends a synchronous co-located study circle group and participates in an asynchronous and global Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). In article 4, nine students in a preparatory year for entering engineering studies volunteer and participate in a pilot distance course experiment, where prevention of procrastination is a high priority. For this, agile framework theory, constructivist learning theory and the time-based model are used in design and analysis. The last article (5) reconnects learning to place by discussing and adapting Triple- and Quadruple Helix theory for regional development in the knowledge society to four regional European cases. At the end of the synthesis, an outline of the access affordances with the time-based model is given, drawing on Adam’s timescape theory. The discussion of ICT integration into education is made drawing on Floridi’s Philosophy of Information, which provides many tools to view discourses of ICTs in education critically, and also envisions the concept of e-ducation in the infosphere, where other blend issues appear connected to weak artificial intelligence and the pervasive power of ICTs. (shrink)

The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to closely explore the nature of Einstein’s block universe and to tease out its implications for the nature of time and human freedom. Four questions, in particular, are central to this dissertation, and set out the four dimensions of this philosophical investigation: (1) Does the block universe view of time follow inevitably from the theory of special relativity? (2) Is there room for the passage of time in the block universe? (3) Can we (...) distinguish past from future in the block universe? (4) Is there room for human freedom in the block universe? Although the answer of most philosophers would be yes, triple no, my own answer, controversially, is no, triple yes. -/- I thereby challenge the status quo with respect to each of these metaphysical questions, and argue that none of these questions can be answered from looking at physics alone. Physics may constrain our metaphysics, but it certainly does not settle it. What is needed in order to answer these questions, are additional metaphysical assumptions that fall outside the scope of modern physics. My primary goal in this dissertation, therefore, is not to settle the debates on the nature of time and human freedom, but to clarify them by expliciting the metaphysical assumptions that are otherwise left implicit. (shrink)

Una imagen muy generalizada a la hora de entender el software de computador es la que lo representa como una “caja negra”: no importa realmente saber qué partes lo componen internamente, sino qué resultados se obtienen de él según ciertos valores de entrada. Al hacer esto, muchos problemas filosóficos son ocultados, negados o simplemente mal entendidos. Este artículo discute tres unidades de análisis del software de computador, esto es, las especificaciones, los algoritmos y los procesos computacionales. El objetivo central (...) es entender las prácticas cientficas e ingenieriles detrás de cada unidad de software, así como analizar su metodología, ontología y epistemología. (shrink)

Achieving space situational awareness requires, at a minimum, the identification, characterization, and tracking of space objects. Leveraging the resultant space object data for purposes such as hostile threat assessment, object identification, and conjunction assessment presents major challenges. This is in part because in characterizing space objects we reference a variety of identifiers, components, subsystems, capabilities, vulnerabilities, origins, missions, orbital elements, patterns of life, operational processes, operational statuses, and so forth, which tend to be defined in highly heterogeneous and sometimes inconsistent (...) ways. The Space Domain Ontologies are designed to provide a consensus-based realist framework for formulating such characterizations in a way that is both consistent and computable. Space object data are aligned with classes and relations in a suite of ontologies built around the existing Space Object Ontology. They are stored in a dynamically updated Resource Description Framework triple store, which can be queried to support space situational awareness and the needs of spacecraft operators and analysts. This paper provides an overview of the Space Domain Ontologies and their development and use. It presents the motivation for and advantages of the Space Domain Ontologies, including the benefits they provide for enhancing and maintaining long-term space situational awareness. (shrink)

Advancements in computing, instrumentation, robotics, digital imaging, and simulation modeling have changed science into a technology-driven institution. Government, industry, and society increasingly exert their influence over science, raising questions of values and objectivity. These and other profound changes have led many to speculate that we are in the midst of an epochal break in scientific history. -/- This edited volume presents an in-depth examination of these issues from philosophical, historical, social, and cultural perspectives. It offers arguments both for and against (...) the epochal break thesis in light of historical antecedents. Contributors discuss topics such as: science as a continuing epistemological enterprise; the decline of the individual scientist and the rise of communities; the intertwining of scientific and technological needs; links to prior practices and ways of thinking; the alleged divide between mode-1 and mode-2 research methods; the commodification of university science; and the shift from the scientific to a technological enterprise. Additionally, they examine the epochal break thesis using specific examples, including the transition from laboratory to real world experiments; the increased reliance on computer imaging; how analog and digital technologies condition behaviors that shape the object and beholder; the cultural significance of humanoid robots; the erosion of scientific quality in experimentation; and the effect of computers on prediction at the expense of explanation. -/- Whether these events represent a historic break in scientific theory, practice, and methodology is disputed. What they do offer is an important occasion for philosophical analysis of the epistemic, institutional and moral questions affecting current and future scientific pursuits. (shrink)

We present in this paper a novel ontological theory of events whose central tenet is the Aristotelian distinction between the object that changes and the actual subject of change, which is what we call an individual quality. While in the Kimian tradition events are individuated by a triple ⟨ o, P, t ⟩, where o is an object, P a property, and t an interval of time, for us the simplest events are qualitative changes, individuated by a triple (...) ⟨ o, q, t ⟩, where q is an individual quality inhering in o or in one of its parts. Detaching the individuation of events from the property they exemplify results in a fine-grained theory that keeps metaphysics and semantics clearly separate, and lies between the multiplicative and the unitarian approaches. We discuss then the way language refers to events, observing that, in most cases, event descriptions refer to complex, cognitively relevant clusters of co-occurring qualitative changes, which exhibit a synchronic structure depending on the way they are described. Contra Bennett, who famously argued that the semantics of event names ultimately depends on “local context and unprincipled intuitions”, we show how the lexicon provides systematic principles for individuating such clusters and classifying them into kinds. Finally, we address some open challenges in the semantics of locative and manner modifiers. (shrink)

La traducción al latín de la obra de Maimónides Moreh Nevukhim | Guía para Perplejos, ha sido la obra judía más influyente en los últimos milenios (Di Segni, 2019; Rubio, 2006; Wohlman, 1988, 1995; Kohler, 2017). Ésta marcó el comienzo de la escolástica, «hija del judaísmo nutrida por pensadores judíos, » según el historiador Heinrich Graetz (Geschichte der Juden, L. 6, Leipzig 1861, p. xii). Impresa por la primera imprenta mecánica de Gutenberg, su influencia en Occidente se extendió hasta el (...) Quinto Concilio de Letrán (1512-1517) « donde se instó a los eruditos a eliminar las dificultades que parecían dividir el conjunto de la teología y la filosofía (Leibniz, Teodicea, 11 ). » Durante siglos, la Guía revolucionó el currículo de estudios de la instrucción escolar al reintegrar en el ámbito de la fe las leyes del pensamiento (la cuarta de las cuales se convirtió en el principio de la razón suficiente de Leibniz). La colección completa de las notas que exponen las ideas de la Guía incluye todos los pasajes seleccionados y reescritos por Leibniz. Esta primera traducción bilingüe completa y anotada de los manuscritos originales en latín sirve como una puerta de entrada a la fe conforme a la Razón. -/- « El excelente libro del rabino Moisés Maimónides, Guía para perplejos, es más filosófico de lo que había imaginado y merece una lectura atenta. El autor, distinguido por su inteligencia filosófica, fue versado en matemáticas, en el arte de la medicina, y también en el conocimiento de las Sagradas Escrituras. » — GW LEIBNIZ, 1685. Antología de Leibniz de la Guía de Maimónides, Capítulo III. (shrink)

Achieving space domain awareness requires the identification, characterization, and tracking of space objects. Storing and leveraging associated space object data for purposes such as hostile threat assessment, object identification, and collision prediction and avoidance present further challenges. Space objects are characterized according to a variety of parameters including their identifiers, design specifications, components, subsystems, capabilities, vulnerabilities, origins, missions, orbital elements, patterns of life, processes, operational statuses, and associated persons, organizations, or nations. The Space Object Ontology provides a consensus-based realist framework (...) for formulating such characterizations in a computable fashion. Space object data are aligned with classes and relations in the Space Object Ontology and stored in a dynamically updated Resource Description Framework triple store, which can be queried to support space domain awareness and the needs of spacecraft operators. This paper presents the core of the Space Object Ontology, discusses its advantages over other approaches to space object classification, and demonstrates its ability to combine diverse sets of data from multiple sources within an expandable framework. Finally, we show how the ontology provides benefits for enhancing and maintaining longterm space domain awareness. (shrink)

En las dos entregas anteriores abordamos el inicio de la evolución del pensamiento matemático, desde el uso de herramientas matemáticas para problemas de cálculo concreto en la antigua Babilonia, pasando por el inicio de las matemáticas abstractas, las demostraciones y el nacimiento de la “geometría por la geometría” desde la visión religioso-filosófica de Platón y los pitagóricos, hasta la síntesis de ambas visiones en las matemáticas de la India, China y el mundo árabe, que fue la puerta de entrada (...) de las matemáticas a Europa, alrededor del siglo XV. (shrink)

Remco Heesen has recently argued in favor of the editorial practice of triple-anonymous review on the grounds that ``an injustice is committed against certain authors'' under non-anonymous review. On the other hand, he concedes that the information waste of triple-anonymous review does handicap editors, in particular sacrificing a boost in the average quality of accepted papers that would otherwise be conferred by non-anonymous review. In this paper it is observed that by devoting comparatively greater reviewing resources to the (...) papers of unfamiliar authors, editors practicing non-anonymous review can, without loss of information, avoid subjecting authors to the sorts of injustices observed by Heesen. Thus they can reap the efficiency gains of non-anonymous review without sacrificing fairness. (shrink)

Trata-se de investigar de que maneira a vida cavaleiresca e a vida cortês se constituem e se opõem na Grã-Bretanha da virada do século XVI para o XVII. Para isso, será utilizado, como porta de entrada, um estudo do personagem Sir John Falstaff e de como esse homem se relaciona com a moralidade cortês e cavaleiresca própria da época em que seu criador escreveu. Desse modo, para além das peças de Shakespeare em que se encontra esse personagem, também será (...) necessário consultar manuais de cortesia (como o de Castiglione), bem como investigar a Ordem da Jarreteira, à qual o dramaturgo britânico associa seu personagem. Por fim, espera-se, com esta pesquisa, contribuir para os estudos acerca das relações entre cavalaria, cortesia e polidez já que, como se sabe, Shakespeare passa a ser tomado, no século XVIII, como um dos autores importantes para a formação moral das luzes britânicas. (shrink)

¿Qué ha pasado con el problema del cardinal del continuo después de Gödel (1938) y Cohen (1964)? Intentos de responder esta pregunta pueden encontrarse en los artículos de José Alfredo Amor (1946-2011), "El Problema del continuo después de Cohen (1964-2004)", de Carlos Di Prisco , "Are we closer to a solution of the continuum problem", y de Joan Bagaria, "Natural axioms of set and the continuum problem" , que se pueden encontrar en la biblioteca digital de mi blog de Lógica (...) Matemática y Fundamentos de la Matemática (ver). También en la entrada "The Continuum Hypothesis" de la web de Enciclopedia de Filosofía de la Universidad de Stanford existe información importante y actualizada al respecto. En esta breve nota se comenta sobre el tema de una manera divulgativa. (shrink)

In this paper, we take up an old issue that of pragmemes, broached by Mey and further explored by Capone. It is not easy to define pragmemes and distinguish them sufficiently from speech acts (units of language use broached by Austin and Searle) or from Wittgensteinian language games or from macro speech acts (see van Dijk on macrostructures) or from Goffman’s scripts. The best idea we could develop about pragmemes is that they instantiate the triple articulation of language, proposed (...) by Jock Wong; being essentially composed of phonological-syntactic units, that have a certain content relative to a social situation and to a certain culture, pragmemes express a certain function (or illocutionary force), like, e.g., modifying society or some aspect of it. They are part of a chapter that can be called either “societal pragmatics” or “emancipatory pragmatics,” to use the words by Mey. In fact, knowledge of how language is used to diminish the rights of people and to propagate the “status quo” may be instrumental to give rights and power to ordinary human beings who are oppressed by political and economical structures. -/- . (shrink)

I argue that rule consequentialism sometimes requires us to act in ways that we lack sufficient reason to act. And this presents a dilemma for Parfit. Either Parfit should concede that we should reject rule consequentialism (and, hence, Triple Theory, which implies it) despite the putatively strong reasons that he believes we have for accepting the view or he should deny that morality has the importance he attributes to it. For if morality is such that we sometimes have decisive (...) reason to act wrongly, then what we should be concerned with, practically speaking, is not with the morality of our actions, but with whether our actions are supported by sufficient reasons. We could, then, for all intents and purposes just ignore morality and focus on what we have sufficient reason to do, all things considered. So if my arguments are cogent, they show that Parfit’s Triple Theory is either false or relatively unimportant in that we can, for all intents and purposes, simply ignore its requirements and just do whatever it is that we have sufficient reason to do, all things considered. (shrink)

La protección de los derechos fundamentales en el sistema multinivel europeo exige de criterios hermenéuticos que posibiliten la delimitación del contenido y extensión del derecho fundamental en juego. Así, debemos considerar los derechos fundamentales reconocidos a nivel nacional (Constituciones), internacional (Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos) y de la Unión Europea (Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea). -/- Es necesario delimitar los criterios de interconexión más adecuados para llegar a los criterios de interpretación de los que se deriven las (...) exigencias y garantías de los derechos fundamentales. En el marco de los países miembros de la Unión Europea, que son a su vez parte del Consejo de Europa, es donde se da este sistema multinivel a tres bandas, donde será necesario analizar los criterios de interconexión desde el derecho de la Unión Europea, que es el que consagra el criterio del máximo nivel de protección aplicable, tras la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa el 1 de diciembre de 2009, y que como veremos es compatible con los límites constitucionales consagrados en la doctrina constitucional de los Estados miembros, así como con el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos (teniendo en consideración la futura adhesión de la UE), puesto que este criterio implica que a la hora de tutelar los derechos fundamentales habrá que buscar el nivel más alto de protección de los mismos. (shrink)

Resumen. -/- Premio de artículos jurídicos «GARCÍA GOYENA» (Curso 2013-2014). Tercer accésit El proceso de integración europea, en el que vivimos inmersos, reviste caracteres económicos, sociales, políticos y jurídicos; que dotan de características peculiares a un proyecto de integración cuya naturaleza está en constante discusión, casi tanto como su futuro. Sin duda, uno de los grandes protagonistas del proceso de integración ha sido y es el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, sobre todo con la proclamación y consagración de (...) los principios definitorios de la relación entre el ordenamiento comunitario, hoy de la Unión Europea con los ordenamientos nacionales: los principios de eficacia directa y de primacía del Derecho comunitario. Esto lo ha hecho a la vez que desarrollaba su jurisprudencia sobre las libertades económicas fundamentales consagradas en el Tratado de la Comunidad Económica Europea (libre circulación de mercancías, libre prestación de servicios, libre circulación de trabajadores y libre circulación de capitales). Este trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar dicha jurisprudencia, analizando el papel preponderante de la libre circulación de mercancías, así como las perspectivas de futuro tras la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa. -/- Abstract. -/- The process of European integration, in which we are immersed, has economic, social, political and legal characters giving special characteristics to an integration project whose nature is in constant discussion as its future. Certainly one of the great protagonists of the integration process has been and is the European Court of Justice, especially with the proclamation and consecration of the defining principles of the relationship between Community law, now European Union law, and national law: principles of direct effect and supremacy of EU law. ECJ recognised this principles while it developed its jurisprudence on fundamental economic freedoms recognised in the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (free movement of goods, freedom to provide services, free movement of workers and free movement of capitals). This work aims to study this case law, analyzing the dominant role of the free movement of goods as well as the future trends after the entry into force of Lisbon Treaty. (shrink)

No capítulo 1, “Do escudo de Aquiles à capa do Batman: o heroísmo togado e seus riscos à democracia”, discutimos a ascensão do protagonismo político no Poder Judiciário a partir da categoria antropológica do herói, expondo a delicada relação entre heroísmo e instituições democráticas. Para isso, traçamos um breve histórico do heroísmo e suas características, apresentando, posteriormente, uma analogia entre elas e a atuação do Ministro Joaquim Barbosa no curso da Ação Penal nº 470 do STF (Caso Mensalão). Tecemos também (...) alguns apontamentos sobre o Estado Democrático de Direito, a função do Poder Judiciário e os riscos que a propagação de escândalos públicos e a flexibilização de regras e princípios jurídicos podem trazer às instituições do Estado Democrático de Direito. O tema de fundo dessa análise é a relação simbiótica entre a violência e a produção mítica de heróis, segundo a teoria de Girard. No capítulo 2, “Satã: a violência na fundação da cultura”, analisamos a obra “Vejo Satã cair como um relâmpago”, de René Girard, apresentando sua teoria (mimética) e seu estudo antropológico da Bíblia e dos Evangelhos. O intuito é demonstrar a possibilidade de interpretar racionalmente dados antes percebidos como sobrenaturais, explorando, com Girard, as contribuições da revelação judaico-cristãs para a relação entre o homem, a violência e a organização político-religiosa do mundo antigo. O principal tema exposto na resenha é o da violência fundadora, base da cultura e da sociedade, que Girard identifica na figura bíblica de Satã. Mais do que mero símbolo religioso, Satã é a representação de um mecanismo de pacificação deflagrado em situações de crise social. Seu modus operandi consiste na reunião da sociedade contra um inimigo comum, um bode expiatório contra o qual levantam-se falsas acusações que sustentam sua perseguição e assassinato. Consideramos esse tema fundamental para a moderna e contemporânea compreensão dos processos de perseguição e vitimização político-social. A revelação cristã é a entrada em cena, no campo histórico, de um pensamento que se coloca francamente ao lado da vítima acusada pela comunidade. As ideologias penais da proteção do débil, os direitos individuais e os direitos humanos são efeitos políticos e jurídico do triunfo da cruz sobre a cultura satânica do assassínio de bodes expiatórios. No capítulo 3, “A violência no Direito: confissão e produção de bodes expiatórios”, aplicamos a teoria mimética para compreender o instituto jurídico da confissão do ponto de vista antropológico. Com base no Livro de Jó, investigamos a origem religiosa da extração forçada de confissões e demonstramos sua íntima relação com os rituais religiosos praticados na antiguidade, que usavam da assunção de culpa como um instrumento para legitimar a violência contra seus bodes expiatórios. Com isso, pretendemos apontar para a necessidade de mitigação do valor probatório da assunção de culpa no contexto de um Estado Democrático de Direito. Incorporada às intuições jurídicas, a confissão deve ser tomada como instrumento laico e totalmente desvinculado das práticas expiatórias que lhe deram origem. No capítulo 4, “Direito penal e preocupação pelas vítimas: a renovação dos princípios de ofensividade e proteção de bens jurídicos após a experiência do totalitarismo", analisamos o surgimento e desenvolvimento da ideia de crime como ofensa a bens jurídicos. Trata-se de um ensaio de história das ideias jurídicas em que traçamos a evolução histórica das ideias de ofensividade e proteção de bens jurídicos, desde sua gênese na experiência liberal e iluminista, passando por seu enfraquecimento durante o Direito Penal nacional-socialista, até culminar em seu ressurgimento e renovação nos dias atuais. O intuito desta análise é situar o princípio da ofensividade, enquanto garantia assegurada nas Constituições do Pós-guerra, no quadro histórico da moderna preocupação pelas vítimas, efeito cultural da religião cristã que discutimos no capítulo 2 (“Satã: a violência na fundação da cultura”). Por fim, no quinto e último capítulo, “O Direito após a revelação do mecanismo vitimário”, procuramos rematar a temática do Direito no quadro da antropologia de Girard, explorando o papel desempenhado pela revelação cristã do mecanismo expiatório na cultura ocidental, especialmente no que diz respeito à formação de uma ética de proteção das vítimas, eixo fundamental dos Direitos Humanos. Por isso, demonstramos como o Direito Penal, no ocidente, está dividido entre o sacrifício e o perdão. Resultado da lógica do cristianismo sacrificial, o moderno Direito constitui-se na forma híbrida de um Katéchon: ou seja, como racionalização do mecanismo vitimário, re-direcionado, por meio das instituições jurídicas e políticas, contra atos de perseguição de minorias e vulneráveis . (shrink)

Tomamos como certo que os nossos sentidos nos colocam em contato com o ambiente ao nosso redor. Enquanto caminhamos em uma rua, vemos obstáculos que temos de contornar ou remover. Mesmo de costas, podemos ouvir a bicicleta que se aproxima e dar passagem. Em suma, por meio de experiências perceptivas (visuais, auditivas, olfativas etc.), ficamos conscientes de objetos ou eventos que estejam ocorrendo ao nosso redor. Além disso, com base no que percebemos, podemos formar e manter crenças acerca do ambiente (...) e, assim, adquirir conhecimento perceptivo acerca do mundo. A importância desse conhecimento acerca do que está ao nosso alcance perceptivo é inestimável para a nossa sobrevivência e a condução de nossos projetos cotidianos. Contudo, podemos querer saber (1) se de fato temos acesso ao mundo físico circundante por meio das nossas experiências perceptivas, e (2) se e como essas experiências justificam as nossas crenças acerca do que percebemos. Esses problemas são centrais para a epistemologia da percepção, embora não sejam os únicos. Nessa entrada, abordaremos esses dois problemas. (shrink)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los principales cambios que implicará para aquellos ejercicios iniciados a partir del 1 de enero de 2018, la entrada en vigencia de la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera (NIIF) 15 – Ingreso de Actividades Ordinarias Procedentes de Contratos con Clientes- sustituyendo a las Norma Internacional de Contabilidad (NIC) 11 – Contratos de Construcción-, NIC 18 – Ingresos de Actividades Ordinarias-, Interpretación desarrollada por el Comité de Interpretaciones de las Normas Internacionales de Información (...) Financiera (CINIIF) 13 – Programas de Fidelización de Clientes-, CINIIF 15 – Acuerdos para la Construcción de Inmuebles-, CINIIF 18 – Transferencias de Activos procedentes de Clientes-, e Interpretación desarrollada por el Comité de Interpretaciones de Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (SIC) 31 – Ingresos-Permutas de Servicios de Publicidad-. A tales efectos, analizaremos los principales lineamientos contables establecidos por la NIIF 15, a través del modelo de las cinco etapas y de otros aspectos que a nuestro entender son importantes presentando algunos casos prácticos para un mejor entendimiento. (shrink)

Topicality of the research topic. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increase in the instability of the structure of ecosocial systems. Technological innovations have led to a sharp deterioration in natural social ecodynamics. The aim of the research is the conceptual modeling of the proliferation of biopolitics from the social sphere to the field of international relations with the subsequent transformation into a systemic factor of the global evolutionary process. Research methods and results. The model is (...) based on our previously proposed concept of a three-module stable evolutionary strategy of technogenic civilization. In relation to the triple spiral of anthropo-socio-technogenesis, i.e., the historical development of the cultural-ecological niche of Homo sapiens, constructed by him, this means the following. Periods of stable progressive growth of evolutionary and civilizational success are replaced by periods of various scales crisis, up to civilizational or even biological-evolutionary singularity. During the crisis, the importance of the political factor increases sharply, and over the past 50 years, this primarily relates to the field of biopolitics. The regional differentiation of the biopolitical sphere reconstruction during the fight against the pandemic will inevitably complicate international relations not only between regions that belong to different cultural and civilizational types. Probably less so, the same problems will affect the reconciliation of differences caused by geopolitical, interethnic, religious and even economic (competition) reasons. The first phase of the adaptive civilizational response is to reduce the degree of connection between the individual socio-cultural elements of modern civilization, i.e., slowing down the globalization process and intensifying interregional conflicts of various contents. In particular, such contradictions will be most acute in the post-Soviet geopolitical space, where the conditions of the civilizational rift are imposed on the conflicts of the transition period. Due to the specifics of modern high technologies, the process will enter the phase of global socio-techno-ecological self-developing systems reconstruction, which includes man as its element. And the obvious conclusion will be the transition of the development of biopolitical issues to a new, no longer international, but global-evolutionary level. In our understanding, transbiopolitics is a political issue related to the rationalization of the global evolutionary process. The latter will become a bearing element of the global process of evolution of the noosphere with the subsequent complication and increase of cohesion between separate sociocultural types which are a part of system of the modern globalizing civilization. (shrink)

Purpose. Our study aims at developing a conceptual model of transdisciplinary synthesis of philosophical-anthropological, sociopolitical and epistemological aspects of co-evolution of the scientific and technical designs of High Hume class and the socio-cultural / political context in the process of anthropo-socio-cultural genesis. The relevance of the topic is justified by the technologization of all spheres of human existence and the emergence of High Hume class technologies, which can be called technology-driven equally. As a result, the concepts of "bio-power" and "biopolitics" (...) have become ones of the most frequently mentioned in modern philosophical and anthropological discourse and attract increasing attention of philosophers, sociologists, and, in the last decadecades, experts in the field of practical political science and economics (Foucault, Agamben, Žižek, Kebnik, Nadesan, etc.). Theoretical basis. It is problem-theoretical research; We synthesize the results of our publications in recent years. We proceed from the fact that the main question of the informational phase of the development of a technogenic civilization lies in the rationalization and technologization of the evolutionary process, i.e. in the removal of the fundamental ontological antinomy “Evolution versus Reasonable Design”, as a result for modern neoliberal political democracy, biopower and its theoretical understanding (biopolitics) are effective tools and technologies to form of optimal trends of the global evolutionary process, in the framework of this ideological system. We have chosen the comparative conceptual analysis combining with the results of the content analysis of Web publications by the main method of the study. Originality of the research is in the fact that the central core of such a model is the use of a conceptual and terminological apparatus for describing the mechanisms of the progressive evolution of complex systems, known as the “triple spiral” by Ledeisdorf-Itskovich. This allowed us to integrate the bio-power phenomenon into the general scheme of a stable evolutionary strategy of a technogenic civilization. The conclusions. We justified the transformation of biopolitics into the main factor in the global evolution of self-organizing human-sized systems, including the biosphere as a whole. This is achieved through the creation of a specific (bio) ethical system of imperatives and the activities of individuals in relation to themselves and other agents of social actions. Bioethics with a trail of associated conceptual areas (biosociology, bioeconomics, biohistory, etc.) turned out to be the only rationalized regulator of the process of biological and sociocultural evolution. The triple spiral biotechnology – bioeconomy – bioenergy as the material substance of the life of technological civilization is reflected in the ideal world as a triad of bioethics – biosociology – biopolitics. Both triads form closed cycles of evolutionary transformations that transmit and amplify the initial momentum of transformations on each other through a cascade mechanism with positive feedback. (shrink)

El tratamiento contable y fiscal de los ingresos por ventas de inmuebles a plazo requieren en la actualidad especial atención por diversos motivos. En materia contable, por el reciente cambio que esta normativa tuvo con la entrada en vigencia de la NIIF 15, aplicable a las operaciones de referencia, considerando las dificultades que por lo general tiene la adopción de nuevas normas contables. En materia fiscal, por la “pobre” redacción que a nuestro entender presenta el artículo 13 del Decreto (...) Nº 150/007 reglamentario del IRAE -que otorga un tratamiento fiscal particular a las operaciones en cuestión- y puede llevar a diversas interpretaciones, desde por ejemplo si su aplicación es obligatoria, hasta qué resultados quedan incluidos en el mismo. Otro motivo relevante es la consideración del componente financiero, siempre presente en este tipo de transacciones. Lo anteriormente expuesto, nos lleva a plantearnos la hipótesis de que en nuestro país existen diferentes interpretaciones en el tratamiento contable y fiscal de la operación en cuestión. A los efectos de demostrarla, y luego de un estudio de la normativa aplicable, se realizó un relevamiento de la situación actual sobre el tema de estudio en algunos de los principales estudios contables referentes en la materia. La investigación concluye en que la hipótesis planteada resulta ser parcialmente verdadera, ya que se constataron diversas interpretaciones en la aplicación de la normativa fiscal, pero no así en la contable, aunque en esta última, se detectaron casos de incumplimiento. En virtud de esas diversas interpretaciones, este equipo de investigación aporta el método que aplicaría al caso tratado. (shrink)